Merge pull request #312 from mofeng-git/dev

Dev

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+name: Build
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      publish_release:
+        description: Publish GitHub Release
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+      release_tag:
+        description: Release tag name when publishing
+        required: false
+        default: ""
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  frontend:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 24
+
+      - name: Build frontend
+        working-directory: web
+        run: |
+          npm install
+          npm run build
+
+      - name: Upload frontend dist
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: web-dist
+          path: web/dist
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 7
+
+  deb:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: frontend
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Download frontend dist
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: web-dist
+          path: web/dist
+
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+
+      - name: Cache Rust dependencies
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          # The Docker workflow builds the same targets with the same Cross images.
+          shared-key: linux-cross-release
+          key: ${{ hashFiles('Cross.toml', 'build/cross/Dockerfile.*') }}
+          cache-all-crates: true
+
+      - name: Install cross
+        run: cargo install cross --version 0.2.5 --locked
+
+      - name: Build linux binary
+        run: bash build/build-images.sh
+
+      - name: Package deb
+        run: bash build/package-deb.sh
+
+      - name: Upload deb
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-deb
+          path: target/debian/*.deb
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 7
+
+  windows:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    needs: frontend
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Download frontend dist
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: web-dist
+          path: web/dist
+
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+
+      - name: Set up MSVC
+        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+
+      - name: Prepare vcpkg and dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $env:VCPKG_ROOT = "C:\vcpkg"
+          $env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET = "x64-windows-static"
+          $env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR = Join-Path $pwd "vcpkg_installed"
+
+          if (-not (Test-Path $env:VCPKG_ROOT)) {
+            git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg $env:VCPKG_ROOT
+          }
+
+          & "$env:VCPKG_ROOT\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat" -disableMetrics
+          & "$env:VCPKG_ROOT\vcpkg.exe" install --triplet $env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET --x-install-root="$env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR"
+
+          $tripletRoot = Join-Path $env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR $env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET
+          $env:TURBOJPEG_SOURCE = "explicit"
+          $env:TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR = Join-Path $tripletRoot "lib"
+          $env:TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR = Join-Path $tripletRoot "include"
+
+          "VCPKG_ROOT=$env:VCPKG_ROOT" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET=$env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR=$env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "TURBOJPEG_SOURCE=$env:TURBOJPEG_SOURCE" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR=$env:TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR=$env:TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+
+      - name: Cache Rust dependencies
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          shared-key: windows-msvc-release
+          key: ${{ hashFiles('vcpkg.json', 'vcpkg-configuration.json') }}
+
+      - name: Build Windows exe
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: .\build\windows\build.ps1 -Configuration release -Package
+
+      - name: Upload exe
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-windows-exe
+          path: target/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/release/one-kvm_*.exe
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 7
+
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: [deb, windows]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.publish_release }}
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Validate release tag
+        run: |
+          if [ -z "${{ inputs.release_tag }}" ]; then
+            echo "release_tag is required when publish_release is true"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Download deb artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-deb
+          path: release-artifacts/deb
+
+      - name: Download exe artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-windows-exe
+          path: release-artifacts/windows
+
+      - name: Publish GitHub Release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+          prerelease: true
+          generate_release_notes: true
+          files: |
+            release-artifacts/deb/*.deb
+            release-artifacts/windows/*.exe

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+name: Docker
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: Docker image tag
+        required: false
+        default: latest
+      platforms:
+        description: Docker platforms
+        required: false
+        default: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "v*"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+  DOCKER_PLATFORMS: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.platforms || 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7' }}
+  DOCKER_TAG: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.tag || github.ref_name }}
+
+jobs:
+  docker:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 360
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 24
+
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+
+      - name: Cache Rust dependencies
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+        with:
+          # Reuse dependency artifacts produced by the deb job and vice versa.
+          shared-key: linux-cross-release
+          key: ${{ hashFiles('Cross.toml', 'build/cross/Dockerfile.*') }}
+          cache-all-crates: true
+
+      - name: Install build dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y unzip xz-utils
+          cargo install cross --version 0.2.5 --locked
+
+      - name: Build frontend
+        working-directory: web
+        run: |
+          npm install
+          npm run build
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Build linux binaries
+        run: bash build/build-images.sh
+
+      - name: Log in to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: docker.io
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Log in to Aliyun Container Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
+          username: ${{ secrets.ALIYUN_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.ALIYUN_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Publish Docker images
+        run: |
+          ./build/package-docker.sh --platform "$DOCKER_PLATFORMS" --registry docker.io/silentwind0 --tag "$DOCKER_TAG" --push
+          ./build/package-docker.sh --platform "$DOCKER_PLATFORMS" --registry registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/silentwind --tag "$DOCKER_TAG" --push
+          ./build/package-docker.sh --platform "$DOCKER_PLATFORMS" --registry docker.io/silentwind0 --variant full --tag "$DOCKER_TAG" --push
+          ./build/package-docker.sh --platform "$DOCKER_PLATFORMS" --registry registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/silentwind --variant full --tag "$DOCKER_TAG" --push

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Rust
-/target/
+target/
 Cargo.lock
 
 # IDE
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Thumbs.db
 # Build artifacts
 /dist/
 /build-staging
+/.tmp/
 
 # Frontend (built files)
 /web/node_modules/

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "one-kvm"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.2.7"
 edition = "2021"
 authors = ["SilentWind"]
 description = "A open and lightweight IP-KVM solution written in Rust"
@@ -9,121 +9,201 @@ repository = "https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM"
 keywords = ["kvm", "ipkvm", "remote-management", "embedded"]
 categories = ["embedded", "network-programming"]
 
+[features]
+default = ["desktop"]
+desktop = [
+    "dep:tokio",
+    "dep:tokio-util",
+    "dep:axum",
+    "dep:axum-extra",
+    "dep:tower-http",
+    "dep:sqlx",
+    "dep:serde",
+    "dep:serde_json",
+    "dep:toml_edit",
+    "dep:tracing",
+    "dep:tracing-subscriber",
+    "dep:thiserror",
+    "dep:anyhow",
+    "dep:argon2",
+    "dep:rand",
+    "dep:totp-rs",
+    "dep:uuid",
+    "dep:base64",
+    "dep:nix",
+    "dep:reqwest",
+    "dep:urlencoding",
+    "dep:rust-embed",
+    "dep:mime_guess",
+    "dep:rustls",
+    "dep:rcgen",
+    "dep:axum-server",
+    "dep:clap",
+    "dep:time",
+    "dep:tempfile",
+    "dep:bytes",
+    "dep:bytemuck",
+    "dep:xxhash-rust",
+    "dep:async-stream",
+    "dep:futures",
+    "dep:tokio-tungstenite",
+    "dep:parking_lot",
+    "dep:arc-swap",
+    "dep:webrtc",
+    "dep:rtp",
+    "dep:rtsp-types",
+    "dep:sdp-types",
+    "dep:serialport",
+    "dep:async-trait",
+    "dep:libc",
+    "dep:libloading",
+    "dep:ventoy-img",
+    "dep:protobuf",
+    "dep:sodiumoxide",
+    "dep:des",
+    "dep:sha2",
+    "dep:typeshare",
+    "dep:hwcodec",
+    "dep:libyuv",
+    "dep:turbojpeg",
+    "dep:audiopus",
+    "dep:v4l2r",
+    "dep:alsa",
+    "dep:gpio-cdev",
+    "dep:one-kvm-bluetooth-hid",
+    "dep:cpal",
+    "dep:windows-sys",
+]
 [dependencies]
 # Async runtime
-tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
-tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["rt"] }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["fs", "io-util", "macros", "net", "process", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync", "time"], optional = true }
+tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["rt"], optional = true }
 
 # Web framework
-axum = { version = "0.8", features = ["ws", "multipart", "tokio"] }
-axum-extra = { version = "0.12", features = ["cookie"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.6", features = ["cors", "trace"] }
+axum = { version = "0.8", features = ["ws", "multipart", "tokio"], optional = true }
+axum-extra = { version = "0.12", features = ["cookie"], optional = true }
+tower-http = { version = "0.6", features = ["cors", "trace", "set-header"], optional = true }
 
 # Database - Use bundled SQLite for static linking
-sqlx = { version = "0.8", features = ["runtime-tokio", "sqlite"] }
+sqlx = { version = "0.9", default-features = false, features = ["runtime-tokio", "sqlite-bundled"], optional = true }
 
 # Serialization
-serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
-serde_json = "1"
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
+serde_json = { version = "1", optional = true }
+toml_edit = { version = "0.25", optional = true }
 
 # Logging
-tracing = "0.1"
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "tracing-log"] }
+tracing = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "tracing-log"], optional = true }
 
 # Error handling
-thiserror = "2"
-anyhow = "1"
+thiserror = { version = "2", optional = true }
+anyhow = { version = "1", optional = true }
 
 # Authentication
-argon2 = "0.5"
-rand = "0.9"
+argon2 = { version = "0.5", optional = true }
+rand = { version = "0.10", optional = true }
+totp-rs = { version = "5.7", features = ["gen_secret", "otpauth", "zeroize"], optional = true }
 
 # Utilities
-uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4", "serde"] }
-base64 = "0.22"
-nix = { version = "0.30", features = ["fs", "net", "hostname", "poll"] }
+uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4", "serde"], optional = true }
+base64 = { version = "0.22", optional = true }
+tempfile = { version = "3", optional = true }
 
 # HTTP client (for URL downloads)
 # Use rustls by default, but allow native-tls for systems with older GLIBC
-reqwest = { version = "0.13", features = ["stream", "rustls", "json"], default-features = false }
-urlencoding = "2"
+reqwest = { version = "0.13", features = ["stream", "rustls-no-provider", "json"], default-features = false, optional = true }
+urlencoding = { version = "2", optional = true }
 
 # Static file embedding
-rust-embed = { version = "8", features = ["compression", "debug-embed"] }
-mime_guess = "2"
+rust-embed = { version = "8", features = ["compression", "debug-embed"], optional = true }
+mime_guess = { version = "2", optional = true }
 
 # TLS/HTTPS
-rustls = { version = "0.23", features = ["ring"] }
-rcgen = "0.14"
-axum-server = { version = "0.8", features = ["tls-rustls"] }
+rustls = { version = "0.23", default-features = false, features = ["ring", "std", "tls12"], optional = true }
+rcgen = { version = "0.14", optional = true }
+axum-server = { version = "0.8", features = ["tls-rustls-no-provider"], optional = true }
 
 # CLI argument parsing
-clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
+clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
 
 # Time (cookie max_age + RFC3339 timestamps)
-time = { version = "0.3", features = ["serde", "formatting", "parsing"] }
-
-# Video capture (V4L2)
-v4l2r = "0.0.7"
-
-# JPEG encoding (libjpeg-turbo, SIMD accelerated)
-turbojpeg = "1.3"
+time = { version = "0.3", features = ["serde", "formatting", "parsing"], optional = true }
 
 # Bytes handling
-bytes = "1"
-bytemuck = { version = "1.24", features = ["derive"] }
+bytes = { version = "1", optional = true }
+bytemuck = { version = "1.24", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
 
 # Frame deduplication (hash-based comparison)
-xxhash-rust = { version = "0.8", features = ["xxh64"] }
+xxhash-rust = { version = "0.8", features = ["xxh64"], optional = true }
 
 # Async channels
-async-stream = "0.3"
-futures = "0.3"
+async-stream = { version = "0.3", optional = true }
+futures = { version = "0.3", optional = true }
 
 # WebSocket client (for ttyd proxy)
-tokio-tungstenite = "0.28"
+tokio-tungstenite = { version = "0.29", optional = true }
 
 # High-performance synchronization
-parking_lot = "0.12"
-arc-swap = "1.8"
+parking_lot = { version = "0.12", optional = true }
+arc-swap = { version = "1.8", optional = true }
 
 # WebRTC
-webrtc = "0.14"
-rtp = "0.14"
-rtsp-types = "0.1"
-sdp-types = "0.1"
-
-# Audio (ALSA capture + Opus encoding)
-# Note: audiopus links to libopus.so (unavoidable for audio support)
-alsa = "0.11"
-audiopus = "0.2"
+webrtc = { version = "0.17", optional = true }
+rtp = { version = "0.17", optional = true }
+rtsp-types = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
+sdp-types = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
 
 # HID (serial port for CH9329)
-serialport = "4"
-async-trait = "0.1"
-libc = "0.2"
+serialport = { version = "4", optional = true }
+async-trait = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
+libc = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
+libloading = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
 
 # Ventoy bootable image support
-ventoy-img = { path = "libs/ventoy-img-rs" }
-
-# ATX (GPIO control)
-gpio-cdev = "0.6"
-
-# H264 hardware/software encoding (hwcodec from rustdesk)
-hwcodec = { path = "libs/hwcodec" }
+ventoy-img = { path = "libs/ventoy-img-rs", optional = true }
 
 # RustDesk protocol support
-protobuf = { version = "3.7", features = ["with-bytes"] }
-sodiumoxide = "0.2"
-sha2 = "0.10"
-# High-performance pixel format conversion (libyuv)
-libyuv = { path = "res/vcpkg/libyuv" }
-
+protobuf = { version = "3.7", features = ["with-bytes"], optional = true }
+sodiumoxide = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
+des = { version = "0.9", optional = true }
+sha2 = { version = "0.11", optional = true }
 # TypeScript type generation
-typeshare = "1.0"
+typeshare = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
 
-[dev-dependencies]
-tempfile = "3"
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", windows))'.dependencies]
+# Video encoding/decoding (FFmpeg/libjpeg-turbo/libyuv; available on Windows and Linux)
+hwcodec = { path = "libs/hwcodec", features = ["bytes"], optional = true }
+libyuv = { path = "res/vcpkg/libyuv", optional = true }
+turbojpeg = { version = "1.3", optional = true }
+# Note: audiopus links to libopus.so (unavoidable for audio support)
+audiopus = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
+one-kvm-bluetooth-hid = { path = "libs/bluetooth-hid", optional = true }
+
+# Utilities
+nix = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "socket", "net", "hostname", "poll"], optional = true }
+
+# Video capture (V4L2)
+v4l2r = { path = "libs/v4l2r", optional = true }
+
+# Audio (ALSA capture)
+alsa = { version = "0.11", optional = true }
+
+# ATX (GPIO control)
+gpio-cdev = { version = "0.6", optional = true }
+
+[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
+cpal = { version = "0.18", default-features = false, optional = true }
+windows-sys = { version = "0.61", features = [
+    "Win32_Foundation",
+    "Win32_NetworkManagement_IpHelper",
+    "Win32_NetworkManagement_Ndis",
+    "Win32_Networking_WinSock",
+    "Win32_System_SystemInformation",
+    "Win32_System_Threading",
+], optional = true }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 protobuf-codegen = "3.7"

Cross.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Cross-compilation configuration for One-KVM
-# Uses pre-built custom Debian 11 based images for consistent build/runtime environment
+# Uses pre-built custom Debian 12 based images for consistent build/runtime environment
 # See: https://github.com/cross-rs/cross
 
 [build]

README.en.md

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ Goals: an open, lightweight, easy-to-use IP-KVM stack.
 - **Lightweight**: shipped as a binary with minimal moving parts for deployment.
 - **Easy to use**: no hand-edited config files required; settings are done in the web UI.
 
+For more information, see the [One-KVM Rust documentation](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/).
+
 > **One-KVM (Python)** is no longer maintained. If you still need it, see <https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/tree/python>.
 
 <div align="center">
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ Goals: an open, lightweight, easy-to-use IP-KVM stack.
 
 ## Features
 
-### Core
+**Core**
 
 | Area | Capabilities |
 |------|----------------|
@@ -40,11 +42,9 @@ Goals: an open, lightweight, easy-to-use IP-KVM stack.
 | Video encoding | VAAPI / QSV / RKMPP / V4L2 M2M hardware paths, with software fallback |
 | Keyboard & mouse | USB OTG HID or CH340 + CH9329 HID; absolute / relative mouse |
 | Virtual media | USB mass storage; ISO/IMG mount and Ventoy-style virtual USB |
-| ATX power | GPIO or USB relay; power and reset control |
+| ATX power | GPIO or USB relay; power control |
 | Audio | ALSA capture + Opus (HTTP / WebRTC) |
 
-The web UI supports visual configuration and Chinese/English locales. Built-ins include a web terminal (ttyd), intranet tunnel (gostc), P2P (EasyTier), RustDesk protocol (optional cross-platform remote access), and RTSP streaming.
-
 ## Installation
 
 Release artifacts are on [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/releases). Below are short paths for common setups. For **system requirements, hardware, Docker env vars, USB OTG**, and full troubleshooting, see the [One-KVM documentation](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/) (Chinese; use a translator if needed).
@@ -216,15 +216,22 @@ One-KVM builds on many great open-source projects; a lot of time goes into testi
 
 - 爱发电用户_d3d9c
 
+- 爱发电用户_97b41
+
+- 偶然
+
+- 爱发电用户_dba45
+
+- 爱发电用户_d4f8b
+
+- 故人。
+
 - ......
 
 </details>
 
 ### Sponsors
 
-**Mirror Download Services:**
-- **[Chongqing University Open Source Software Mirror](https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/)** — provides mirror download services
-
 **File hosting**
 
 - **[Huang1111 public-interest program](https://pan.huang1111.cn/s/mxkx3T1)** — login-free downloads
@@ -236,3 +243,9 @@ One-KVM builds on many great open-source projects; a lot of time goes into testi
 ![林枫云](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/img/36076FEFF0898A80EBD5756D28F4076C.png)
 
 林枫云 offers premium network routes, high-frequency game servers, and high-bandwidth servers in China and abroad.
+
+- **[Beta Network](https://my.beita.cc/?ref=github_onekvm)** — project server sponsorship
+
+![BTBT](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c442d5f5-d72f-4a07-b9f4-400a6a0c3f1e)
+
+Remote computers, consumer GPU servers, and dedicated physical machines with fully automated online delivery.

