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580 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
580 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# ventoy-img 库使用说明
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## 安装
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### 作为依赖添加
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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ventoy-img = { path = "path/to/ventoy-img-rs" }
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```
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或发布到 crates.io 后:
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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ventoy-img = "0.1"
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```
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## 快速开始
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```rust
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use ventoy_img::{VentoyImage, Result};
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use std::path::Path;
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fn main() -> Result<()> {
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// 创建 8GB Ventoy 镜像
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let img = VentoyImage::create(
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Path::new("ventoy.img"),
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"8G",
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"Ventoy"
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)?;
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// 打开已有镜像
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let mut img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))?;
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// 列出文件
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for file in img.list_files()? {
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println!("{}: {} bytes", file.name, file.size);
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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```
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## API 参考
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### VentoyImage
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主要的镜像操作结构体。
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#### 创建镜像
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```rust
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pub fn create(path: &Path, size_str: &str, label: &str) -> Result<Self>
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```
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创建新的 Ventoy IMG 文件。
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**参数:**
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- `path`: 输出文件路径
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- `size_str`: 镜像大小,支持格式:`"8G"`, `"16G"`, `"1024M"`, `"1073741824"`
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- `label`: 数据分区卷标(最长 11 字符)
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**示例:**
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```rust
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// 创建 8GB 镜像
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let img = VentoyImage::create(Path::new("ventoy.img"), "8G", "Ventoy")?;
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// 创建 512MB 镜像
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let img = VentoyImage::create(Path::new("small.img"), "512M", "MyUSB")?;
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```
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#### 打开镜像
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```rust
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pub fn open(path: &Path) -> Result<Self>
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```
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打开已有的 Ventoy IMG 文件。会验证 Ventoy 签名。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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let img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))?;
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```
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#### 列出文件
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```rust
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pub fn list_files(&self) -> Result<Vec<FileInfo>>
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pub fn list_files_at(&self, path: &str) -> Result<Vec<FileInfo>>
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pub fn list_files_recursive(&self) -> Result<Vec<FileInfo>>
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```
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列出数据分区中的文件。
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**返回:**
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```rust
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pub struct FileInfo {
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pub name: String,
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pub size: u64,
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pub is_directory: bool,
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pub path: String, // 完整路径(用于递归列出)
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}
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```
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**示例:**
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```rust
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let img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))?;
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// 列出根目录
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for file in img.list_files()? {
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if file.is_directory {
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println!("[DIR] {}", file.name);
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} else {
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println!("[FILE] {} ({} bytes)", file.name, file.size);
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}
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}
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// 列出指定目录
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for file in img.list_files_at("iso/linux")? {
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println!("{}", file.name);
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}
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// 递归列出所有文件
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for file in img.list_files_recursive()? {
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println!("{}: {} bytes", file.path, file.size);
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}
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```
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#### 添加文件
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```rust
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pub fn add_file(&mut self, src_path: &Path) -> Result<()>
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pub fn add_file_overwrite(&mut self, src_path: &Path, overwrite: bool) -> Result<()>
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pub fn add_file_to_path(&mut self, src_path: &Path, dest_path: &str, create_parents: bool, overwrite: bool) -> Result<()>
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```
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将文件添加到数据分区。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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let mut img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))?;
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// 添加到根目录
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img.add_file(Path::new("/path/to/ubuntu.iso"))?;
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// 添加并覆盖已存在的文件
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img.add_file_overwrite(Path::new("/path/to/new-ubuntu.iso"), true)?;