README.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 ---
 
-## 📖 项目概述
+## 项目概述
 
 **One-KVM Rust** 是一个用 Rust 编写的轻量级 IP-KVM 解决方案，可通过网络远程管理服务器和工作站，实现 BIOS 级远程控制。
 
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 - **轻量**：以二进制文件形式分发，无繁杂的依赖项，部署过程简单。
 - **易用**：无需手动编辑配置文件，参数设置均可通过网页界面完成。
 
+更多内容可访问 [One-KVM Rust 文档站点](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/)。
+
 > **One-KVM Python** 已停止开发，如有需要可访问 <https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/tree/python>。
 
 <div align="center">
@@ -30,9 +32,9 @@
 
 </div>
 
-## 📊 功能介绍
+## 功能介绍
 
-### 核心功能
+**核心功能**
 
 | 功能 | 能力说明 |
 |------|------|
@@ -40,12 +42,10 @@
 | 视频编码 | VAAPI/QSV/RKMPP/V4L2M2M 硬件编码支持，以及软件编码兜底 |
 | 键鼠控制 | USB OTG HID 或 CH340 + CH9329 HID，支持绝对/相对鼠标模式 |
 | 虚拟媒体 | USB Mass Storage，支持 ISO/IMG 镜像挂载和 Ventoy 虚拟U盘模式 |
-| ATX 电源控制 | GPIO /USB 继电器，支持控制电源、重启按钮 |
+| ATX 电源控制 | GPIO/USB 继电器，支持电源控制 |
 | 音频传输 | ALSA 采集 + Opus 编码（HTTP/WebRTC） |
 
-此外提供基于 Web UI 的可视化配置与中英文界面；并集成 Web 终端（ttyd）、内网穿透（gostc）、P2P 组网（EasyTier）、RustDesk 协议（扩展跨平台远程访问）以及 RTSP 推流等能力。
-
-## ⚡ 安装使用
+## 安装使用
 
 构建产物见 [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/releases)。以下为常见安装方式的简要步骤；**系统要求、硬件准备、Docker 环境变量与 USB OTG 等完整说明**请查阅 [One-KVM Rust 文档站点](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/)。
 
@@ -210,6 +210,16 @@ One-KVM 已上架飞牛 **应用市场**，在 NAS 上直接搜索安装即可
 
 - 爱发电用户_d3d9c
 
+- 爱发电用户_97b41
+
+- 偶然
+
+- 爱发电用户_dba45
+
+- 爱发电用户_d4f8b
+
+- 故人。
+
 - ......
 
 </details>
@@ -218,9 +228,6 @@ One-KVM 已上架飞牛 **应用市场**，在 NAS 上直接搜索安装即可
 
 本项目得到以下赞助商的支持：
 
-**镜像下载服务：**
-- **[重庆大学开源软件镜像站](https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/)** - 提供镜像站下载服务
-
 **文件存储服务：**
 - **[Huang1111公益计划](https://pan.huang1111.cn/s/mxkx3T1)** - 提供免登录下载服务
 
@@ -228,6 +235,12 @@ One-KVM 已上架飞牛 **应用市场**，在 NAS 上直接搜索安装即可
 
 - **[林枫云](https://www.dkdun.cn)** - 赞助了本项目服务器
 
-![林枫云](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/img/36076FEFF0898A80EBD5756D28F4076C.png)
+  <img  height="128" alt="林枫云" src="https://docs.one-kvm.cn/img/36076FEFF0898A80EBD5756D28F4076C.png" />
 
-林枫云主营国内外地域的精品线路业务服务器、高主频游戏服务器和大带宽服务器。
+  林枫云主营国内外地域的精品线路业务服务器、高主频游戏服务器和大带宽服务器。
+
+- **[贝塔网络](https://my.beita.cc/?ref=github_onekvm)** - 赞助了本项目服务器
+
+  <img height="128" alt="BTBT" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c442d5f5-d72f-4a07-b9f4-400a6a0c3f1e" />
+
+  远程电脑、消费级GPU服务器、独服物理机，全自动在线交付。

build.rs

@@ -2,21 +2,6 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 fn main() {
-    // Set BUILD_DATE environment variable for compile-time access
-    // Use system time to avoid adding chrono as a build dependency
-    let now = std::time::SystemTime::now();
-    let duration = now.duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
-    let secs = duration.as_secs();
-
-    // Convert Unix timestamp to date (simplified calculation)
-    // Days since epoch
-    let days = secs / 86400;
-    // Calculate year, month, day from days since 1970-01-01
-    let (year, month, day) = days_to_ymd(days as i64);
-    let build_date = format!("{:04}-{:02}-{:02}", year, month, day);
-
-    println!("cargo:rustc-env=BUILD_DATE={}", build_date);
-
     // Compile protobuf files for RustDesk protocol
     compile_protos();
 
@@ -86,19 +71,3 @@ pub mod rustdesk {
 
     fs::write(&dest_path, code).expect("Failed to write secrets_generated.rs");
 }
-
-/// Convert days since Unix epoch to year-month-day
-fn days_to_ymd(days: i64) -> (i32, u32, u32) {
-    // Algorithm from http://howardhinnant.github.io/date_algorithms.html
-    let z = days + 719468;
-    let era = if z >= 0 { z } else { z - 146096 } / 146097;
-    let doe = (z - era * 146097) as u32;
-    let yoe = (doe - doe / 1460 + doe / 36524 - doe / 146096) / 365;
-    let y = yoe as i64 + era * 400;
-    let doy = doe - (365 * yoe + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100);
-    let mp = (5 * doy + 2) / 153;
-    let d = doy - (153 * mp + 2) / 5 + 1;
-    let m = if mp < 10 { mp + 3 } else { mp - 9 };
-    let year = if m <= 2 { y + 1 } else { y };
-    (year as i32, m, d)
-}

build/Dockerfile.runtime

@@ -1,24 +1,30 @@
 # One-KVM Runtime Image
 # This Dockerfile only packages pre-compiled binaries (no compilation)
 # Used after cross-compiling with `cross build`
-# Using Debian 11 for maximum compatibility (GLIBC 2.31)
+# Using Debian 12 to match the build images (GLIBC 2.36)
 
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM=linux/amd64
 
-FROM debian:11-slim
+FROM debian:12-slim
 
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 
 # Install runtime dependencies in a single layer
 # All codec libraries (libx264, libx265, libopus) are now statically linked
 # Only hardware acceleration drivers and core system libraries remain dynamic
-RUN sed -i 's/ main$/ main contrib non-free/' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+RUN sed -i 's/^Components: main$/Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources && \
     apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         # Core runtime (all platforms) - no codec libs needed
         ca-certificates \
+        # Bluetooth HID uses the host BlueZ system bus; btmgmt manages a dedicated adapter.
+        bluez \
         libudev1 \
         libasound2 \
+        # OTG Ethernet bridge control (nmcli talks to the host NetworkManager over D-Bus)
+        network-manager \
+        iproute2 \
+        iputils-ping \
         # v4l2 is handled by kernel, minimal userspace needed
         libv4l-0 \
         && \

build/Dockerfile.runtime-full

@@ -1,24 +1,30 @@
 # One-KVM Runtime Image (full)
 # This Dockerfile only packages pre-compiled binaries (no compilation)
 # Used after cross-compiling with `cross build`
-# Using Debian 11 for maximum compatibility (GLIBC 2.31)
+# Using Debian 12 to match the build images (GLIBC 2.36)
 
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM=linux/amd64
 
-FROM debian:11-slim
+FROM debian:12-slim
 
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 
 # Install runtime dependencies in a single layer
 # All codec libraries (libx264, libx265, libopus) are now statically linked
 # Only hardware acceleration drivers and core system libraries remain dynamic
-RUN sed -i 's/ main$/ main contrib non-free/' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+RUN sed -i 's/^Components: main$/Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware/' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources && \
     apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         # Core runtime (all platforms) - no codec libs needed
         ca-certificates \
+        # Bluetooth HID uses the host BlueZ system bus; btmgmt manages a dedicated adapter.
+        bluez \
         libudev1 \
         libasound2 \
+        # OTG Ethernet bridge control (nmcli talks to the host NetworkManager over D-Bus)
+        network-manager \
+        iproute2 \
+        iputils-ping \
         # v4l2 is handled by kernel, minimal userspace needed
         libv4l-0 \
         && \

build/build-images.sh

@@ -19,6 +19,28 @@ ARCH_MAP=(
 build_arch() {
     local rust_target="$1"
 
+    case "${CHINAMIRRO:-}" in
+        1|true|TRUE|yes|YES|on|ON)
+            local cross_build_opts="${CROSS_BUILD_OPTS:+$CROSS_BUILD_OPTS }--progress=plain --build-arg CHINAMIRRO=1 --build-arg GH_PROXY=${GH_PROXY:-https://gh-proxy.com/} --build-arg DEBIAN_IMAGE=${DEBIAN_IMAGE:-docker.1ms.run/library/debian:12}"
+            cross_build_opts="$cross_build_opts --build-arg HTTP_PROXY= --build-arg HTTPS_PROXY= --build-arg ALL_PROXY= --build-arg NO_PROXY="
+            cross_build_opts="$cross_build_opts --build-arg http_proxy= --build-arg https_proxy= --build-arg all_proxy= --build-arg no_proxy="
+            echo "=== China mirror acceleration: enabled ==="
+            echo "=== Building: $rust_target (via cross with custom Dockerfile) ==="
+            env \
+                CROSS_BUILD_OPTS="$cross_build_opts" \
+                CARGO_SOURCE_CRATES_IO_REPLACE_WITH=rsproxy-sparse \
+                CARGO_SOURCE_RSPROXY_REGISTRY=https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index \
+                CARGO_SOURCE_RSPROXY_SPARSE_REGISTRY=sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/ \
+                CARGO_REGISTRIES_RSPROXY_INDEX=https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index \
+                CARGO_REGISTRIES_CRATES_IO_PROTOCOL=sparse \
+                CARGO_NET_GIT_FETCH_WITH_CLI=true \
+                RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://rsproxy.cn \
+                RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://rsproxy.cn/rustup \
+                cross build --release --target "$rust_target"
+            return
+            ;;
+    esac
+
     echo "=== Building: $rust_target (via cross with custom Dockerfile) ==="
     cross build --release --target "$rust_target"
 }
@@ -49,6 +71,7 @@ case "${1:-all}" in
         echo "Examples:"
         echo "  $0              # Build all"
         echo "  $0 x86_64       # Build x86_64 only"
+        echo "  CHINAMIRRO=1 $0 arm64  # Build with China mirrors"
         exit 0
         ;;
     *)
@@ -65,16 +88,4 @@ for target in "${ARCH_MAP[@]}"; do
     fi
 done
 echo ""
-echo "Static libraries:"
-for target in "${ARCH_MAP[@]}"; do
-    case "$target" in
-        x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu) gnu_target="x86_64-linux-gnu" ;;
-        aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu) gnu_target="aarch64-linux-gnu" ;;
-        armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf) gnu_target="armv7-linux-gnueabihf" ;;
-    esac
-    if [ -d "$PROJECT_DIR/target/one-kvm-libs/$gnu_target/lib" ]; then
-        echo "  $gnu_target: OK"
-    fi
-done
-echo ""
 echo "Next step: ./build/package-docker.sh or ./build/package-deb.sh"

build/cross/Dockerfile.arm64

@@ -1,21 +1,55 @@
-# Cross-compilation image for ARM64 based on Debian 11
-# Build on Debian 11 (GLIBC 2.31) for maximum runtime compatibility
+# Cross-compilation image for ARM64 based on Debian 12
+# Build on Debian 12 (GLIBC 2.36) to match the runtime images
 
-FROM debian:11
+ARG DEBIAN_IMAGE=debian:12
+FROM ${DEBIAN_IMAGE}
 
-# Linux headers used by v4l2r bindgen
-ARG LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION=6.6
-ARG LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256=
+ARG CHINAMIRRO=0
+ARG GH_PROXY=https://gh-proxy.com/
+ARG RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN=https://rsproxy.cn
+ARG RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN=https://rsproxy.cn/rustup
+ARG CARGO_INDEX_CN=https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index
+ARG CARGO_REGISTRY_CN=sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/
+ARG LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION=3.1.4.1
+ARG LIBYUV_REV=957f295ea946cbbd13fcfc46e7066f2efa801233
+ARG LIBVPX_VERSION=1.16.0
+ARG X265_VERSION=3.4
+ARG OPUS_VERSION=1.5.2
+ARG RKMPP_BRANCH=jellyfin-mpp
+ARG RKRGA_BRANCH=jellyfin-rga
+ARG FFMPEG_ROCKCHIP_REV=40c412daccf08164493da0de990eb99a8948116b
 
-# Set Rustup mirrors (Aliyun)
-#ENV RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup \
-#    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup
+# Optionally use China mirrors for builds in China.
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        sed -i -E \
+            -e 's@http://deb.debian.org/debian([[:space:]]|$)@http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian\1@g' \
+            /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources; \
+    fi
 
 # Install Rust toolchain
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     curl \
     ca-certificates \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=${RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN}; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=${RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN}; \
+    fi \
     && curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        mkdir -p /root/.cargo; \
+        printf '%s\n' \
+            '[source.crates-io]' \
+            "replace-with = 'rsproxy-sparse'" \
+            '[source.rsproxy]' \
+            "registry = '${CARGO_INDEX_CN}'" \
+            '[source.rsproxy-sparse]' \
+            "registry = '${CARGO_REGISTRY_CN}'" \
+            '[registries.rsproxy]' \
+            "index = '${CARGO_INDEX_CN}'" \
+            '[net]' \
+            'git-fetch-with-cli = true' \
+            > /root/.cargo/config.toml; \
+    fi \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
@@ -49,6 +83,8 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 
 # Install ARM64 development libraries (without VAAPI/X11 for ARM)
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    libssl3 \
+    libssl3:arm64 \
     libasound2-dev:arm64 \
     libv4l-dev:arm64 \
     libudev-dev:arm64 \
@@ -58,23 +94,18 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     libdrm-dev:arm64 \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Install newer V4L2 headers for v4l2r bindgen
-RUN mkdir -p /opt/v4l2-headers \
-    && wget -q https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz \
-    && if [ -n "$LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256" ]; then echo "$LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256  /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz" | sha256sum -c -; fi \
-    && tar -xf /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz -C /tmp \
-    && cd /tmp/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION} \
-    && make ARCH=arm64 headers_install INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/v4l2-headers \
-    && rm -rf /tmp/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION} /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz
-
-ENV V4L2R_VIDEODEV2_H_PATH=/opt/v4l2-headers/include
-
 # Build static libjpeg-turbo from source (cross-compile for ARM64)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
     && cd /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/${LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && mkdir build && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu \
+        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=aarch64 \
         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
@@ -84,8 +115,13 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo /tmp/libj
     && rm -rf /tmp/libjpeg-turbo
 
 # Build static libyuv from source (cross-compile for ARM64)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv /tmp/libyuv \
+RUN git init /tmp/libyuv \
     && cd /tmp/libyuv \
+    && github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin ${LIBYUV_REV} \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && mkdir build && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu \
@@ -93,14 +129,24 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv /tmp/libyuv \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=aarch64 \
         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \
+        -DJPEG_FOUND=TRUE \
+        -DJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/include \
+        -DJPEG_LIBRARY=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/libjpeg.a \
+        -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-DHAVE_JPEG -I/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/include" \
+        -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-DHAVE_JPEG -I/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/include" \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
     && rm -rf /tmp/libyuv
 
 # Build static libvpx from source (cross-compile for ARM64)
 # CC/CXX/LD/AR must be environment variables, not configure arguments
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx /tmp/libvpx \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/libvpx \
     && cd /tmp/libvpx \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/v${LIBVPX_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && echo "=== libvpx: Configuring for ARM64 ===" \
     && export CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
     && export CXX=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \
@@ -123,7 +169,9 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx /tmp/libvpx \
     && rm -rf /tmp/libvpx
 
 # Build static libx264 from source (cross-compile for ARM64)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git /tmp/x264 \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git clone --depth 1 "${github_prefix}https://github.com/mirror/x264.git" /tmp/x264 \
     && cd /tmp/x264 \
     && export CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
     && export AR=aarch64-linux-gnu-ar \
@@ -139,12 +187,18 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git /tmp/x264 \
     && rm -rf /tmp/x264
 
 # Build static libx265 from source (cross-compile for ARM64)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://bitbucket.org/multicoreware/x265_git /tmp/x265 \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/x265 \
     && cd /tmp/x265 \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/videolan/x265.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/${X265_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && cd source \
     && mkdir -p build \
     && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+        -DCMAKE_ASM_NASM_FLAGS="-w-macro-params-legacy" \
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=aarch64 \
@@ -178,12 +232,15 @@ Cflags: -I\${includedir}
 EOF
 
 # Build static libopus from source (cross-compile for ARM64)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/xiph/opus /tmp/opus \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && wget -O /tmp/opus.tar.gz "${github_prefix}https://github.com/xiph/opus/releases/download/v${OPUS_VERSION}/opus-${OPUS_VERSION}.tar.gz" \
+    && tar -xzf /tmp/opus.tar.gz -C /tmp \
+    && mv "/tmp/opus-${OPUS_VERSION}" /tmp/opus \
     && cd /tmp/opus \
     && export CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
     && export AR=aarch64-linux-gnu-ar \
     && export RANLIB=aarch64-linux-gnu-ranlib \
-    && ./autogen.sh \
     && ./configure \
         --prefix=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu \
         --host=aarch64-linux-gnu \
@@ -191,13 +248,20 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/xiph/opus /tmp/opus \
         --disable-doc \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
-    && rm -rf /tmp/opus
+    && rm -rf /tmp/opus /tmp/opus.tar.gz
 
 # Download and build FFmpeg with RKMPP support
 RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
-    && wget -q https://files.mofeng.run/src/image/other/ffmpeg.tar.gz \
-    && tar -xzf ffmpeg.tar.gz \
-    && cd ffmpeg \
+    && github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git clone --depth 1 --branch ${RKMPP_BRANCH} "${github_prefix}https://github.com/nyanmisaka/mpp.git" rkmpp \
+    && git clone --depth 1 --branch ${RKRGA_BRANCH} "${github_prefix}https://github.com/nyanmisaka/rk-mirrors.git" rkrga \
+    && git init ffmpeg-rockchip \
+    && cd ffmpeg-rockchip \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/nyanmisaka/ffmpeg-rockchip.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin ${FFMPEG_ROCKCHIP_REV} \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
+    && cd .. \
     # Build RKMPP
     && mkdir -p rkmpp/build && cd rkmpp/build \
     && cmake .. \
@@ -212,6 +276,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
     && sed -i 's/^Libs:.*$/& -lstdc++ -lm -lpthread/' /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/pkgconfig/rockchip_mpp.pc \
+    && rm -f /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/librockchip_mpp.so* \
     && cd ../.. \
     # Build RKRGA - create cross file for meson
     && echo '[binaries]' > /tmp/aarch64-cross.txt \
@@ -239,6 +304,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && ar rcs /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/librga.a $(find build -name '*.o') \
     && ranlib /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/librga.a \
     && sed -i 's/^Libs:.*$/& -lstdc++ -lm -lpthread/' /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/pkgconfig/librga.pc \
+    && rm -f /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/librga.so* \
     && cd .. \
     # Create pkg-config wrapper for cross-compilation
     && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /tmp/aarch64-pkg-config \
@@ -327,7 +393,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && rm -rf /tmp/ffmpeg-build /tmp/aarch64-cross.txt /tmp/aarch64-pkg-config
 
 # Add Rust target
-RUN rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=${RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN}; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=${RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN}; \
+    fi \
+    && rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
 
 # Configure environment for cross-compilation
 ENV CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
@@ -341,4 +411,4 @@ ENV CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
     LIBYUV_STATIC=1 \
     OPUS_STATIC=1 \
     PKG_CONFIG_ALL_STATIC=1 \
-    RUSTFLAGS="-C linker=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"
+    RUSTFLAGS="-C linker=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -C link-arg=-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition"

build/cross/Dockerfile.armv7

@@ -1,21 +1,55 @@
-# Cross-compilation image for ARMv7 based on Debian 11
-# Build on Debian 11 (GLIBC 2.31) for maximum runtime compatibility
+# Cross-compilation image for ARMv7 based on Debian 12
+# Build on Debian 12 (GLIBC 2.36) to match the runtime images
 
-FROM debian:11
+ARG DEBIAN_IMAGE=debian:12
+FROM ${DEBIAN_IMAGE}
 
-# Linux headers used by v4l2r bindgen
-ARG LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION=6.6
-ARG LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256=
+ARG CHINAMIRRO=0
+ARG GH_PROXY=https://gh-proxy.com/
+ARG RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN=https://rsproxy.cn
+ARG RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN=https://rsproxy.cn/rustup
+ARG CARGO_INDEX_CN=https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index
+ARG CARGO_REGISTRY_CN=sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/
+ARG LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION=3.1.4.1
+ARG LIBYUV_REV=957f295ea946cbbd13fcfc46e7066f2efa801233
+ARG LIBVPX_VERSION=1.16.0
+ARG X265_VERSION=3.4
+ARG OPUS_VERSION=1.5.2
+ARG RKMPP_BRANCH=jellyfin-mpp
+ARG RKRGA_BRANCH=jellyfin-rga
+ARG FFMPEG_ROCKCHIP_REV=40c412daccf08164493da0de990eb99a8948116b
 
-# Set Rustup mirrors (Aliyun)
-#ENV RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup \
-#    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup
+# Optionally use China mirrors for builds in China.
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        sed -i -E \
+            -e 's@http://deb.debian.org/debian([[:space:]]|$)@http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian\1@g' \
+            /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources; \
+    fi
 
 # Install Rust toolchain
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     curl \
     ca-certificates \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=${RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN}; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=${RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN}; \
+    fi \
     && curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        mkdir -p /root/.cargo; \
+        printf '%s\n' \
+            '[source.crates-io]' \
+            "replace-with = 'rsproxy-sparse'" \
+            '[source.rsproxy]' \
+            "registry = '${CARGO_INDEX_CN}'" \
+            '[source.rsproxy-sparse]' \
+            "registry = '${CARGO_REGISTRY_CN}'" \
+            '[registries.rsproxy]' \
+            "index = '${CARGO_INDEX_CN}'" \
+            '[net]' \
+            'git-fetch-with-cli = true' \
+            > /root/.cargo/config.toml; \
+    fi \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
@@ -49,6 +83,8 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 
 # Install ARMv7 development libraries (without VAAPI/X11 for ARM)
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    libssl3 \
+    libssl3:armhf \
     libasound2-dev:armhf \
     libv4l-dev:armhf \
     libudev-dev:armhf \
@@ -57,23 +93,18 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     libdrm-dev:armhf \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Install newer V4L2 headers for v4l2r bindgen
-RUN mkdir -p /opt/v4l2-headers \
-    && wget -q https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz \
-    && if [ -n "$LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256" ]; then echo "$LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256  /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz" | sha256sum -c -; fi \
-    && tar -xf /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz -C /tmp \
-    && cd /tmp/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION} \
-    && make ARCH=arm headers_install INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/v4l2-headers \
-    && rm -rf /tmp/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION} /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz
-
-ENV V4L2R_VIDEODEV2_H_PATH=/opt/v4l2-headers/include
-
 # Build static libjpeg-turbo from source (cross-compile for ARMv7)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
     && cd /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/${LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && mkdir build && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf \
+        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=arm \
         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
@@ -83,8 +114,13 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo /tmp/libj
     && rm -rf /tmp/libjpeg-turbo
 
 # Build static libyuv from source (cross-compile for ARMv7)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv /tmp/libyuv \
+RUN git init /tmp/libyuv \
     && cd /tmp/libyuv \
+    && github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin ${LIBYUV_REV} \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && mkdir build && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf \
@@ -92,13 +128,23 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv /tmp/libyuv \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=arm \
         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ \
+        -DJPEG_FOUND=TRUE \
+        -DJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include \
+        -DJPEG_LIBRARY=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/libjpeg.a \
+        -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-DHAVE_JPEG -I/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include" \
+        -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-DHAVE_JPEG -I/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include" \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
     && rm -rf /tmp/libyuv
 
 # Build static libvpx from source (cross-compile for ARMv7)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx /tmp/libvpx \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/libvpx \
     && cd /tmp/libvpx \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/v${LIBVPX_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
     && export CXX=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ \
     && export LD=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ld \
@@ -115,7 +161,9 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx /tmp/libvpx \
     && rm -rf /tmp/libvpx
 
 # Build static libx264 from source (cross-compile for ARMv7)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git /tmp/x264 \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git clone --depth 1 "${github_prefix}https://github.com/mirror/x264.git" /tmp/x264 \
     && cd /tmp/x264 \
     && export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
     && export AR=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar \
@@ -132,12 +180,18 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git /tmp/x264 \
     && rm -rf /tmp/x264
 
 # Build static libx265 from source (cross-compile for ARMv7)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://bitbucket.org/multicoreware/x265_git /tmp/x265 \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/x265 \
     && cd /tmp/x265 \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/videolan/x265.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/${X265_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && cd source \
     && mkdir -p build \
     && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+        -DCMAKE_ASM_NASM_FLAGS="-w-macro-params-legacy" \
         -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=arm \
@@ -167,12 +221,15 @@ Cflags: -I\${includedir}
 EOF
 
 # Build static libopus from source (cross-compile for ARMv7)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/xiph/opus /tmp/opus \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && wget -O /tmp/opus.tar.gz "${github_prefix}https://github.com/xiph/opus/releases/download/v${OPUS_VERSION}/opus-${OPUS_VERSION}.tar.gz" \
+    && tar -xzf /tmp/opus.tar.gz -C /tmp \
+    && mv "/tmp/opus-${OPUS_VERSION}" /tmp/opus \
     && cd /tmp/opus \
     && export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
     && export AR=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar \
     && export RANLIB=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ranlib \
-    && ./autogen.sh \
     && ./configure \
         --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf \
         --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf \
@@ -180,13 +237,20 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/xiph/opus /tmp/opus \
         --disable-doc \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
-    && rm -rf /tmp/opus
+    && rm -rf /tmp/opus /tmp/opus.tar.gz
 
 # Download and build FFmpeg with RKMPP support
 RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
-    && wget -q https://files.mofeng.run/src/image/other/ffmpeg.tar.gz \
-    && tar -xzf ffmpeg.tar.gz \
-    && cd ffmpeg \
+    && github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git clone --depth 1 --branch ${RKMPP_BRANCH} "${github_prefix}https://github.com/nyanmisaka/mpp.git" rkmpp \
+    && git clone --depth 1 --branch ${RKRGA_BRANCH} "${github_prefix}https://github.com/nyanmisaka/rk-mirrors.git" rkrga \
+    && git init ffmpeg-rockchip \
+    && cd ffmpeg-rockchip \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/nyanmisaka/ffmpeg-rockchip.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin ${FFMPEG_ROCKCHIP_REV} \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
+    && cd .. \
     # Build RKMPP
     && mkdir -p rkmpp/build && cd rkmpp/build \
     && cmake .. \
@@ -201,6 +265,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
     && sed -i 's/^Libs:.*$/& -lstdc++ -lm -lpthread/' /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/pkgconfig/rockchip_mpp.pc \
+    && rm -f /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/librockchip_mpp.so* \
     && cd ../.. \
     # Build RKRGA - create cross file for meson
     && echo '[binaries]' > /tmp/armhf-cross.txt \
@@ -228,6 +293,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && ar rcs /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/librga.a $(find build -name '*.o') \
     && ranlib /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/librga.a \
     && sed -i 's/^Libs:.*$/& -lstdc++ -lm -lpthread/' /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/pkgconfig/librga.pc \
+    && rm -f /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/librga.so* \
     && cd .. \
     # Create pkg-config wrapper for cross-compilation
     && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /tmp/armhf-pkg-config \
@@ -316,7 +382,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && rm -rf /tmp/ffmpeg-build /tmp/armhf-cross.txt /tmp/armhf-pkg-config
 
 # Add Rust target
-RUN rustup target add armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=${RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN}; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=${RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN}; \
+    fi \
+    && rustup target add armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
 
 # Configure environment for cross-compilation
 ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNUEABIHF_LINKER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
@@ -330,7 +400,7 @@ ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNUEABIHF_LINKER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
     LIBYUV_STATIC=1 \
     OPUS_STATIC=1 \
     PKG_CONFIG_ALL_STATIC=1 \
-    RUSTFLAGS="-C linker=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc"
+    RUSTFLAGS="-C linker=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -C link-arg=-Wl,--allow-multiple-definition"
 
 # Default command
 CMD ["bash"]

build/cross/Dockerfile.x86_64

@@ -1,21 +1,53 @@
-# Cross-compilation image for x86_64 based on Debian 11
-# Build on Debian 11 (GLIBC 2.31) for maximum runtime compatibility
+# Cross-compilation image for x86_64 based on Debian 12
+# Build on Debian 12 (GLIBC 2.36) to match the runtime images
 
-FROM debian:11
+ARG DEBIAN_IMAGE=debian:12
+FROM ${DEBIAN_IMAGE}
 
-# Linux headers used by v4l2r bindgen
-ARG LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION=6.6
-ARG LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256=
+ARG CHINAMIRRO=0
+ARG GH_PROXY=https://gh-proxy.com/
+ARG RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN=https://rsproxy.cn
+ARG RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN=https://rsproxy.cn/rustup
+ARG CARGO_INDEX_CN=https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index
+ARG CARGO_REGISTRY_CN=sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/
+ARG LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION=3.1.4.1
+ARG LIBYUV_REV=957f295ea946cbbd13fcfc46e7066f2efa801233
+ARG LIBVPX_VERSION=1.16.0
+ARG X265_VERSION=3.4
+ARG OPUS_VERSION=1.5.2
+ARG FFMPEG_ROCKCHIP_REV=40c412daccf08164493da0de990eb99a8948116b
 
-# Set Rustup mirrors (Aliyun)
-#ENV RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup \
-#    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup
+# Optionally use China mirrors for builds in China.
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        sed -i -E \
+            -e 's@http://deb.debian.org/debian([[:space:]]|$)@http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian\1@g' \
+            /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources; \
+    fi
 
 # Install Rust toolchain
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     curl \
     ca-certificates \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=${RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN}; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=${RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN}; \
+    fi \
     && curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        mkdir -p /root/.cargo; \
+        printf '%s\n' \
+            '[source.crates-io]' \
+            "replace-with = 'rsproxy-sparse'" \
+            '[source.rsproxy]' \
+            "registry = '${CARGO_INDEX_CN}'" \
+            '[source.rsproxy-sparse]' \
+            "registry = '${CARGO_REGISTRY_CN}'" \
+            '[registries.rsproxy]' \
+            "index = '${CARGO_INDEX_CN}'" \
+            '[net]' \
+            'git-fetch-with-cli = true' \
+            > /root/.cargo/config.toml; \
+    fi \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
@@ -56,48 +88,62 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     libxdmcp-dev \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-# Install newer V4L2 headers for v4l2r bindgen
-RUN mkdir -p /opt/v4l2-headers \
-    && wget -q https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz \
-    && if [ -n "$LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256" ]; then echo "$LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256  /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz" | sha256sum -c -; fi \
-    && tar -xf /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz -C /tmp \
-    && cd /tmp/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION} \
-    && make ARCH=x86 headers_install INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/v4l2-headers \
-    && rm -rf /tmp/linux-${LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION} /tmp/linux-headers.tar.xz
-
-ENV V4L2R_VIDEODEV2_H_PATH=/opt/v4l2-headers/include
-
 # Build static libjpeg-turbo from source (needed by libyuv)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
     && cd /tmp/libjpeg-turbo \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/${LIBJPEG_TURBO_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && mkdir build && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
+        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \
         -DENABLE_SHARED=OFF -DENABLE_STATIC=ON \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
     && rm -rf /tmp/libjpeg-turbo
 
 # Build static libyuv from source (uses libjpeg-turbo headers)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv /tmp/libyuv \
+RUN git init /tmp/libyuv \
     && cd /tmp/libyuv \
+    && github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin ${LIBYUV_REV} \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && mkdir build && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+        -DJPEG_FOUND=TRUE \
+        -DJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/include \
+        -DJPEG_LIBRARY=/usr/local/lib/libjpeg.a \
+        -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-DHAVE_JPEG -I/usr/local/include" \
+        -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-DHAVE_JPEG -I/usr/local/include" \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
     && rm -rf /tmp/libyuv
 
 # Build static libvpx from source
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx /tmp/libvpx \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/libvpx \
     && cd /tmp/libvpx \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/webmproject/libvpx.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/v${LIBVPX_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && ./configure \
         --enable-static --disable-shared --enable-pic \
         --disable-examples --disable-tools --disable-docs \
+        --disable-unit-tests \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
     && rm -rf /tmp/libvpx
 
 # Build static libx264 from source
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git /tmp/x264 \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git clone --depth 1 "${github_prefix}https://github.com/mirror/x264.git" /tmp/x264 \
     && cd /tmp/x264 \
     && ./configure --enable-static --disable-cli \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
@@ -105,12 +151,18 @@ RUN git clone --depth 1 https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git /tmp/x264 \
     && rm -rf /tmp/x264
 
 # Build static libx265 from source
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://bitbucket.org/multicoreware/x265_git /tmp/x265 \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init /tmp/x265 \
     && cd /tmp/x265 \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/videolan/x265.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin "refs/tags/${X265_VERSION}" \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && cd source \
     && mkdir -p build \
     && cd build \
     && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+        -DCMAKE_ASM_NASM_FLAGS="-w-macro-params-legacy" \
         -DENABLE_SHARED=OFF \
         -DENABLE_CLI=OFF \
         -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF \
@@ -135,21 +187,28 @@ Cflags: -I\${includedir}
 EOF
 
 # Build static libopus from source
-RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/xiph/opus /tmp/opus \
+RUN github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && wget -O /tmp/opus.tar.gz "${github_prefix}https://github.com/xiph/opus/releases/download/v${OPUS_VERSION}/opus-${OPUS_VERSION}.tar.gz" \
+    && tar -xzf /tmp/opus.tar.gz -C /tmp \
+    && mv "/tmp/opus-${OPUS_VERSION}" /tmp/opus \
     && cd /tmp/opus \
-    && ./autogen.sh \
     && ./configure \
         --enable-static --disable-shared \
         --disable-doc \
     && make -j$(nproc) \
     && make install \
-    && rm -rf /tmp/opus
+    && rm -rf /tmp/opus /tmp/opus.tar.gz
 
 # Download and build FFmpeg with minimal configuration for encoding only
 RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
-    && wget -q https://files.mofeng.run/src/image/other/ffmpeg.tar.gz \
-    && tar -xzf ffmpeg.tar.gz \
-    && cd ffmpeg/ffmpeg-rockchip \
+    && github_prefix="" \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then github_prefix="${GH_PROXY%/}/"; fi \
+    && git init ffmpeg-rockchip \
+    && cd ffmpeg-rockchip \
+    && git remote add origin "${github_prefix}https://github.com/nyanmisaka/ffmpeg-rockchip.git" \
+    && git fetch --depth 1 origin ${FFMPEG_ROCKCHIP_REV} \
+    && git checkout --detach FETCH_HEAD \
     && ./configure \
         --enable-gpl \
         --enable-version3 \
@@ -221,7 +280,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && rm -rf /tmp/ffmpeg-build
 
 # Add Rust target
-RUN rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=${RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER_CN}; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=${RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT_CN}; \
+    fi \
+    && rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
 
 # Configure environment for static linking
 ENV PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS=1\

build/debian/control.tpl

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Maintainer: SilentWind <admin@mofeng.run>
 Package: one-kvm
 Architecture: {arch}
 Depends: ${{auto}}, ca-certificates{distsuffix}
+Recommends: bluez
 Description: A open and lightweight IP-KVM solution written in Rust
  Enables BIOS-level remote management of servers and workstations.
  .
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ Description: A open and lightweight IP-KVM solution written in Rust
   * Hardware-accelerated video encoding (VAAPI, QSV, RKMPP)
   * WebRTC and MJPEG streaming with low latency
   * USB HID emulation via OTG gadget
+  * Classic Bluetooth keyboard and mouse via BlueZ
   * Mass storage device for ISO/IMG mounting
   * ATX power control via GPIO or USB relay
 Homepage: https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM

build/one-kvm.service

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [Unit]
 Description=One-KVM IP-KVM Service
 Documentation=https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM
-After=network.target
+After=network-online.target bluetooth.service
 Wants=network-online.target
 