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// 添加到子目录(自动创建父目录)
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img.add_file_to_path(
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Path::new("/path/to/ubuntu.iso"),
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"iso/linux/ubuntu.iso",
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true, // create_parents
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false, // overwrite
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)?;
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// 添加并覆盖子目录中的文件
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img.add_file_to_path(
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Path::new("/path/to/new-ubuntu.iso"),
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"iso/linux/ubuntu.iso",
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false, // create_parents (目录已存在)
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true, // overwrite
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)?;
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```
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#### 创建目录
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```rust
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pub fn create_directory(&mut self, path: &str, create_parents: bool) -> Result<()>
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```
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在数据分区中创建目录。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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let mut img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))?;
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// 创建单级目录
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img.create_directory("iso", false)?;
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// 递归创建多级目录(类似 mkdir -p)
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img.create_directory("iso/linux/ubuntu", true)?;
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```
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#### 删除文件
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```rust
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pub fn remove_file(&mut self, name: &str) -> Result<()>
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pub fn remove_path(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<()>
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pub fn remove_recursive(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<()>
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```
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从数据分区删除文件或目录。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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let mut img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))?;
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// 删除根目录的文件
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img.remove_file("ubuntu.iso")?;
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// 删除子目录中的文件或空目录
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img.remove_path("iso/linux/ubuntu.iso")?;
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img.remove_path("iso/empty-dir")?;
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// 递归删除目录及其所有内容
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img.remove_recursive("iso")?;
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```
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#### 获取分区布局
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```rust
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pub fn layout(&self) -> &PartitionLayout
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```
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获取分区布局信息。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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let img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))?;
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let layout = img.layout();
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println!("Data partition: {} MB", layout.data_size() / 1024 / 1024);
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println!("EFI partition: {} MB", layout.efi_size_sectors * 512 / 1024 / 1024);
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```
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### ExfatFs
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底层 exFAT 文件系统操作。
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#### 打开文件系统
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```rust
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pub fn open(path: &Path, layout: &PartitionLayout) -> Result<Self>
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```
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**示例:**
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```rust
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use ventoy_img::exfat::ExfatFs;
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let layout = PartitionLayout::calculate(8 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)?;
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let mut fs = ExfatFs::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"), &layout)?;
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```
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#### 写入文件
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```rust
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// 基本写入(根目录)
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pub fn write_file(&mut self, name: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Result<()>
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// 带覆盖选项
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pub fn write_file_overwrite(&mut self, name: &str, data: &[u8], overwrite: bool) -> Result<()>
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// 写入到指定路径
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pub fn write_file_path(&mut self, path: &str, data: &[u8], create_parents: bool, overwrite: bool) -> Result<()>
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```
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**示例:**
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```rust
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// 写入到根目录
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fs.write_file("config.txt", b"content")?;
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// 覆盖已存在的文件
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fs.write_file_overwrite("config.txt", b"new content", true)?;
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// 写入到子目录(自动创建父目录)
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fs.write_file_path("iso/linux/config.txt", b"content", true, false)?;
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```
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#### 读取文件
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```rust
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pub fn read_file(&mut self, name: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>>
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pub fn read_file_path(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>>
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```
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读取文件内容到内存。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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// 从根目录读取
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let data = fs.read_file("config.txt")?;
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// 从子目录读取
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let data = fs.read_file_path("iso/linux/config.txt")?;
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println!("{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&data));
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```