 [Service]

build/package-deb.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # Build deb packages from pre-compiled binaries
-# Binaries are compiled once on Debian 11 (GLIBC 2.31) via build-images.sh
+# Binaries are compiled once on Debian 12 (GLIBC 2.36) via build-images.sh
 # This script packages them directly on the host using dpkg-deb
 # Usage: ./build/build-deb.sh [arch]
 # Example: ./build/build-deb.sh aarch64
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ EOF
     chmod 755 "$PKG_DIR/DEBIAN/prerm"
 
     # Create control file
-    BASE_DEPS="libc6 (>= 2.31), libgcc-s1, libstdc++6, libasound2 (>= 1.1), libdrm2 (>= 2.4)"
-    AMD64_DEPS="libva2 (>= 2.0), libva-drm2 (>= 2.10), libva-x11-2 (>= 2.10), libmfx1 (>= 21.1), libx11-6 (>= 1.6), libxcb1 (>= 1.14), i965-va-driver-shaders (>= 2.4), intel-media-va-driver-non-free (>= 21.1)"
+    BASE_DEPS="libc6 (>= 2.36), libgcc-s1, libstdc++6, libasound2t64 (>= 1.1) | libasound2 (>= 1.1), libdrm2 (>= 2.4)"
+    AMD64_DEPS="libva2 (>= 2.0), libva-drm2 (>= 2.10), libva-x11-2 (>= 2.10), libmfx-gen1.2 (>= 22.0) | libmfx1 (>= 21.1), libx11-6 (>= 1.6), libxcb1 (>= 1.14), i965-va-driver-shaders (>= 2.4), intel-media-va-driver-non-free (>= 21.1)"
     DEPS="$BASE_DEPS"
     if [ "$DEB_ARCH" = "amd64" ]; then
         DEPS="$DEPS, $AMD64_DEPS"
@@ -139,10 +139,11 @@ Section: admin
 Priority: optional
 Architecture: $DEB_ARCH
 Depends: $DEPS
+Recommends: bluez
 Maintainer: SilentWind <admin@mofeng.run>
 Description: A open and lightweight IP-KVM solution
  Enables BIOS-level remote management of servers and workstations.
- Built on Debian 11, compatible with Debian 11+, Ubuntu 20.04+.
+ Built on Debian 12, compatible with Debian 12+, Ubuntu 24.04+.
 EOF
 
     # Build deb directly on host

build/package-docker.sh

@@ -314,6 +314,10 @@ build_for_platform() {
 
     if [ "$PUSH" = true ]; then
         build_cmd="$build_cmd --push"
+        # Aliyun ACR rejects the OCI artifact manifests used by BuildKit attestations.
+        if [[ "$REGISTRY" == registry.cn-*.aliyuncs.com/* ]]; then
+            build_cmd="$build_cmd --provenance=false --sbom=false"
+        fi
     elif [ "$LOAD" = true ]; then
         build_cmd="$build_cmd --load"
     fi

build/windows/build.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+param(
+    [string]$Configuration = "debug",
+    [string]$Target = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    [string]$Triplet = "x64-windows-static",
+    [string]$VcpkgRoot = $env:VCPKG_ROOT,
+    [string]$VcpkgInstalledRoot = $env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR,
+    [switch]$NoDefaultFeatures,
+    [string[]]$Features = @(),
+    [switch]$Package,
+    [Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments = $true)]
+    [string[]]$CargoArgs = @()
+)
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+$repoRoot = Resolve-Path (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "..\..")
+Set-Location $repoRoot
+
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($VcpkgRoot)) {
+    $VcpkgRoot = Join-Path (Split-Path $repoRoot -Parent) "vcpkg"
+}
+
+$VcpkgRoot = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($VcpkgRoot)
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($VcpkgInstalledRoot)) {
+    $VcpkgInstalledRoot = Join-Path $VcpkgRoot "installed"
+}
+
+$VcpkgInstalledRoot = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($VcpkgInstalledRoot)
+$vcpkgTripletRoot = Join-Path $VcpkgInstalledRoot $Triplet
+$turbojpegLibDir = Join-Path $vcpkgTripletRoot "lib"
+$turbojpegIncludeDir = Join-Path $vcpkgTripletRoot "include"
+
+if (-not (Test-Path $VcpkgRoot)) {
+    throw "VCPKG_ROOT does not exist: $VcpkgRoot. Run build/windows/bootstrap-vcpkg.ps1 first."
+}
+
+if (-not (Test-Path $turbojpegLibDir) -or -not (Test-Path $turbojpegIncludeDir)) {
+    throw "vcpkg triplet is not installed at $vcpkgTripletRoot. Run build/windows/bootstrap-vcpkg.ps1 first."
+}
+
+$env:VCPKG_ROOT = $VcpkgRoot
+$env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET = $Triplet
+$env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR = $VcpkgInstalledRoot
+$env:TURBOJPEG_SOURCE = "explicit"
+$env:TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR = $turbojpegLibDir
+$env:TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR = $turbojpegIncludeDir
+
+$cargoCommand = @("build", "--target", $Target)
+
+if ($Configuration -eq "release") {
+    $cargoCommand += "--release"
+} elseif ($Configuration -ne "debug") {
+    throw "Unsupported configuration '$Configuration'. Use 'debug' or 'release'."
+}
+
+if ($NoDefaultFeatures) {
+    $cargoCommand += "--no-default-features"
+}
+
+if ($Features.Count -gt 0) {
+    $cargoCommand += "--features"
+    $cargoCommand += ($Features -join ",")
+}
+
+$cargoCommand += $CargoArgs
+
+cargo @cargoCommand
+
+if ($Package) {
+    $metadata = cargo metadata --no-deps --format-version 1 | ConvertFrom-Json
+    $packageInfo = $metadata.packages | Where-Object { $_.name -eq "one-kvm" } | Select-Object -First 1
+
+    if ($null -eq $packageInfo -or [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($packageInfo.version)) {
+        throw "Failed to resolve version from Cargo metadata"
+    }
+
+    $sourcePath = Join-Path $repoRoot "target/$Target/release/one-kvm.exe"
+    $targetName = "one-kvm_{0}_amd64.exe" -f $packageInfo.version
+    $targetPath = Join-Path $repoRoot "target/$Target/release/$targetName"
+
+    if (-not (Test-Path $sourcePath)) {
+        throw "Windows binary not found: $sourcePath"
+    }
+
+    Copy-Item $sourcePath $targetPath
+    Write-Host $targetPath
+}

docs/macos-drag-compatibility.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# macOS 拖拽兼容模式（实验性）
+
+适用于 OTG 和 CH9329 后端的绝对鼠标输入。遇到目标 Mac 上拖拽只能移动一小段便停止时，可在设置页的 HID 配置中开启「macOS 拖拽兼容模式」。默认关闭。
+
+配置字段为 `hid.mouse_macos_drag`，旧 PR 的 `ch9329_macos_drag` 字段仍可作为读取别名。OTG 必须同时启用相对鼠标和绝对鼠标接口，否则配置保存会被拒绝。CH9329 同时启用 Linux 兼容开关时，此模式优先。
+
+## 报告行为
+
+- 未按键时仍使用绝对坐标定位。
+- 从绝对输入开始的拖拽：按下使用绝对报告，移动和滚轮使用相对报告，释放时先更新相对按钮状态，再发送绝对按钮释放。
+- 按键报告的通道保持到所有按钮释放，不随拖拽期间的输入模式切换而改变。
+- 从相对输入开始的点击、拖拽继续使用相对按钮报告；此选项不修复原生相对模式的点击兼容问题。
+- 位移从原始 15 位输入坐标换算，累计小数余量，大位移按单包范围分包并保留总量及方向。
+- 运行时使用当前视频采集尺寸，并在 HID 重载后恢复尺寸；视频尚未提供尺寸时使用配置尺寸。
+
+## 验证范围与限制
+
+本次 OTG 扩展及位移换算修改没有 macOS 实机验证。原 PR 作者对旧 CH9329 实现的实机反馈不能视为本版本已经验证。
+
+本地自动化覆盖位移累计/分包、1080p/4K 换算、往返移动、滚轮、输入模式切换、复位、CH9329 命令队列、OTG 临时文件模拟端点及配置校验。临时文件测试仅验证写出的字节，不验证 USB 枚举或目标系统的事件解释。
+
+相对位移受 macOS 鼠标速度、加速、显示缩放及多屏布局影响，无法保证与绝对定位逐像素一致。松手报告携带最后的客户端绝对坐标，仍可能出现落点偏移或光标跳位；大位移分包也可能增加低波特率串口延迟。
+
+后续实机验证应分别覆盖两个后端：窗口/文件/文本拖拽，快速及慢速移动，滚轮和多按钮组合，1080p/4K 与缩放显示，输入模式切换、断开重连、精确落点。异常时关闭此选项恢复默认行为。

libs/bluetooth-hid/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[package]
+name = "one-kvm-bluetooth-hid"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+license = "GPL-2.0"
+
+[dependencies]
+bluer = { version = "0.17", features = ["bluetoothd", "l2cap"] }
+dbus = { version = "0.9", features = ["vendored"] }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros", "sync", "time", "process"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+dbus-crossroads = "0.5"
+dbus-tokio = "0.7"
+libc = "0.2"
+tracing = "0.1"

libs/bluetooth-hid/examples/pairing_probe.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//! Explicit hardware regression: opens a 10-second pairing window without
+//! removing existing bonds or sending input. Stop the production HID first.
+use one_kvm_bluetooth_hid::{Action, Config, Peripheral};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
+    let peripheral = Peripheral::start(Config {
+        adapter: "hci0".into(),
+        name: "One-KVM HID".into(),
+        peer: None,
+    })?;
+    let result = async {
+        for _ in 0..50 {
+            if peripheral.status().initialized {
+                break;
+            }
+            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
+        }
+        let before = peripheral.status();
+        if !before.initialized {
+            return Err(format!("Initialization failed: {:?}", before.error));
+        }
+        if !before
+            .devices
+            .iter()
+            .any(|d| Some(&d.address) == before.peer.as_ref() && d.paired)
+        {
+            return Err("This regression needs an existing bonded computer".into());
+        }
+        peripheral.action(Action::Pair(10)).await?;
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+        let open = peripheral.status();
+        println!("open: {}", serde_json::to_string(&open).unwrap());
+        if open.pairing_seconds == 0 {
+            return Err("Existing bond prematurely closed pairing".into());
+        }
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).await;
+        let expired = peripheral.status();
+        println!("expired: {}", serde_json::to_string(&expired).unwrap());
+        if expired.pairing_seconds != 0 || expired.peer != before.peer {
+            return Err("Window did not expire while preserving the bonded peer".into());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    .await;
+    let cleanup = peripheral.shutdown().await;
+    result.and(cleanup)
+}

libs/bluetooth-hid/examples/probe.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//! Native hardware smoke check. Registers for 12 seconds, sends no input,
+//! opens no pairing window, then restores the adapter configuration.
+use one_kvm_bluetooth_hid::{Config, Peripheral};
+use std::time::Duration;
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
+    let peripheral = Peripheral::start(Config {
+        adapter: "hci0".into(),
+        name: "One-KVM HID".into(),
+        peer: None,
+    })?;
+    let mut initialized = false;
+    for _ in 0..12 {
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+        let status = peripheral.status();
+        initialized |= status.initialized;
+        println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&status).unwrap());
+    }
+    peripheral.shutdown().await?;
+    if !initialized {
+        return Err("Native BlueZ peripheral never initialized".into());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

libs/bluetooth-hid/src/agent.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+use crate::Shared;
+use dbus::{channel::MatchingReceiver, message::MatchRule, nonblock::Proxy, Path};
+use dbus_crossroads::Crossroads;
+use std::{
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+
+const PATH: &str = "/org/onekvm/bluetooth/agent";
+pub struct Agent {
+    connection: Arc<dbus::nonblock::SyncConnection>,
+    task: tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>,
+}
+impl Agent {
+    pub async fn register(shared: Arc<Shared>, adapter: String) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let (resource, connection) =
+            dbus_tokio::connection::new_system_sync().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let task = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let _ = resource.await;
+        });
+        let mut cr = Crossroads::new();
+        let iface = cr.register("org.bluez.Agent1", |b| {
+            b.method("Release", (), (), |_, _: &mut (), ()| Ok(()));
+            b.method("Cancel", (), (), |_, _: &mut (), ()| Ok(()));
+            let state = shared.clone();
+            let name = adapter.clone();
+            b.method(
+                "RequestAuthorization",
+                ("device",),
+                (),
+                move |_, _: &mut (), (path,): (Path<'static>,)| {
+                    authorize(&state, &name, &path, true)
+                },
+            );
+            let state = shared.clone();
+            let name = adapter.clone();
+            b.method(
+                "RequestConfirmation",
+                ("device", "passkey"),
+                (),
+                move |_, _: &mut (), (path, _): (Path<'static>, u32)| {
+                    authorize(&state, &name, &path, true)
+                },
+            );
+            b.method(
+                "AuthorizeService",
+                ("device", "uuid"),
+                (),
+                move |_, _: &mut (), (path, uuid): (Path<'static>, String)| {
+                    if !matches!(uuid.as_str(), "00001124-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb") {
+                        return Err(dbus::MethodErr::from((
+                            "org.bluez.Error.Rejected",
+                            "Not an HID service",
+                        )));
+                    }
+                    authorize(&shared, &adapter, &path, false)
+                },
+            );
+        });
+        cr.insert(PATH, &[iface], ());
+        let profile = cr.register("org.bluez.Profile1", |b| {
+            b.method("Release", (), (), |_, _: &mut (), ()| Ok(()));
+            b.method(
+                "RequestDisconnection",
+                ("device",),
+                (),
+                |_, _: &mut (), (_device,): (Path<'static>,)| Ok(()),
+            );
+            b.method(
+                "NewConnection",
+                ("device", "fd", "properties"),
+                (),
+                |_,
+                 _: &mut (),
+                 (_device, _fd, _props): (
+                    Path<'static>,
+                    dbus::arg::OwnedFd,
+                    dbus::arg::PropMap,
+                )| {
+                    // This profile only publishes SDP. Our L2CAP sockets own both HID channels.
+                    Err::<(), _>(dbus::MethodErr::from((
+                        "org.bluez.Error.Rejected",
+                        "Unexpected profile connection",
+                    )))
+                },
+            );
+        });
+        cr.insert("/org/onekvm/bluetooth/profile", &[profile], ());
+        connection.start_receive(
+            MatchRule::new_method_call(),
+            Box::new(move |msg, conn| {
+                let _ = cr.handle_message(msg, conn);
+                true
+            }),
+        );
+        let agent = Self { connection, task };
+        let proxy = Proxy::new(
+            "org.bluez",
+            "/org/bluez",
+            Duration::from_secs(5),
+            agent.connection.clone(),
+        );
+        let result: Result<(), dbus::Error> = proxy
+            .method_call(
+                "org.bluez.AgentManager1",
+                "RegisterAgent",
+                (Path::from(PATH), "NoInputNoOutput"),
+            )
+            .await;
+        if let Err(error) = result {
+            return Err(error.to_string());
+        }
+        let result: Result<(), dbus::Error> = proxy
+            .method_call(
+                "org.bluez.AgentManager1",
+                "RequestDefaultAgent",
+                (Path::from(PATH),),
+            )
+            .await;
+        result.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let mut options: dbus::arg::PropMap = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+        options.insert(
+            "ServiceRecord".into(),
+            dbus::arg::Variant(Box::new(crate::protocol::sdp())),
+        );
+        options.insert(
+            "Role".into(),
+            dbus::arg::Variant(Box::new("server".to_string())),
+        );
+        options.insert(
+            "RequireAuthentication".into(),
+            dbus::arg::Variant(Box::new(true)),
+        );
+        options.insert(
+            "RequireAuthorization".into(),
+            dbus::arg::Variant(Box::new(false)),
+        );
+        let result: Result<(), dbus::Error> = proxy
+            .method_call(
+                "org.bluez.ProfileManager1",
+                "RegisterProfile",
+                (
+                    Path::from("/org/onekvm/bluetooth/profile"),
+                    crate::protocol::HID_UUID,
+                    options,
+                ),
+            )
+            .await;
+        result.map_err(|e| format!("Register HID SDP: {e}"))?;
+        Ok(agent)
+    }
+}
+impl Drop for Agent {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.task.abort();
+    }
+}
+fn authorize(
+    shared: &Shared,
+    adapter: &str,
+    path: &str,
+    pairing: bool,
+) -> Result<(), dbus::MethodErr> {
+    let rejected = || {
+        dbus::MethodErr::from((
+            "org.bluez.Error.Rejected",
+            "Open pairing in One-KVM or select the paired computer",
+        ))
+    };
+    let prefix = format!("/org/bluez/{adapter}/dev_");
+    let address = path
+        .strip_prefix(&prefix)
+        .ok_or_else(rejected)?
+        .replace('_', ":");
+    let mut state = shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+    if pairing
+        && !state
+            .pairing_until
+            .is_some_and(|until| until > Instant::now())
+    {
+        return Err(rejected());
+    }
+    if state.peer.as_ref().is_some_and(|peer| peer != &address) {
+        return Err(rejected());
+    }
+    if state.peer.is_none() {
+        if !pairing || state.bonded_before_pairing.contains(&address) {
+            return Err(rejected());
+        }
+        state.peer = Some(address);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn existing_unrelated_bond_cannot_be_adopted_by_agent_callback() {
+        let shared = Shared::new(None);
+        {
+            let mut state = shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+            state.pairing_until = Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(120));
+            state
+                .bonded_before_pairing
+                .insert("10:6F:D9:66:97:88".into());
+        }
+        assert!(authorize(
+            &shared,
+            "hci0",
+            "/org/bluez/hci0/dev_10_6F_D9_66_97_88",
+            true
+        )
+        .is_err());
+        assert!(shared.state.lock().unwrap().peer.is_none());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn only_pair_during_window_and_pin_first_peer() {
+        let state = Shared::new(None);
+        let first = "/org/bluez/hci0/dev_10_6F_D9_66_97_88";
+        assert!(authorize(&state, "hci0", first, true).is_err());
+        state.state.lock().unwrap().pairing_until = Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(60));
+        assert!(authorize(&state, "hci0", first, true).is_ok());
+        assert!(authorize(
+            &state,
+            "hci0",
+            "/org/bluez/hci0/dev_10_6F_D9_66_97_89",
+            true
+        )
+        .is_err());
+        assert!(authorize(&state, "hci1", first, true).is_err());
+        state.state.lock().unwrap().pairing_until = None;
+        assert!(authorize(&state, "hci0", first, false).is_ok());
+        assert!(authorize(&state, "hci0", first, true).is_err());
+    }
+}

libs/bluetooth-hid/src/bonds.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+//! Only bonds explicitly owned by this HID peripheral may be removed.
+use bluer::{Adapter, Session};
+use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Bond {
+    pub adapter: String,
+    pub peer: String,
+    pub pending: bool,
+}
+pub type Operation<'a, T> = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<T, String>> + Send + 'a>>;
+pub trait BondStore: Send + Sync {
+    fn list(&self) -> Operation<'_, Vec<Bond>>;
+    fn save(&self, bond: Bond) -> Operation<'_, ()>;
+    fn remove(&self, bond: Bond) -> Operation<'_, ()>;
+}
+
+pub async fn clean_adapter(store: &dyn BondStore, adapter: &Adapter) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let address = adapter
+        .address()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+        .to_string();
+    clean_owned(store, &address, |peer| async move {
+        let peer = peer.parse().map_err(|_| "Invalid stored HID peer")?;
+        if adapter
+            .device_addresses()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+            .contains(&peer)
+        {
+            adapter
+                .remove_device(peer)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .await
+}
+
+async fn clean_owned<F, Fut>(
+    store: &dyn BondStore,
+    address: &str,
+    mut remove: F,
+) -> Result<(), String>
+where
+    F: FnMut(String) -> Fut,
+    Fut: Future<Output = Result<(), String>>,
+{
+    for bond in store
+        .list()
+        .await?
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|b| b.pending && b.adapter == address)
+    {
+        remove(bond.peer.clone()).await?;
+        // Keep the tombstone until BlueZ confirms removal; retry safely after interruption.
+        store.remove(bond).await?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub async fn reset(store: &dyn BondStore, explicit: Vec<Bond>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let session = Session::new().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let mut owned = store.list().await?;
+    owned.extend(explicit);
+    for mut bond in owned {
+        bond.pending = true;
+        store.save(bond).await?;
+    }
+    for name in session.adapter_names().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())? {
+        clean_adapter(store, &session.adapter(&name).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?).await?;
+    }
+    // Records for absent adapters remain pending and are cleaned before their next use.
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::sync::Mutex;
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    struct Memory(Mutex<Vec<Bond>>);
+    impl BondStore for Memory {
+        fn list(&self) -> Operation<'_, Vec<Bond>> {
+            Box::pin(async { Ok(self.0.lock().unwrap().clone()) })
+        }
+        fn save(&self, bond: Bond) -> Operation<'_, ()> {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                let mut rows = self.0.lock().unwrap();
+                rows.retain(|b| b.adapter != bond.adapter || b.peer != bond.peer);
+                rows.push(bond);
+                Ok(())
+            })
+        }
+        fn remove(&self, bond: Bond) -> Operation<'_, ()> {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                self.0.lock().unwrap().retain(|b| b != &bond);
+                Ok(())
+            })
+        }
+    }
+    fn bond(adapter: &str, peer: &str, pending: bool) -> Bond {
+        Bond {
+            adapter: adapter.into(),
+            peer: peer.into(),
+            pending,
+        }
+    }
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn cleanup_only_removes_owned_pending_bonds_on_the_selected_hardware() {
+        let current = bond("adapter-A", "host-1", true);
+        let absent = bond("adapter-B", "host-2", true);
+        let retained = bond("adapter-A", "host-3", false);
+        let store = Memory(Mutex::new(vec![current, absent.clone(), retained.clone()]));
+        let removed = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
+        clean_owned(&store, "adapter-A", |peer| {
+            removed.lock().unwrap().push(peer);
+            async { Ok(()) }
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(*removed.lock().unwrap(), vec!["host-1"]);
+        assert_eq!(store.list().await.unwrap(), vec![absent, retained]);
+    }
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn cleanup_failure_keeps_tombstone_and_is_reported() {
+        let record = bond("adapter-A", "host-1", true);
+        let store = Memory(Mutex::new(vec![record.clone()]));
+        assert_eq!(
+            clean_owned(&store, "adapter-A", |_| async {
+                Err("BlueZ denied removal".into())
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap_err(),
+            "BlueZ denied removal"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(store.list().await.unwrap(), vec![record]);
+        clean_owned(&store, "adapter-A", |_| async { Ok(()) })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(store.list().await.unwrap().is_empty());
+    }
+}