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#### 流式读取(大文件)
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```rust
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pub fn read_file_to_writer<W: Write>(&mut self, name: &str, writer: &mut W) -> Result<u64>
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pub fn read_file_path_to_writer<W: Write>(&mut self, path: &str, writer: &mut W) -> Result<u64>
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```
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流式读取文件到 Writer,适合大文件。返回读取的字节数。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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use std::fs::File;
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use std::io::BufWriter;
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// 从镜像中提取文件
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let mut output = BufWriter::new(File::create("extracted.iso")?);
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let bytes = fs.read_file_to_writer("ubuntu.iso", &mut output)?;
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println!("Extracted {} bytes", bytes);
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// 从子目录流式读取
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let mut output = Vec::new();
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fs.read_file_path_to_writer("iso/linux/ubuntu.iso", &mut output)?;
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```
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#### 删除文件
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```rust
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pub fn delete_file(&mut self, name: &str) -> Result<()>
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pub fn delete_path(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<()>
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pub fn delete_recursive(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<()>
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```
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删除文件或目录并释放空间。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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// 删除根目录的文件
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fs.delete_file("config.txt")?;
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// 删除子目录中的文件或空目录
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fs.delete_path("iso/linux/config.txt")?;
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// 递归删除目录
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fs.delete_recursive("iso")?;
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```
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#### 创建目录
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```rust
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pub fn create_directory(&mut self, path: &str, create_parents: bool) -> Result<()>
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```
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**示例:**
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```rust
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// 创建单级目录
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fs.create_directory("iso", false)?;
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// 递归创建多级目录
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fs.create_directory("iso/linux/ubuntu", true)?;
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```
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#### 列出文件
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```rust
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pub fn list_files(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<FileInfo>>
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pub fn list_files_at(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<Vec<FileInfo>>
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pub fn list_files_recursive(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<FileInfo>>
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```
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**示例:**
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```rust
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// 列出根目录
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let files = fs.list_files()?;
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// 列出指定目录
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let files = fs.list_files_at("iso/linux")?;
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// 递归列出所有文件
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let all_files = fs.list_files_recursive()?;
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```
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#### 流式写入(大文件)
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```rust
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pub fn write_file_from_reader<R: Read>(&mut self, name: &str, reader: &mut R, size: u64) -> Result<()>
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pub fn write_file_from_reader_overwrite<R: Read>(&mut self, name: &str, reader: &mut R, size: u64, overwrite: bool) -> Result<()>
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pub fn write_file_from_reader_path<R: Read>(&mut self, path: &str, reader: &mut R, size: u64, create_parents: bool, overwrite: bool) -> Result<()>
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```
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从 Reader 流式写入文件,适合大文件。
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**示例:**
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```rust
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use std::fs::File;
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use std::io::BufReader;
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let file = File::open("large.iso")?;
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let size = file.metadata()?.len();
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let mut reader = BufReader::new(file);
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// 写入到根目录
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fs.write_file_from_reader("large.iso", &mut reader, size)?;
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// 写入到子目录并覆盖
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fs.write_file_from_reader_path(
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"iso/linux/large.iso",
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&mut reader,
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size,
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true, // create_parents
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true, // overwrite
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)?;
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```
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### ExfatFileWriter
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手动控制的流式写入器。
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```rust
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use ventoy_img::exfat::ExfatFileWriter;
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// 创建写入器(根目录)
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let mut writer = ExfatFileWriter::create(&mut fs, "file.iso", total_size)?;
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// 创建写入器(带覆盖选项)
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let mut writer = ExfatFileWriter::create_overwrite(&mut fs, "file.iso", total_size, true)?;
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// 创建写入器(指定路径,支持创建父目录和覆盖)
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let mut writer = ExfatFileWriter::create_at_path(
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&mut fs,
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"iso/linux/file.iso",
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total_size,
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true, // create_parents