libs/bluetooth-hid/src/controller.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+//! Exclusive controller ownership. No BLE switching or power cycling.
+use std::{
+    fs::{File, OpenOptions},
+    os::{fd::AsRawFd, unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt},
+    process::Stdio,
+    time::Duration,
+};
+use tokio::process::Command;
+pub struct Controller {
+    _lock: File,
+    adapter: String,
+    old_class: (u8, u8),
+    old_connectable: bool,
+}
+async fn run_once(adapter: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let mut cmd = Command::new("btmgmt");
+    cmd.arg("--index")
+        .arg(adapter.trim_start_matches("hci"))
+        .args(args)
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .kill_on_drop(true);
+    let mut child = cmd
+        .spawn()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Install bluez/btmgmt: {e}"))?;
+    // BlueZ 5.55's btmgmt exits on stdin EOF, even with a command argument.
+    // Keep a pipe open until it finishes; systemd normally supplies /dev/null.
+    let stdin = child.stdin.take();
+    let result = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), child.wait_with_output())
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| "btmgmt timeout")?
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Install bluez/btmgmt: {e}"))?;
+    drop(stdin);
+    let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&result.stdout).into_owned();
+    if !result.status.success()
+        || !result.stderr.is_empty()
+        || text.to_lowercase().contains("failed")
+    {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "btmgmt {}: {text} {}",
+            args.join(" "),
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&result.stderr)
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(text)
+}
+async fn run(adapter: &str, args: &[&str]) -> Result<String, String> {
+    // BlueZ updates the EIR/class asynchronously after registering SDP.
+    // Kernel management rejects a simultaneous class change with Busy.
+    for attempt in 0..5 {
+        match run_once(adapter, args).await {
+            Err(error) if error.contains("(Busy)") && attempt < 4 => {
+                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(200)).await;
+            }
+            result => return result,
+        }
+    }
+    unreachable!()
+}
+impl Controller {
+    pub async fn acquire(adapter: &str) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let lock = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .truncate(false)
+            .mode(0o600)
+            .custom_flags(libc::O_NOFOLLOW)
+            .open(format!("/run/one-kvm-bluetooth-{adapter}.lock"))
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        if unsafe { libc::flock(lock.as_raw_fd(), libc::LOCK_EX | libc::LOCK_NB) } != 0 {
+            return Err("Bluetooth adapter already owned by One-KVM".into());
+        }
+        let info = run(adapter, &["info"]).await?;
+        let settings = info
+            .lines()
+            .find_map(|l| l.trim().strip_prefix("current settings:"))
+            .ok_or("Cannot read Bluetooth settings")?;
+        if !settings.split_whitespace().any(|s| s == "br/edr") {
+            return Err(
+                "Classic Bluetooth disabled; enable BR/EDR with btmgmt before using HID".into(),
+            );
+        }
+        let class = info
+            .split_whitespace()
+            .skip_while(|s| *s != "class")
+            .nth(1)
+            .ok_or("Missing Bluetooth class")?;
+        let class =
+            u32::from_str_radix(class.trim_start_matches("0x"), 16).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            _lock: lock,
+            adapter: adapter.into(),
+            old_class: (((class >> 8) & 0x1f) as u8, (class & 0xfc) as u8),
+            old_connectable: settings.split_whitespace().any(|s| s == "connectable"),
+        })
+    }
+    pub async fn configure(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        run(&self.adapter, &["class", "5", "192"]).await?;
+        run(&self.adapter, &["connectable", "on"]).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    pub async fn restore(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let mut errors = vec![];
+        if let Err(e) = run(
+            &self.adapter,
+            &[
+                "class",
+                &self.old_class.0.to_string(),
+                &self.old_class.1.to_string(),
+            ],
+        )
+        .await
+        {
+            errors.push(e);
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = run(
+            &self.adapter,
+            &[
+                "connectable",
+                if self.old_connectable { "on" } else { "off" },
+            ],
+        )
+        .await
+        {
+            errors.push(e);
+        }
+        if errors.is_empty() {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(errors.join("; "))
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/bluetooth-hid/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,964 @@
+//! Classic Bluetooth HID peripheral: SDP + L2CAP. Linux/BlueZ only.
+mod agent;
+pub mod bonds;
+mod controller;
+mod protocol;
+
+use bluer::{
+    l2cap::{Security, SecurityLevel, SeqPacket, SeqPacketListener, Socket, SocketAddr},
+    Adapter, Address, AddressType, Session,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashSet,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot, watch, Mutex as AsyncMutex};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Config {
+    pub adapter: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub peer: Option<String>,
+}
+impl Config {
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if !self
+            .adapter
+            .strip_prefix("hci")
+            .is_some_and(|n| !n.is_empty() && n.bytes().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()))
+        {
+            return Err("Bluetooth adapter must be hci followed by an index".into());
+        }
+        if self.name.is_empty() || self.name.len() > 64 || self.name.chars().any(char::is_control) {
+            return Err(
+                "Bluetooth name must contain 1–64 UTF-8 bytes without control characters".into(),
+            );
+        }
+        if let Some(peer) = &self.peer {
+            peer.parse::<Address>()
+                .map_err(|_| "Invalid Bluetooth peer address")?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Status {
+    pub initialized: bool,
+    pub connected: bool,
+    pub ready: bool,
+    pub adapter: String,
+    pub adapter_address: String,
+    pub peer: Option<String>,
+    pub pairing_seconds: u32,
+    pub control_connected: bool,
+    pub interrupt_connected: bool,
+    pub leds: u8,
+    pub generation: u64,
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+    pub devices: Vec<Device>,
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Device {
+    pub address: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub paired: bool,
+    pub connected: bool,
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Report {
+    Keyboard,
+    Mouse,
+    Consumer,
+}
+impl Report {
+    fn len(self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Self::Keyboard => 8,
+            Self::Mouse => 4,
+            Self::Consumer => 2,
+        }
+    }
+    fn id(self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            Self::Keyboard => 1,
+            Self::Mouse => 2,
+            Self::Consumer => 3,
+        }
+    }
+}
+struct State {
+    peer: Option<String>,
+    pairing_until: Option<Instant>,
+    bonded_before_pairing: HashSet<String>,
+}
+impl State {
+    fn observe_bond(&mut self, address: &str, paired: bool) {
+        // Just Works may complete without an Agent1 authorization callback.
+        // Adopt only a new bond from our explicit window, respecting a pinned peer.
+        if paired
+            && self.peer.is_none()
+            && self
+                .pairing_until
+                .is_some_and(|until| until > Instant::now())
+            && !self.bonded_before_pairing.contains(address)
+        {
+            self.peer = Some(address.to_owned());
+            tracing::info!(
+                peer = address,
+                "Bluetooth HID selected newly bonded computer"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    fn close_pairing(&mut self, paired: bool, fallback: Option<String>) {
+        self.pairing_until = None;
+        if !paired {
+            self.peer = fallback;
+        }
+    }
+    fn pairing_completed(&self, selected_paired: bool) -> bool {
+        selected_paired
+            && self
+                .peer
+                .as_ref()
+                .is_some_and(|peer| !self.bonded_before_pairing.contains(peer))
+    }
+}
+struct Shared {
+    state: Mutex<State>,
+}
+impl Shared {
+    fn new(peer: Option<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            state: Mutex::new(State {
+                peer,
+                pairing_until: None,
+                bonded_before_pairing: HashSet::new(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+    fn allowed(&self, address: Address) -> bool {
+        self.state.lock().unwrap().peer.as_deref() == Some(address.to_string().as_str())
+    }
+}
+pub enum Action {
+    Pair(u32),
+    ClosePairing,
+    Forget,
+    Disconnect,
+    Reset,
+}
+enum Command {
+    Report(Report, Vec<u8>),
+    Action(Action),
+    Stop,
+}
+struct Request {
+    command: Command,
+    result: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), String>>,
+    expires: Instant,
+}
+pub struct Peripheral {
+    tx: mpsc::Sender<Request>,
+    status: watch::Receiver<Status>,
+    task: AsyncMutex<Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>>>,
+}
+impl Peripheral {
+    pub fn start(config: Config) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        Self::start_with_store(config, None)
+    }
+    pub fn start_with_store(
+        config: Config,
+        bonds: Option<Arc<dyn bonds::BondStore>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        config.validate()?;
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(64);
+        let (state_tx, status) = watch::channel(Status {
+            adapter: config.adapter.clone(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+        let task = tokio::spawn(supervise(config, bonds, rx, state_tx));
+        Ok(Self {
+            tx,
+            status,
+            task: AsyncMutex::new(Some(task)),
+        })
+    }
+    pub fn status(&self) -> Status {
+        self.status.borrow().clone()
+    }
+    pub fn subscribe(&self) -> watch::Receiver<Status> {
+        self.status.clone()
+    }
+    async fn request(&self, command: Command, duration: Duration) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let (result, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+        let request = Request {
+            command,
+            result,
+            expires: Instant::now() + duration,
+        };
+        self.tx
+            .try_send(request)
+            .map_err(|_| "Bluetooth input queue unavailable or full".to_string())?;
+        tokio::time::timeout(duration, rx)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| "Bluetooth operation timed out".to_string())?
+            .map_err(|_| "Bluetooth worker stopped".to_string())?
+    }
+    pub async fn send(&self, report: Report, value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if value.len() != report.len() {
+            return Err("Invalid HID report size".into());
+        }
+        self.request(Command::Report(report, value), Duration::from_millis(500))
+            .await
+    }
+    pub async fn action(&self, action: Action) -> Result<(), String> {
+        self.request(Command::Action(action), Duration::from_secs(15))
+            .await
+    }
+    pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if let Some(task) = self.task.lock().await.take() {
+            let result = self.request(Command::Stop, Duration::from_secs(45)).await;
+            // Do not abort: the worker must restore the radio before a backend switch.
+            task.await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            result
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn listen(address: Address, psm: u16) -> Result<SeqPacketListener, String> {
+    let socket = Socket::<SeqPacket>::new_seq_packet().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    socket
+        .set_security(Security {
+            level: SecurityLevel::Medium,
+            key_size: 0,
+        })
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    socket.bind(SocketAddr::new(address,AddressType::BrEdr,psm))
+        .map_err(|e|format!("Cannot bind classic HID PSM 0x{psm:02x}: {e}. Disable BlueZ input plugin; see Bluetooth HID setup."))?;
+    socket.listen(2).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+}
+struct Runtime {
+    adapter: Adapter,
+    _session: Session,
+    shared: Arc<Shared>,
+    agent: Option<agent::Agent>,
+    controller: controller::Controller,
+    listeners: [SeqPacketListener; 2],
+    channels: [Option<Arc<SeqPacket>>; 2],
+    channel_peer: Option<Address>,
+    partial_since: Option<Instant>,
+    hid: protocol::HidProtocol,
+    generation: u64,
+    old_pairable: bool,
+    old_powered: bool,
+    old_alias: String,
+    old_discoverable: bool,
+    old_discoverable_timeout: u32,
+    old_pairable_timeout: u32,
+    config: Config,
+    bonds: Option<Arc<dyn bonds::BondStore>>,
+    recorded_peer: Option<String>,
+}
+impl Runtime {
+    async fn open(
+        config: &Config,
+        bonds: Option<Arc<dyn bonds::BondStore>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let controller = controller::Controller::acquire(&config.adapter).await?;
+        let session = Session::new().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let adapter = session
+            .adapter(&config.adapter)
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let address = adapter.address().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let mut config = config.clone();
+        if let Some(store) = &bonds {
+            bonds::clean_adapter(store.as_ref(), &adapter).await?;
+            if config.peer.is_none() {
+                config.peer = store
+                    .list()
+                    .await?
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .find(|bond| bond.adapter == address.to_string() && !bond.pending)
+                    .map(|bond| bond.peer);
+            }
+        }
+        // Acquire BOTH channels before changing adapter state. Conflict is a startup error.
+        let listeners = [listen(address, 0x11)?, listen(address, 0x13)?];
+        let old_powered = adapter.is_powered().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let old_pairable = adapter.is_pairable().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let old_alias = adapter.alias().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let old_discoverable = adapter.is_discoverable().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let old_discoverable_timeout = adapter
+            .discoverable_timeout()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let old_pairable_timeout = adapter
+            .pairable_timeout()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let shared = Arc::new(Shared::new(
+            config.peer.as_ref().map(|p| p.to_ascii_uppercase()),
+        ));
+        let mut runtime = Self {
+            adapter,
+            _session: session,
+            shared,
+            agent: None,
+            controller,
+            listeners,
+            channels: [None, None],
+            channel_peer: None,
+            partial_since: None,
+            hid: Default::default(),
+            generation: 0,
+            old_pairable,
+            old_powered,
+            old_alias,
+            old_discoverable,
+            old_discoverable_timeout,
+            old_pairable_timeout,
+            config: config.clone(),
+            bonds,
+            recorded_peer: None,
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = runtime.setup().await {
+            let restore = runtime.close().await;
+            return Err(format!("{e}; cleanup: {restore:?}"));
+        }
+        Ok(runtime)
+    }
+    async fn setup(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        self.adapter
+            .set_powered(true)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        self.adapter
+            .set_discoverable(false)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        self.adapter
+            .set_pairable(false)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        self.adapter
+            .set_alias(self.config.name.clone())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        self.agent =
+            Some(agent::Agent::register(self.shared.clone(), self.config.adapter.clone()).await?);
+        self.controller.configure().await?;
+        self.public(None).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn public(&self, seconds: Option<u32>) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if let Some(seconds) = seconds {
+            self.adapter
+                .set_pairable_timeout(seconds)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            self.adapter
+                .set_discoverable_timeout(seconds)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            self.adapter
+                .set_pairable(true)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            if let Err(e) = self.adapter.set_discoverable(true).await {
+                let _ = self.adapter.set_pairable(false).await;
+                return Err(e.to_string());
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.adapter
+                .set_discoverable(false)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            self.adapter
+                .set_pairable(false)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    fn drop_channels(&mut self) {
+        for socket in self.channels.iter_mut().filter_map(Option::take) {
+            let _ = socket.shutdown(std::net::Shutdown::Both);
+        }
+        self.channel_peer = None;
+        self.partial_since = None;
+        self.hid = Default::default();
+        self.generation = self.generation.wrapping_add(1);
+    }
+    async fn packet(&self, index: usize, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let socket = self.channels[index]
+            .as_ref()
+            .ok_or("Classic HID channel not connected")?;
+        let sent = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_millis(250), socket.send(data))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| "HID send timeout")?
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        if sent != data.len() {
+            return Err("Short HID packet write".into());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn release(&mut self) {
+        for packet in self.hid.release() {
+            if self.channels[1].is_some() && self.packet(1, &packet).await.is_err() {
+                self.drop_channels();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        self.generation = self.generation.wrapping_add(1);
+    }
+    async fn accept(
+        &mut self,
+        index: usize,
+        socket: SeqPacket,
+        peer: SocketAddr,
+    ) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if peer.addr_type != AddressType::BrEdr {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        // A host can open HID channels before the next status poll.
+        let paired = self
+            .adapter
+            .device(peer.addr)
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+            .is_paired()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        self.shared
+            .state
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .observe_bond(&peer.addr.to_string(), paired);
+        if !self.shared.allowed(peer.addr) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        if self.channel_peer.is_some_and(|p| p != peer.addr) || self.channels[index].is_some() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        // Kernel BT_SECURITY_MEDIUM negotiates encryption before accept completes.
+        if socket
+            .as_ref()
+            .security()
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+            .key_size
+            < 7
+        {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.channel_peer = Some(peer.addr);
+        self.channels[index] = Some(Arc::new(socket));
+        if self.channels.iter().all(Option::is_some) {
+            self.partial_since = None;
+            self.release().await;
+        } else {
+            self.partial_since = Some(Instant::now());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn status(&mut self) -> Result<Status, String> {
+        if !self.adapter.is_powered().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())? {
+            return Err("Bluetooth adapter powered off".into());
+        }
+        // A daemon restart loses the SDP registration even if the adapter comes back powered.
+        if !self
+            .adapter
+            .uuids()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|id| id.to_string() == protocol::HID_UUID)
+        {
+            return Err("Classic HID SDP registration lost; restarting Bluetooth backend".into());
+        }
+        let mut status = Status {
+            initialized: true,
+            adapter: self.config.adapter.clone(),
+            adapter_address: self
+                .adapter
+                .address()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                .to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        for address in self
+            .adapter
+            .device_addresses()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+        {
+            let device = self.adapter.device(address).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            let connected = device.is_connected().await.unwrap_or(false);
+            let paired = device.is_paired().await.unwrap_or(false);
+            self.shared
+                .state
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .observe_bond(&address.to_string(), paired);
+            if paired || connected {
+                status.devices.push(Device {
+                    address: address.to_string(),
+                    name: device.alias().await.unwrap_or_default(),
+                    paired,
+                    connected,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        status.devices.sort_by(|a, b| a.address.cmp(&b.address));
+        let (peer, until) = {
+            let state = self.shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+            (state.peer.clone(), state.pairing_until)
+        };
+        status.peer = peer.clone();
+        let selected = status
+            .devices
+            .iter()
+            .find(|device| Some(&device.address) == peer.as_ref());
+        let selected_paired = selected.is_some_and(|device| device.paired);
+        if selected_paired && self.recorded_peer != peer {
+            if let (Some(store), Some(peer)) = (&self.bonds, &peer) {
+                store
+                    .save(bonds::Bond {
+                        adapter: status.adapter_address.clone(),
+                        peer: peer.clone(),
+                        pending: false,
+                    })
+                    .await?;
+                self.recorded_peer = Some(peer.clone());
+            }
+        }
+        status.connected = selected.is_some_and(|device| device.paired && device.connected);
+        if self.channels.iter().any(Option::is_some)
+            && (!status.connected
+                || self
+                    .partial_since
+                    .is_some_and(|time| time.elapsed() > Duration::from_secs(10)))
+        {
+            self.drop_channels();
+        }
+        if let Some(until) = until {
+            let completed = self
+                .shared
+                .state
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .pairing_completed(selected_paired);
+            if until <= Instant::now() || completed {
+                {
+                    let mut state = self.shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+                    state.close_pairing(
+                        selected_paired,
+                        self.config.peer.as_ref().map(|p| p.to_ascii_uppercase()),
+                    );
+                    status.peer = state.peer.clone();
+                }
+                self.public(None).await?;
+                tracing::info!(reason = if completed { "bonded" } else { "expired" }, peer = ?status.peer, "Bluetooth HID pairing window closed");
+            } else {
+                status.pairing_seconds =
+                    until.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now()).as_secs() as u32 + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        status.control_connected = self.channels[0].is_some();
+        status.interrupt_connected = self.channels[1].is_some();
+        status.ready = status.connected
+            && status.control_connected
+            && status.interrupt_connected
+            && !self.hid.suspended;
+        status.leds = self.hid.leds;
+        status.generation = self.generation;
+        Ok(status)
+    }
+    async fn forget(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        self.release().await;
+        self.drop_channels();
+        let peer = self.shared.state.lock().unwrap().peer.clone();
+        if let Some(peer) = &peer {
+            let address = peer.parse().map_err(|_| "Invalid peer")?;
+            if self
+                .adapter
+                .device_addresses()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                .contains(&address)
+            {
+                self.adapter
+                    .remove_device(address)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+            }
+            self.shared
+                .state
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .bonded_before_pairing
+                .remove(peer);
+            tracing::info!(%peer, "Bluetooth HID forgot computer");
+        }
+        if let Some(store) = &self.bonds {
+            let address = self
+                .adapter
+                .address()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                .to_string();
+            for bond in store
+                .list()
+                .await?
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter(|b| b.adapter == address && Some(&b.peer) == peer.as_ref())
+            {
+                store.remove(bond).await?;
+            }
+        }
+        self.recorded_peer = None;
+        self.config.peer = None;
+        self.shared.state.lock().unwrap().peer = None;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn incoming(&mut self, index: usize, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if index == 1 {
+            self.hid.output(data);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let result = self.hid.control(data);
+        if let Some(reply) = result.reply {
+            self.packet(0, &reply).await?;
+        }
+        if result.reset {
+            self.release().await;
+        }
+        if result.unplug {
+            self.forget().await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn execute(&mut self, command: Command) -> Result<(), String> {
+        match command {
+            Command::Report(kind, value) => {
+                let peer = self.channel_peer.ok_or("Classic HID is not connected")?;
+                if !self.shared.allowed(peer) || self.channels.iter().any(Option::is_none) {
+                    return Err("Classic HID channels are not ready".into());
+                }
+                let device = self.adapter.device(peer).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+                if !device.is_paired().await.unwrap_or(false)
+                    || !device.is_connected().await.unwrap_or(false)
+                {
+                    self.drop_channels();
+                    return Err("Selected Bluetooth computer disconnected".into());
+                }
+                let packet = self.hid.input(kind, &value)?;
+                if let Err(e) = self.packet(1, &packet).await {
+                    self.drop_channels();
+                    return Err(e);
+                }
+            }
+            Command::Action(Action::Pair(seconds)) => {
+                if !(10..=300).contains(&seconds) {
+                    return Err("Pairing window must be 10–300 seconds".into());
+                }
+                let mut bonded = HashSet::new();
+                for address in self
+                    .adapter
+                    .device_addresses()
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                {
+                    if self
+                        .adapter
+                        .device(address)
+                        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                        .is_paired()
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                    {
+                        bonded.insert(address.to_string());
+                    }
+                }
+                {
+                    let mut state = self.shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+                    // Preserve the original baseline when extending an open window.
+                    if !state
+                        .pairing_until
+                        .is_some_and(|until| until > Instant::now())
+                    {
+                        state.bonded_before_pairing = bonded;
+                    }
+                    state.pairing_until =
+                        Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(seconds.into()));
+                }
+                if let Err(e) = self.public(Some(seconds)).await {
+                    self.shared.state.lock().unwrap().pairing_until = None;
+                    return Err(e);
+                }
+                tracing::info!(seconds, "Bluetooth HID pairing window opened");
+            }
+            Command::Action(Action::ClosePairing) => {
+                self.public(None).await?;
+                let peer = self.shared.state.lock().unwrap().peer.clone();
+                let paired = if let Some(peer) = peer {
+                    self.adapter
+                        .device(peer.parse().map_err(|_| "Invalid HID peer")?)
+                        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                        .is_paired()
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                } else {
+                    false
+                };
+                self.shared
+                    .state
+                    .lock()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .close_pairing(paired, self.config.peer.clone());
+                tracing::info!(reason = "manual", "Bluetooth HID pairing window closed");
+            }
+            Command::Action(Action::Forget) => self.forget().await?,
+            Command::Action(Action::Disconnect) => {
+                self.release().await;
+                self.drop_channels();
+                let peer = self.shared.state.lock().unwrap().peer.clone();
+                if let Some(peer) = peer {
+                    self.adapter
+                        .device(peer.parse().map_err(|_| "Invalid peer")?)
+                        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                        .disconnect()
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+                }
+            }
+            Command::Action(Action::Reset) => self.release().await,
+            Command::Stop => {}
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    async fn close(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        self.release().await;
+        self.drop_channels();
+        self.agent.take();
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
+        let mut errors = vec![];
+        if let Err(e) = self.adapter.set_discoverable(false).await {
+            errors.push(e.to_string());
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self.controller.restore().await {
+            errors.push(e);
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self.adapter.set_alias(self.old_alias.clone()).await {
+            errors.push(e.to_string());
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self
+            .adapter
+            .set_discoverable_timeout(self.old_discoverable_timeout)
+            .await
+        {
+            errors.push(e.to_string());
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self
+            .adapter
+            .set_pairable_timeout(self.old_pairable_timeout)
+            .await
+        {
+            errors.push(e.to_string());
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self.adapter.set_pairable(self.old_pairable).await {
+            errors.push(e.to_string());
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self.adapter.set_discoverable(self.old_discoverable).await {
+            errors.push(e.to_string());
+        }
+        if let Err(e) = self.adapter.set_powered(self.old_powered).await {
+            errors.push(e.to_string());
+        }
+        if errors.is_empty() {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(errors.join("; "))
+        }
+    }
+}
+async fn receive(socket: Option<Arc<SeqPacket>>, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> {
+    match socket {
+        Some(socket) => socket.recv(buffer).await,
+        None => std::future::pending().await,
+    }
+}
+async fn supervise(
+    config: Config,
+    bonds: Option<Arc<dyn bonds::BondStore>>,
+    mut rx: mpsc::Receiver<Request>,
+    tx: watch::Sender<Status>,
+) {
+    let mut generation = 0;
+    loop {
+        let mut runtime = match Runtime::open(&config, bonds.clone()).await {
+            Ok(runtime) => runtime,
+            Err(error) => {
+                tx.send_replace(Status {
+                    adapter: config.adapter.clone(),
+                    error: Some(error.clone()),
+                    generation,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                });
+                let delay = tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(5));
+                tokio::pin!(delay);
+                loop {
+                    tokio::select! {_=&mut delay=>break,request=rx.recv()=>{
+                        let Some(request)=request else{return;};
+                        if matches!(request.command,Command::Stop){let _=request.result.send(Ok(()));return;}
+                        let _=request.result.send(Err(error.clone()));
+                    }}
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+        runtime.generation = generation;
+        let mut timer = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(500));
+        let failure = loop {
+            let ctl = runtime.channels[0].clone();
+            let intr = runtime.channels[1].clone();
+            let mut ctl_buffer = [0; 1024];
+            let mut intr_buffer = [0; 1024];
+            tokio::select! {
+                accepted=runtime.listeners[0].accept()=>{match accepted{Ok((socket,peer))=>{if let Err(e)=runtime.accept(0,socket,peer).await{break e;}},Err(e)=>break e.to_string()}}
+                accepted=runtime.listeners[1].accept()=>{match accepted{Ok((socket,peer))=>{if let Err(e)=runtime.accept(1,socket,peer).await{break e;}},Err(e)=>break e.to_string()}}
+                read=receive(ctl,&mut ctl_buffer)=>{match read{Ok(n)if n>0=>{if runtime.incoming(0,&ctl_buffer[..n]).await.is_err(){runtime.drop_channels();}},_=>runtime.drop_channels()}}
+                read=receive(intr,&mut intr_buffer)=>{match read{Ok(n)if n>0=>{if runtime.incoming(1,&intr_buffer[..n]).await.is_err(){runtime.drop_channels();}},_=>runtime.drop_channels()}}
+                _=timer.tick()=>{match runtime.status().await{Ok(status)=>{tx.send_if_modified(|old|{if *old!=status{*old=status;true}else{false}});},Err(e)=>break e}}
+                request=rx.recv()=>{
+                    let Some(request)=request else{let _=runtime.close().await;return;};
+                    if matches!(request.command,Command::Stop){let result=runtime.close().await;tx.send_replace(Status{adapter:config.adapter.clone(),..Default::default()});let _=request.result.send(result);return;}
+                    if request.expires<=Instant::now()||request.result.is_closed(){runtime.release().await;continue;}
+                    let action = matches!(&request.command, Command::Action(_));
+                    let result=runtime.execute(request.command).await;
+                    if result.is_err(){runtime.release().await;}
+                    if action {
+                        if let Ok(status) = runtime.status().await { tx.send_replace(status); }
+                    }
+                    let _=request.result.send(result);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let restore = runtime.close().await;
+        generation = runtime.generation.wrapping_add(1);
+        tx.send_replace(Status {
+            adapter: config.adapter.clone(),
+            error: Some(format!("{failure}; cleanup: {restore:?}")),
+            generation,
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+        drop(runtime);
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)).await;
+    }
+}
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn closing_pairing_preserves_completed_bonds_but_releases_unpaired_targets() {
+        let shared = Shared::new(Some("10:6F:D9:66:97:88".into()));
+        let mut state = shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+        state.pairing_until = Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(120));
+        state.close_pairing(true, None);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer.as_deref(), Some("10:6F:D9:66:97:88"));
+        assert!(state.pairing_until.is_none());
+        state.close_pairing(false, None);
+        assert!(state.peer.is_none());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn configuration_validation() {
+        let mut c = Config {
+            adapter: "hci0".into(),
+            name: "One-KVM".into(),
+            peer: None,
+        };
+        assert!(c.validate().is_ok());
+        c.adapter = "hci0;reboot".into();
+        assert!(c.validate().is_err());
+        c.adapter = "hci1".into();
+        c.peer = Some("bogus".into());
+        assert!(c.validate().is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn peer_isolation() {
+        let state = Shared::new(Some("10:6F:D9:66:97:88".into()));
+        assert!(state.allowed("10:6F:D9:66:97:88".parse().unwrap()));
+        assert!(!state.allowed("10:6F:D9:66:97:89".parse().unwrap()));
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn new_bond_without_agent_callback_completes_pairing() {
+        let shared = Shared::new(None);
+        let mut state = shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+        state.pairing_until = Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(120));
+        let peer = "10:6F:D9:66:97:88";
+        state.observe_bond(peer, false);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer, None);
+        state.observe_bond(peer, true);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer.as_deref(), Some(peer));
+        assert!(state.pairing_completed(true));
+        // A second computer cannot replace the one selected in this window.
+        state.observe_bond("10:6F:D9:66:97:89", true);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer.as_deref(), Some(peer));
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn old_bond_does_not_finish_a_new_window() {
+        let peer = "10:6F:D9:66:97:88";
+        let shared = Shared::new(Some(peer.into()));
+        let mut state = shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+        state.pairing_until = Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(120));
+        state.bonded_before_pairing.insert(peer.into());
+        state.observe_bond(peer, true);
+        assert!(!state.pairing_completed(true));
+        state.peer = None;
+        state.observe_bond(peer, true);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer, None);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn bond_observation_respects_closed_window_and_pinned_peer() {
+        let peer = "10:6F:D9:66:97:88";
+        let shared = Shared::new(None);
+        let mut state = shared.state.lock().unwrap();
+        state.observe_bond(peer, true);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer, None);
+        state.pairing_until = Some(Instant::now() - Duration::from_secs(1));
+        state.observe_bond(peer, true);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer, None);
+        state.pairing_until = Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(120));
+        state.peer = Some("10:6F:D9:66:97:89".into());
+        state.observe_bond(peer, true);
+        assert_eq!(state.peer.as_deref(), Some("10:6F:D9:66:97:89"));
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+pub struct AdapterInfo {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub address: String,
+    pub powered: bool,
+}
+pub async fn adapters() -> Result<Vec<AdapterInfo>, String> {
+    let session = Session::new().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let mut output = vec![];
+    for name in session.adapter_names().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())? {
+        let adapter = session.adapter(&name).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        output.push(AdapterInfo {
+            name,
+            address: adapter
+                .address()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?
+                .to_string(),
+            powered: adapter.is_powered().await.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?,
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(output)
+}

libs/bluetooth-hid/src/protocol.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+//! Classic HIDP framing and report descriptor.
+use crate::Report;
+pub const MAP: &[u8] = &[
+    0x05, 0x01, 0x09, 0x06, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x85, 0x01, 0x05, 0x07, 0x19, 0xe0, 0x29, 0xe7, 0x15, 0x00,
+    0x25, 0x01, 0x75, 0x01, 0x95, 0x08, 0x81, 0x02, 0x95, 0x01, 0x75, 0x08, 0x81, 0x01, 0x95, 0x05,
+    0x75, 0x01, 0x05, 0x08, 0x19, 0x01, 0x29, 0x05, 0x91, 0x02, 0x95, 0x01, 0x75, 0x03, 0x91, 0x01,
+    0x95, 0x06, 0x75, 0x08, 0x15, 0x00, 0x25, 0x65, 0x05, 0x07, 0x19, 0x00, 0x29, 0x65, 0x81, 0x00,
+    0xc0, 0x05, 0x01, 0x09, 0x02, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x85, 0x02, 0x09, 0x01, 0xa1, 0x00, 0x05, 0x09, 0x19,
+    0x01, 0x29, 0x05, 0x15, 0x00, 0x25, 0x01, 0x95, 0x05, 0x75, 0x01, 0x81, 0x02, 0x95, 0x01, 0x75,
+    0x03, 0x81, 0x01, 0x05, 0x01, 0x09, 0x30, 0x09, 0x31, 0x09, 0x38, 0x15, 0x81, 0x25, 0x7f, 0x75,
+    0x08, 0x95, 0x03, 0x81, 0x06, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x05, 0x0c, 0x09, 0x01, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x85, 0x03, 0x15,
+    0x00, 0x26, 0xff, 0x03, 0x19, 0x00, 0x2a, 0xff, 0x03, 0x75, 0x10, 0x95, 0x01, 0x81, 0x00, 0xc0,
+];
+
+pub const HID_UUID: &str = "00001124-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";
+pub fn sdp() -> String {
+    let hex: String = MAP.iter().map(|byte| format!("{byte:02x}")).collect();
+    format!(
+        r#"<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<record>
+  <attribute id="0x0001"><sequence><uuid value="0x1124"/></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0004"><sequence><sequence><uuid value="0x0100"/><uint16 value="0x0011"/></sequence><sequence><uuid value="0x0011"/></sequence></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0005"><sequence><uuid value="0x1002"/></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0006"><sequence><uint16 value="0x656e"/><uint16 value="0x006a"/><uint16 value="0x0100"/></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0009"><sequence><sequence><uuid value="0x1124"/><uint16 value="0x0100"/></sequence></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x000d"><sequence><sequence><sequence><uuid value="0x0100"/><uint16 value="0x0013"/></sequence><sequence><uuid value="0x0011"/></sequence></sequence></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0100"><text value="One-KVM Keyboard and Mouse"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0101"><text value="Classic Bluetooth HID"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0102"><text value="One-KVM"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0200"><uint16 value="0x0100"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0201"><uint16 value="0x0111"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0202"><uint8 value="0xc0"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0203"><uint8 value="0x00"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0204"><boolean value="false"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0205"><boolean value="false"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0206"><sequence><sequence><uint8 value="0x22"/><text encoding="hex" value="{hex}"/></sequence></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0207"><sequence><sequence><uint16 value="0x0409"/><uint16 value="0x0100"/></sequence></sequence></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x0209"><boolean value="false"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x020a"><boolean value="false"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x020b"><uint16 value="0x0100"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x020c"><uint16 value="0x0c80"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x020d"><boolean value="true"/></attribute>
+  <attribute id="0x020e"><boolean value="true"/></attribute>
+</record>"#
+    )
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct HidProtocol {
+    pub boot: bool,
+    pub suspended: bool,
+    pub leds: u8,
+    pub keyboard: [u8; 8],
+    pub buttons: u8,
+    pub consumer: [u8; 2],
+}
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ControlResult {
+    pub reply: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    pub unplug: bool,
+    pub reset: bool,
+}
+impl HidProtocol {
+    pub fn input(&mut self, kind: Report, value: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+        if value.len() != kind.len() {
+            return Err("Invalid HID report length".into());
+        }
+        if self.suspended {
+            return Err("Bluetooth HID is suspended".into());
+        }
+        let mut packet = vec![0xa1, kind.id()];
+        match kind {
+            Report::Keyboard => {
+                self.keyboard.copy_from_slice(value);
+                packet.extend_from_slice(value);
+            }
+            Report::Mouse => {
+                self.buttons = value[0];
+                packet.extend_from_slice(&value[..if self.boot { 3 } else { 4 }]);
+                if self.boot {
+                    packet[2] &= 7;
+                }
+            }
+            Report::Consumer if !self.boot => {
+                self.consumer.copy_from_slice(value);
+                packet.extend_from_slice(value);
+            }
+            Report::Consumer => return Err("Consumer keys unavailable in boot protocol".into()),
+        }
+        Ok(packet)
+    }
+    pub fn release(&mut self) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+        self.keyboard = [0; 8];
+        self.buttons = 0;
+        self.consumer = [0; 2];
+        let mut packets = vec![
+            vec![0xa1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+            if self.boot {
+                vec![0xa1, 2, 0, 0, 0]
+            } else {
+                vec![0xa1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+            },
+        ];
+        if !self.boot {
+            packets.push(vec![0xa1, 3, 0, 0]);
+        }
+        packets
+    }
+    pub fn output(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> bool {
+        if data.len() == 3 && data[0] == 0xa2 && data[1] == 1 {
+            self.leds = data[2] & 0x1f;
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn control(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> ControlResult {
+        let mut result = ControlResult::default();
+        let handshake = |code| ControlResult {
+            reply: Some(vec![code]),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let Some(&header) = data.first() else {
+            return handshake(4);
+        };
+        match header {
+            0x13 if data.len() == 1 => {
+                self.suspended = true;
+                result.reset = true;
+            }
+            0x14 if data.len() == 1 => {
+                self.suspended = false;
+                result.reset = true;
+            }
+            0x15 if data.len() == 1 => {
+                result.unplug = true;
+            }
+            0x11 | 0x12 if data.len() == 1 => {
+                self.suspended = false;
+                result.reset = true;
+            }
+            0x60 if data.len() == 1 => {
+                result.reply = Some(vec![0xa0, if self.boot { 0 } else { 1 }]);
+            }
+            0x70 | 0x71 if data.len() == 1 => {
+                self.boot = header == 0x70;
+                result.reply = Some(vec![0]);
+                result.reset = true;
+            }
+            0x52 if data.len() == 3 && data[1] == 1 => {
+                self.leds = data[2] & 0x1f;
+                return handshake(0);
+            }
+            0x41 | 0x49 | 0x42 | 0x4a => {
+                let sized = header & 8 != 0;
+                if data.len() != if sized { 4 } else { 2 } {
+                    return handshake(4);
+                }
+                let mut report = vec![0xa0 | (header & 3), data[1]];
+                match (header & 3, data[1]) {
+                    (1, 1) => report.extend(self.keyboard),
+                    (1, 2) => report.extend(if self.boot {
+                        vec![self.buttons & 7, 0, 0]
+                    } else {
+                        vec![self.buttons, 0, 0, 0]
+                    }),
+                    (1, 3) if !self.boot => report.extend(self.consumer),
+                    (2, 1) => report.push(self.leds),
+                    _ => return handshake(2),
+                }
+                if sized {
+                    report.truncate(1 + u16::from_le_bytes([data[2], data[3]]) as usize);
+                }
+                result.reply = Some(report);
+            }
+            _ => return handshake(3), // ERR_UNSUPPORTED_REQUEST
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn classic_frames_and_boot_protocol() {
+        let mut hid = HidProtocol::default();
+        assert_eq!(
+            hid.input(Report::Keyboard, &[2, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
+                .unwrap(),
+            [0xa1, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(hid.control(&[0x60]).reply.unwrap(), [0xa0, 1]);
+        assert_eq!(hid.control(&[0x70]).reply.unwrap(), [0]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            hid.input(Report::Mouse, &[0x1f, 127, 128, 1]).unwrap(),
+            [0xa1, 2, 7, 127, 128]
+        );
+        assert!(hid.input(Report::Consumer, &[0, 0]).is_err());
+        assert!(hid.input(Report::Keyboard, &[0]).is_err());
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn led_read_write_and_errors() {
+        let mut hid = HidProtocol::default();
+        assert!(hid.output(&[0xa2, 1, 3]));
+        assert_eq!(hid.leds, 3);
+        assert_eq!(hid.control(&[0x42, 1]).reply.unwrap(), [0xa2, 1, 3]);
+        assert_eq!(hid.control(&[0x52, 1, 2]).reply.unwrap(), [0]);
+        assert_eq!(hid.leds, 2);
+        assert_eq!(hid.control(&[0x41, 99]).reply.unwrap(), [2]);
+        assert_eq!(hid.control(&[0x41]).reply.unwrap(), [4]);
+        assert_eq!(hid.control(&[0x90, 0]).reply.unwrap(), [3]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            hid.control(&[0x49, 1, 3, 0]).reply.unwrap(),
+            [0xa1, 1, 0, 0]
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn suspend_reset_and_virtual_unplug() {
+        let mut hid = HidProtocol::default();
+        assert!(hid.control(&[0x13]).reset);
+        assert!(hid.input(Report::Mouse, &[0; 4]).is_err());
+        assert!(hid.control(&[0x14]).reset);
+        assert!(hid.input(Report::Mouse, &[0; 4]).is_ok());
+        assert!(hid.control(&[0x15]).unplug);
+        hid.keyboard[2] = 4;
+        hid.buttons = 1;
+        assert_eq!(hid.release().len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(hid.keyboard, [0; 8]);
+        assert_eq!(hid.buttons, 0);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn sdp_describes_both_classic_channels() {
+        let record = sdp();
+        assert!(record.contains("uuid value=\"0x1124\""));
+        assert!(record.contains("uint16 value=\"0x0011\""));
+        assert!(record.contains("uint16 value=\"0x0013\""));
+        assert!(!record.contains("0x1812"));
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn descriptor_report_sizes() {
+        let (mut pos, mut size, mut count, mut id, mut depth) = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        let mut input = [0; 4];
+        let mut output = [0; 4];
+        while pos < MAP.len() {
+            let prefix = MAP[pos];
+            pos += 1;
+            let length = [0, 1, 2, 4][(prefix & 3) as usize];
+            let mut value = 0;
+            for i in 0..length {
+                value |= (MAP[pos + i] as usize) << (8 * i);
+            }
+            pos += length;
+            match ((prefix >> 2) & 3, prefix >> 4) {
+                (1, 7) => size = value,
+                (1, 8) => id = value,
+                (1, 9) => count = value,
+                (0, 8) => input[id] += size * count,
+                (0, 9) => output[id] += size * count,
+                (0, 10) => depth += 1,
+                (0, 12) => depth -= 1,
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        assert_eq!(depth, 0);
+        assert_eq!(input, [0, 64, 32, 16]);
+        assert_eq!(output, [0, 8, 0, 0]);
+    }
+}

libs/hwcodec/.gitignore

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 /ffmpeg/linux/debug
 !/ffmpeg/mac
 /ffmpeg/mac/debug
-!/ffmpeg/android
-/ffmpeg/android/debug
 !/ffmpeg/ios
 /ffmpeg/ios/debug
 /input

libs/hwcodec/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ ignored = ["serde"]
 
 [features]
 default = []
+bytes = ["dep:bytes"]
 rkmpp = []
 
 [dependencies]
 log = "0.4"
+bytes = { version = "1", optional = true }
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 cc = "1.0"
-bindgen = "0.59"
+bindgen = "0.72"

libs/hwcodec/README.md

@@ -41,18 +41,6 @@ Based on the information above, there are several optimizations and changes made
 * remove hevc_vaapi because of possible poor quality
 * amf: not tested, https://github.com/GPUOpen-LibrariesAndSDKs/AMF/issues/378
 
-### MacOS
-
-| FFmpeg ram encode   | FFmpeg ram decode   |
-| ------------------  | ------------------  |
-| h265 only           | Y                   |
-
-### Android
-
-| FFmpeg ram encode   |
-| ------------------  |
-| Y                   |
-
 ## System requirements
 
 * intel
@@ -76,4 +64,3 @@ Based on the information above, there are several optimizations and changes made
   https://docs.nvidia.com/video-technologies/video-codec-sdk/11.1/read-me/index.html
 
   https://developer.nvidia.com/video-encode-and-decode-gpu-support-matrix-new?ncid=em-prod-816193
-

libs/hwcodec/build.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 fn main() {
-    let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    // Read the current source path when running, since build artifacts may move.
+    let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap());
     let cpp_dir = manifest_dir.join("cpp");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", cpp_dir.display());
@@ -17,15 +18,16 @@ fn main() {
 }
 
 fn build_common(builder: &mut Build) {
-    let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+    let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap());
     let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
     let common_dir = manifest_dir.join("cpp").join("common");
 
-    bindgen::builder()
+    let bindings = bindgen::builder()
         .header(common_dir.join("common.h").to_string_lossy().to_string())
         .header(common_dir.join("callback.h").to_string_lossy().to_string())
-        .rustified_enum("*")
-        .parse_callbacks(Box::new(CommonCallbacks))
+        .rustified_enum(".*")
+        .parse_callbacks(Box::new(CommonCallbacks));
+    bindings
         .generate()
         .unwrap()
         .write_to_file(Path::new(&env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("common_ffi.rs"))
@@ -34,7 +36,9 @@ fn build_common(builder: &mut Build) {
     // system
     #[cfg(windows)]
     {
-        ["d3d11", "dxgi"].map(|lib| println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}", lib));
+        for lib in ["d3d11", "dxgi"] {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}", lib);
+        }
     }
 
     builder.include(&common_dir);
@@ -69,9 +73,9 @@ fn build_common(builder: &mut Build) {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct CommonCallbacks;
 impl bindgen::callbacks::ParseCallbacks for CommonCallbacks {
-    fn add_derives(&self, name: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    fn add_derives(&self, info: &bindgen::callbacks::DeriveInfo<'_>) -> Vec<String> {
         let names = vec!["DataFormat", "SurfaceFormat", "API"];
-        if names.contains(&name) {
+        if names.contains(&info.name) {
             vec!["Serialize", "Deserialize"]
                 .drain(..)
                 .map(|s| s.to_string())
@@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         ffmpeg_ffi();
 
         // Try VCPKG first, fallback to system FFmpeg via pkg-config
-        if let Ok(vcpkg_root) = std::env::var("VCPKG_ROOT") {
-            link_vcpkg(builder, vcpkg_root.into());
+        if let Some(vcpkg_installed) = vcpkg_installed_root() {
+            link_vcpkg(builder, vcpkg_installed);
         } else {
             // Use system FFmpeg via pkg-config
             link_system_ffmpeg(builder);
@@ -99,6 +103,23 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         link_os();
         build_ffmpeg_ram(builder);
         build_ffmpeg_hw(builder);
+        build_ffmpeg_capture(builder);
+    }
+
+    fn vcpkg_installed_root() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR");
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VCPKG_ROOT");
+
+        if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR") {
+            if !path.trim().is_empty() {
+                return Some(PathBuf::from(path));
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::env::var("VCPKG_ROOT")
+            .ok()
+            .filter(|path| !path.trim().is_empty())
+            .map(|path| PathBuf::from(path).join("installed"))
     }
 
     /// Link system FFmpeg using pkg-config or custom path
@@ -142,7 +163,7 @@ mod ffmpeg {
                 println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=avcodec");
                 println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=avutil");
 
-                // Link hardware acceleration dependencies (dynamic)
+                // Link hardware acceleration dependencies
                 // These vary by architecture
                 if target_arch == "x86_64" {
                     // VAAPI for x86_64
@@ -151,13 +172,11 @@ mod ffmpeg {
                     println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=va-x11"); // Required for vaGetDisplay
                     println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=mfx");
                 } else {
-                    // RKMPP for ARM
-                    println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=rockchip_mpp");
-                    let rga_static = lib_dir.join("librga.a");
-                    if rga_static.exists() {
-                        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=rga");
-                    } else {
-                        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=rga");
+                    for lib in ["rockchip_mpp", "rga"] {
+                        if !lib_dir.join(format!("lib{lib}.a")).exists() {
+                            panic!("missing static library: lib{lib}.a");
+                        }
+                        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}", lib);
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -216,12 +235,6 @@ mod ffmpeg {
                                 // For static linking, link FFmpeg libs statically, others dynamically
                                 if lib_name.starts_with("av") || lib_name == "swresample" {
                                     println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}", lib_name);
-                                } else if lib_name == "rga"
-                                    && link_paths
-                                        .iter()
-                                        .any(|path| Path::new(path).join("librga.a").exists())
-                                {
-                                    println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=rga");
                                 } else {
                                     // Runtime libraries (va, drm, etc.) must be dynamic
                                     println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}", lib_name);
@@ -271,7 +284,6 @@ mod ffmpeg {
             target = target.replace("x64", "x86");
         }
         println!("cargo:info={}", target);
-        path.push("installed");
         path.push(target);
 
         println!(
@@ -282,15 +294,26 @@ mod ffmpeg {
             )
         );
         {
-            // Only need avcodec and avutil for encoding
+            // avdevice/avformat are needed by the Windows DirectShow capture bridge.
             let mut static_libs = vec!["avcodec", "avutil"];
             if target_os == "windows" {
-                static_libs.push("libmfx");
+                static_libs.extend([
+                    "avformat",
+                    "avdevice",
+                    "avfilter",
+                    "swresample",
+                    "swscale",
+                    "vpx",
+                    "libx264",
+                    "x265-static",
+                ]);
+            }
+            for lib in static_libs {
+                println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}", lib);
+            }
+            if target_os == "windows" {
+                link_windows_qsv_lib(&path.join("lib"));
             }
-            static_libs
-                .iter()
-                .map(|lib| println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}", lib))
-                .count();
         }
 
         let include = path.join("include");
@@ -299,12 +322,28 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         include
     }
 
+    fn link_windows_qsv_lib(lib_dir: &Path) {
+        if lib_dir.join("libmfx.lib").exists() {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=libmfx");
+            println!("cargo:info=Using Windows QSV support library libmfx.lib");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        println!(
+            "cargo:warning=Windows QSV support library not found in {}",
+            lib_dir.display()
+        );
+    }
+
     fn link_os() {
         let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
         let target_arch = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ARCH").unwrap();
 
         let dyn_libs: Vec<&str> = if target_os == "windows" {
-            ["User32", "bcrypt", "ole32", "advapi32"].to_vec()
+            [
+                "User32", "bcrypt", "ole32", "advapi32", "mfuuid", "strmiids",
+            ]
+            .to_vec()
         } else if target_os == "linux" {
             // Base libraries for all Linux platforms
             let mut v = vec!["drm", "stdc++"];
@@ -329,14 +368,13 @@ mod ffmpeg {
     }
 
     fn ffmpeg_ffi() {
-        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap());
         let ffmpeg_ram_dir = manifest_dir.join("cpp").join("common");
         let ffi_header_path = ffmpeg_ram_dir.join("ffmpeg_ffi.h");
         println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", ffi_header_path.display());
         let ffi_header = ffi_header_path.to_string_lossy().to_string();
-        bindgen::builder()
-            .header(ffi_header)
-            .rustified_enum("*")
+        let bindings = bindgen::builder().header(ffi_header).rustified_enum(".*");
+        bindings
             .generate()
             .unwrap()
             .write_to_file(Path::new(&env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("ffmpeg_ffi.rs"))
@@ -344,15 +382,14 @@ mod ffmpeg {
     }
 
     fn build_ffmpeg_ram(builder: &mut Build) {
-        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap());
         let ffmpeg_ram_dir = manifest_dir.join("cpp").join("ffmpeg_ram");
         let ffi_header = ffmpeg_ram_dir
             .join("ffmpeg_ram_ffi.h")
             .to_string_lossy()
             .to_string();
-        bindgen::builder()
-            .header(ffi_header)
-            .rustified_enum("*")
+        let bindings = bindgen::builder().header(ffi_header).rustified_enum(".*");
+        bindings
             .generate()
             .unwrap()
             .write_to_file(Path::new(&env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("ffmpeg_ram_ffi.rs"))
@@ -367,6 +404,9 @@ mod ffmpeg {
             || std::env::var_os("CARGO_FEATURE_RKMPP").is_some();
         if enable_rkmpp {
             builder.file(ffmpeg_ram_dir.join("ffmpeg_ram_decode.cpp"));
+            if enable_rkmpp {
+                builder.define("ONE_KVM_FFMPEG_RKMPP", None);
+            }
         } else {
             println!(
                 "cargo:info=Skipping ffmpeg_ram_decode.cpp (RKMPP) for arch {}",
@@ -375,8 +415,36 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         }
     }
 