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false, // overwrite
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)?;
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// 分块写入
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loop {
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let n = source.read(&mut buffer)?;
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if n == 0 { break; }
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writer.write(&buffer[..n])?;
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}
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// 完成写入(创建目录条目)
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writer.finish()?;
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```
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### ExfatFileReader
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手动控制的流式读取器,实现 `std::io::Read` 和 `std::io::Seek` 特征。
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```rust
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use ventoy_img::exfat::ExfatFileReader;
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use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom};
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// 打开文件读取器(根目录)
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let mut reader = ExfatFileReader::open(&mut fs, "file.iso")?;
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// 打开文件读取器(指定路径)
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let mut reader = ExfatFileReader::open_path(&mut fs, "iso/linux/file.iso")?;
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// 获取文件信息
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println!("File size: {} bytes", reader.file_size());
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println!("Current position: {}", reader.position());
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println!("Remaining: {} bytes", reader.remaining());
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// 读取数据
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let mut buffer = [0u8; 4096];
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let n = reader.read(&mut buffer)?;
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// 读取全部内容
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let mut data = Vec::new();
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reader.read_to_end(&mut data)?;
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// Seek 操作
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reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(1000))?; // 从开头偏移
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reader.seek(SeekFrom::Current(100))?; // 从当前位置偏移
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reader.seek(SeekFrom::End(-100))?; // 从结尾偏移
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// 精确读取
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let mut exact_buffer = [0u8; 100];
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reader.read_exact(&mut exact_buffer)?;
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```
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**特性:**
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- 实现 `std::io::Read` 和 `std::io::Seek`
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- 自动 cluster 缓存,减少 I/O 次数
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- 支持任意位置的 seek
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- 内存占用低,只缓存当前 cluster
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## 错误处理
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所有操作返回 `Result<T, VentoyError>`:
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```rust
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use ventoy_img::{Result, VentoyError};
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fn example() -> Result<()> {
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let img = VentoyImage::open(Path::new("ventoy.img"))
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.map_err(|e| {
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match &e {
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VentoyError::Io(io_err) => eprintln!("IO error: {}", io_err),
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VentoyError::ImageError(msg) => eprintln!("Image error: {}", msg),
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VentoyError::FilesystemError(msg) => eprintln!("FS error: {}", msg),
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_ => eprintln!("Error: {}", e),
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}
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e
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})?;
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Ok(())
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}
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```
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## 完整示例
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### 创建镜像并添加 ISO
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```rust
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use ventoy_img::{VentoyImage, Result};
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use std::path::Path;
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fn main() -> Result<()> {
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// 创建 16GB 镜像
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println!("Creating Ventoy image...");
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let mut img = VentoyImage::create(
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Path::new("ventoy.img"),
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"16G",
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"Ventoy"
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)?;
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// 添加 ISO 文件
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println!("Adding ISO files...");
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img.add_file(Path::new("/isos/ubuntu-22.04.iso"))?;
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img.add_file(Path::new("/isos/windows11.iso"))?;
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// 列出文件
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println!("\nFiles in image:");
|
||
for file in img.list_files()? {
|
||
println!(" {} ({:.1} MB)", file.name, file.size as f64 / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
println!("\nDone! Write ventoy.img to USB drive.");
|
||
Ok(())
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 批量处理 ISO 文件
|
||
|
||
```rust
|
||
use ventoy_img::{VentoyImage, Result};
|
||
use std::path::Path;
|
||
use std::fs;
|
||
|
||
fn main() -> Result<()> {
|
||
let iso_dir = Path::new("/path/to/isos");
|
||
|
||
// 计算所需大小
|
||
let total_size: u64 = fs::read_dir(iso_dir)?
|
||
.filter_map(|e| e.ok())
|
||
.filter(|e| e.path().extension().map_or(false, |ext| ext == "iso"))
|
||
.map(|e| e.metadata().map(|m| m.len()).unwrap_or(0))
|
||
.sum();
|
||
|
||
// 添加 1GB 余量 + 32MB EFI
|
||
let image_size = total_size + 1024 * 1024 * 1024 + 32 * 1024 * 1024;
|
||
let size_str = format!("{}M", image_size / 1024 / 1024);
|
||
|
||
// 创建镜像
|
||
let mut img = VentoyImage::create(Path::new("ventoy.img"), &size_str, "Ventoy")?;
|
||
|
||
// 添加所有 ISO
|
||
for entry in fs::read_dir(iso_dir)? {
|
||
let entry = entry?;
|
||
let path = entry.path();
|
||
if path.extension().map_or(false, |ext| ext == "iso") {
|
||
println!("Adding: ", path.display());
|
||
img.add_file(&path)?;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
Ok(())
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 注意事项
|
||
|
||
1. **文件大小限制**: 单个文件最大支持 exFAT 限制(约 16 EB)
|
||
2. **文件名**: 最长 255 个 UTF-16 字符,大小写不敏感
|
||
3. **Unicode 支持**: 完整支持国际字符(中日韩、西里尔、希腊字母、Emoji 等)
|
||
4. **并发**: `ExfatFs` 不是线程安全的,需要外部同步
|
||
5. **磁盘空间**: 创建镜像时会预分配全部空间(稀疏文件)
|
||
6. **最小大小**: 镜像最小 64MB(32MB EFI + 32MB 数据)
|
||
7. **动态簇大小**: 根据卷大小自动选择(<256MB: 4KB, 256MB-8GB: 32KB, >8GB: 128KB)
|