+    fn build_ffmpeg_capture(builder: &mut Build) {
+        let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap_or_default();
+        if target_os != "windows" {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap());
+        let capture_header = manifest_dir
+            .join("cpp")
+            .join("ffmpeg_capture_ffi.h")
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .to_string();
+        bindgen::builder()
+            .header(capture_header)
+            .rustified_enum(".*")
+            .generate()
+            .unwrap()
+            .write_to_file(
+                Path::new(&env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("ffmpeg_capture_ffi.rs"),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+        builder.file(manifest_dir.join("cpp").join("ffmpeg_capture.cpp"));
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=strmiids");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=oleaut32");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=quartz");
+    }
+
     fn build_ffmpeg_hw(builder: &mut Build) {
-        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env::var_os("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").unwrap());
         let ffmpeg_hw_dir = manifest_dir.join("cpp").join("ffmpeg_hw");
         let ffi_header = ffmpeg_hw_dir
             .join("ffmpeg_hw_ffi.h")
@@ -384,7 +452,7 @@ mod ffmpeg {
             .to_string();
         bindgen::builder()
             .header(ffi_header)
-            .rustified_enum("*")
+            .rustified_enum(".*")
             .generate()
             .unwrap()
             .write_to_file(Path::new(&env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("ffmpeg_hw_ffi.rs"))
@@ -420,6 +488,7 @@ mod ffmpeg {
                 }
             }
             builder.file(ffmpeg_hw_dir.join("ffmpeg_hw_mjpeg_h26x.cpp"));
+            builder.file(ffmpeg_hw_dir.join("rkmpp_dmabuf.cpp"));
         } else {
             println!(
                 "cargo:info=Skipping ffmpeg_hw_mjpeg_h26x.cpp (RKMPP) for arch {}",

libs/hwcodec/cpp/common/platform/linux/linux.cpp

@@ -122,12 +122,12 @@ int linux_support_v4l2m2m() {
     if (!file.is_open()) {
       return false;
     }
-    std::getline(file, *out);
+    std::getline(file, *out, '\0');
     return !out->empty();
   };
 
-  auto allow_video0_probe = []() -> bool {
-    const char *env = std::getenv("ONE_KVM_V4L2M2M_ALLOW_VIDEO0");
+  auto v4l2m2m_allowed = []() -> bool {
+    const char *env = std::getenv("ONE_KVM_V4L2M2M_ALLOW");
     if (env == nullptr) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -137,30 +137,152 @@ int linux_support_v4l2m2m() {
     return std::strcmp(env, "0") != 0;
   };
 
-  auto is_amlogic_vdec = [&]() -> bool {
-    std::string name;
-    std::string modalias;
-    if (read_text_file("/sys/class/video4linux/video0/name", &name)) {
-      const std::string lowered = to_lower(name);
-      if (lowered.find("meson") != std::string::npos ||
-          lowered.find("vdec") != std::string::npos ||
-          lowered.find("decoder") != std::string::npos ||
-          lowered.find("video-decoder") != std::string::npos) {
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    if (read_text_file("/sys/class/video4linux/video0/device/modalias", &modalias)) {
-      const std::string lowered = to_lower(modalias);
-      if (lowered.find("amlogic") != std::string::npos ||
-          lowered.find("meson") != std::string::npos ||
-          lowered.find("gxl-vdec") != std::string::npos ||
-          lowered.find("gx-vdec") != std::string::npos) {
+  auto contains_any = [](const std::string &value, const char *const *needles, size_t len) -> bool {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+      if (value.find(needles[i]) != std::string::npos) {
         return true;
       }
     }
     return false;
   };
 
+  auto is_qcom_platform = [&]() -> bool {
+    const char *platform_hints[] = {
+      "qcom",
+      "qualcomm",
+      "venus",
+      "iris",
+      "sc7280",
+      "qcm6490",
+      "qcs6490",
+    };
+
+    const char *platform_files[] = {
+      "/proc/device-tree/compatible",
+      "/proc/device-tree/model",
+      "/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/compatible",
+      "/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/model",
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(platform_files) / sizeof(platform_files[0]); i++) {
+      std::string value;
+      if (read_text_file(platform_files[i], &value) &&
+          contains_any(to_lower(value), platform_hints,
+                       sizeof(platform_hints) / sizeof(platform_hints[0]))) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const char *video_nodes[] = {
+      "video0",
+      "video1",
+      "video2",
+      "video3",
+      "video10",
+      "video11",
+      "video32",
+    };
+    const char *video_hints[] = {
+      "qcom-iris",
+      "qcom,",
+      "venus",
+      "iris",
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(video_nodes) / sizeof(video_nodes[0]); i++) {
+      std::string name;
+      std::string modalias;
+      const std::string base = std::string("/sys/class/video4linux/") + video_nodes[i];
+      if (read_text_file((base + "/name").c_str(), &name) &&
+          contains_any(to_lower(name), video_hints, sizeof(video_hints) / sizeof(video_hints[0]))) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (read_text_file((base + "/device/modalias").c_str(), &modalias) &&
+          contains_any(to_lower(modalias), video_hints,
+                       sizeof(video_hints) / sizeof(video_hints[0]))) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  auto is_amlogic_platform = [&]() -> bool {
+    const char *platform_hints[] = {
+      "amlogic",
+      "meson",
+      "gxl",
+      "gxbb",
+      "gxm",
+      "g12a",
+      "g12b",
+      "sm1",
+    };
+
+    const char *platform_files[] = {
+      "/proc/device-tree/compatible",
+      "/proc/device-tree/model",
+      "/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/compatible",
+      "/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/model",
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(platform_files) / sizeof(platform_files[0]); i++) {
+      std::string value;
+      if (read_text_file(platform_files[i], &value) &&
+          contains_any(to_lower(value), platform_hints,
+                       sizeof(platform_hints) / sizeof(platform_hints[0]))) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const char *video_nodes[] = {
+      "video0",
+      "video1",
+      "video2",
+      "video10",
+      "video11",
+      "video32",
+    };
+    const char *vdec_hints[] = {
+      "meson",
+      "amlogic",
+      "vdec",
+      "decoder",
+      "video-decoder",
+      "gxl-vdec",
+      "gx-vdec",
+    };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(video_nodes) / sizeof(video_nodes[0]); i++) {
+      std::string name;
+      std::string modalias;
+      const std::string base = std::string("/sys/class/video4linux/") + video_nodes[i];
+      if (read_text_file((base + "/name").c_str(), &name) &&
+          contains_any(to_lower(name), vdec_hints, sizeof(vdec_hints) / sizeof(vdec_hints[0]))) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (read_text_file((base + "/device/modalias").c_str(), &modalias) &&
+          contains_any(to_lower(modalias), vdec_hints,
+                       sizeof(vdec_hints) / sizeof(vdec_hints[0]))) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  const bool qcom_platform = is_qcom_platform();
+  const bool amlogic_platform = !qcom_platform && is_amlogic_platform();
+  if (amlogic_platform && !v4l2m2m_allowed()) {
+    LOG_WARN(std::string(
+        "V4L2 M2M: skipped probe on Amlogic platform; set ONE_KVM_V4L2M2M_ALLOW=1 to enable"));
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  if (amlogic_platform) {
+    LOG_WARN(std::string("V4L2 M2M: ONE_KVM_V4L2M2M_ALLOW is set; probing Amlogic video nodes"));
+  }
+
   // Check common V4L2 M2M device paths used by various ARM SoCs
   // /dev/video10 - Standard on many SoCs
   // /dev/video11 - Standard on many SoCs (often decoder)
@@ -179,13 +301,6 @@ int linux_support_v4l2m2m() {
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(m2m_devices) / sizeof(m2m_devices[0]); i++) {
     if (access(m2m_devices[i], F_OK) == 0) {
-      if (std::strcmp(m2m_devices[i], "/dev/video0") == 0) {
-        if (!allow_video0_probe() && is_amlogic_vdec()) {
-          LOG_TRACE(std::string("V4L2 M2M: Skipping /dev/video0 (Amlogic vdec)"));
-          continue;
-        }
-      }
-
       // Device exists, check if it's an M2M device by trying to open it
       int fd = open(m2m_devices[i], O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
       if (fd >= 0) {

libs/hwcodec/cpp/common/util.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavutil/opt.h>
 }
 
 #include "util.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <fstream>
 #include <limits>
 #include <map>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ bool is_software_h264(const std::string &name) {
   // Exclude all hardware encoders
   static const char* hw_suffixes[] = {
     "nvenc", "amf", "qsv", "vaapi", "rkmpp",
-    "v4l2m2m", "videotoolbox", "mediacodec", "_mf"
+    "v4l2m2m", "videotoolbox", "_mf"
   };
   for (const auto& suffix : hw_suffixes) {
     if (name.find(suffix) != std::string::npos) return false;
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ bool is_software_hevc(const std::string &name) {
   if (name != "hevc" && name != "libx265") return false;
   static const char* hw_suffixes[] = {
     "nvenc", "amf", "qsv", "vaapi", "rkmpp",
-    "v4l2m2m", "videotoolbox", "mediacodec", "_mf"
+    "v4l2m2m", "videotoolbox", "_mf"
   };
   for (const auto& suffix : hw_suffixes) {
     if (name.find(suffix) != std::string::npos) return false;
@@ -44,17 +48,46 @@ bool is_software_hevc(const std::string &name) {
   return true;
 }
 
+bool is_qcom_iris_driver() {
+  const char *driver_path = "/sys/class/video4linux/video1/name";
+  std::ifstream file(driver_path);
+  if (!file.is_open()) return false;
+
+  std::string value;
+  std::getline(file, value, '\0');
+  std::transform(value.begin(), value.end(), value.begin(), [](unsigned char c) {
+    return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c));
+  });
+  return value.find("qcom-iris") != std::string::npos ||
+         value.find("iris-encoder") != std::string::npos ||
+         value.find("iris") != std::string::npos;
+}
+
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 namespace util_encode {
 
+bool is_qcom_iris_platform() {
+  return is_qcom_iris_driver();
+}
+
+bool supports_forced_keyframe(const std::string &name) {
+  if (name.find("v4l2m2m") != std::string::npos && is_qcom_iris_platform()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 void set_av_codec_ctx(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int kbs,
                       int gop, int fps, int thread_count) {
   c->has_b_frames = 0;
   c->max_b_frames = 0;
-  if (gop > 0 && gop < std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max()) {
-    c->gop_size = gop;
-    c->keyint_min = gop; // Match keyint_min to gop for consistent keyframe interval
+  const bool qcom_iris_v4l2 =
+      name.find("v4l2m2m") != std::string::npos && is_qcom_iris_platform();
+  const int effective_gop = qcom_iris_v4l2 ? std::max(5, fps / 3) : gop;
+  if (effective_gop > 0 && effective_gop < std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max()) {
+    c->gop_size = effective_gop;
+    c->keyint_min = effective_gop; // Match keyint_min to gop for consistent keyframe interval
   } else if (name.find("vaapi") != std::string::npos) {
     c->gop_size = fps > 0 ? fps : 30; // Default to 1 second keyframe interval
     c->keyint_min = c->gop_size;
@@ -99,13 +132,12 @@ void set_av_codec_ctx(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int kbs,
   c->color_primaries = AVCOL_PRI_SMPTE170M;
   c->color_trc = AVCOL_TRC_SMPTE170M;
 
-  // Profile selection: use BASELINE for software H264 (faster, simpler)
-  if (is_software_h264(name)) {
-    c->profile = FF_PROFILE_H264_BASELINE;  // Simpler profile for real-time
-  } else if (name.find("h264") != std::string::npos) {
-    c->profile = FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH;
+  // WebRTC SDP advertises constrained baseline. Keep hardware and software
+  // encoders on the same browser-friendly H264 profile.
+  if (name.find("h264") != std::string::npos) {
+    c->profile = AV_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE;
   } else if (name.find("hevc") != std::string::npos) {
-    c->profile = FF_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN;
+    c->profile = AV_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN;
   }
 }
 
@@ -120,8 +152,8 @@ bool set_lantency_free(void *priv_data, const std::string &name) {
   }
   if (name.find("amf") != std::string::npos) {
     if ((ret = av_opt_set(priv_data, "query_timeout", "1000", 0)) < 0) {
-      LOG_ERROR(std::string("amf set_lantency_free failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
-      return false;
+      LOG_DEBUG(std::string("amf query_timeout option is unavailable, ret = ") +
+                av_err2str(ret));
     }
   }
   if (name.find("qsv") != std::string::npos) {
@@ -140,7 +172,8 @@ bool set_lantency_free(void *priv_data, const std::string &name) {
   if (name.find("rkmpp") != std::string::npos) {
     // Set async_depth to 1 for minimal buffering (0 = synchronous, higher = more buffering)
     if ((ret = av_opt_set(priv_data, "async_depth", "1", 0)) < 0) {
-      LOG_WARN(std::string("rkmpp set async_depth failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
+      LOG_DEBUG(std::string("rkmpp async_depth option is unavailable, ret = ") +
+                av_err2str(ret));
       // Not fatal - older FFmpeg versions may not support this option
     }
   }
@@ -148,11 +181,14 @@ bool set_lantency_free(void *priv_data, const std::string &name) {
   if (name.find("v4l2m2m") != std::string::npos) {
     // Minimize number of output buffers for lower latency
     if ((ret = av_opt_set_int(priv_data, "num_output_buffers", 4, 0)) < 0) {
-      LOG_WARN(std::string("v4l2m2m set num_output_buffers failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
+      LOG_DEBUG(std::string("v4l2m2m num_output_buffers option is unavailable, ret = ") +
+                av_err2str(ret));
       // Not fatal
     }
-    if ((ret = av_opt_set_int(priv_data, "num_capture_buffers", 4, 0)) < 0) {
-      LOG_WARN(std::string("v4l2m2m set num_capture_buffers failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
+    const int capture_buffers = is_qcom_iris_driver() ? 12 : 8;
+    if ((ret = av_opt_set_int(priv_data, "num_capture_buffers", capture_buffers, 0)) < 0) {
+      LOG_DEBUG(std::string("v4l2m2m num_capture_buffers option is unavailable, ret = ") +
+                av_err2str(ret));
       // Not fatal
     }
   }
@@ -306,23 +342,6 @@ bool set_quality(void *priv_data, const std::string &name, int quality) {
       break;
     }
   }
-  if (name.find("mediacodec") != std::string::npos) {
-    if (name.find("h264") != std::string::npos) {
-      if ((ret = av_opt_set(priv_data, "level", "5.1", 0)) < 0) {
-        LOG_ERROR(std::string("mediacodec set opt level 5.1 failed, ret = ") +
-                  av_err2str(ret));
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    if (name.find("hevc") != std::string::npos) {
-      // https:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding_tiers_and_levels
-      if ((ret = av_opt_set(priv_data, "level", "h5.1", 0)) < 0) {
-        LOG_ERROR(std::string("mediacodec set opt level h5.1 failed, ret = ") +
-                  av_err2str(ret));
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-  }
   // libx264 software encoder presets
   if (is_software_h264(name)) {
     const char* preset = nullptr;
@@ -378,6 +397,33 @@ struct CodecOptions {
 
 bool set_rate_control(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int rc,
                       int q) {
+  // Remote-desktop content is usually sparse. VBR avoids padding static
+  // frames up to the target bitrate while allowing short bursts for screen
+  // changes. Keep those bursts bounded at twice the target bitrate.
+  if (rc == RC_VBR && c->bit_rate > 0) {
+    c->rc_max_rate = c->bit_rate * 2;
+    c->rc_buffer_size = c->rc_max_rate;
+  }
+
+  if (name.find("vaapi") != std::string::npos && rc == RC_CQ) {
+    // Used only after the normal bitrate-based VAAPI initialization fails.
+    // Some drivers, including Intel iHD on Jasper Lake, expose CQP as their
+    // only compatible rate-control mode.
+    c->bit_rate = 0;
+    c->rc_min_rate = 0;
+    c->rc_max_rate = 0;
+    c->rc_buffer_size = 0;
+    c->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy = 0;
+
+    const int qp = q > 0 ? q : 23;
+    const int ret = av_opt_set_int(c->priv_data, "qp", qp, 0);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      LOG_ERROR(std::string("vaapi set qp failed, ret = ") +
+                av_err2str(ret));
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
   if (name.find("qsv") != std::string::npos) {
     // https://github.com/LizardByte/Sunshine/blob/3e47cd3cc8fd37a7a88be82444ff4f3c0022856b/src/video.cpp#L1635
     c->strict_std_compliance = FF_COMPLIANCE_UNOFFICIAL;
@@ -385,9 +431,6 @@ bool set_rate_control(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int rc,
   std::vector<CodecOptions> codecs = {
       {"nvenc", "rc", {{RC_CBR, "cbr"}, {RC_VBR, "vbr"}}},
       {"amf", "rc", {{RC_CBR, "cbr"}, {RC_VBR, "vbr_latency"}}},
-      {"mediacodec",
-       "bitrate_mode",
-       {{RC_CBR, "cbr"}, {RC_VBR, "vbr"}, {RC_CQ, "cq"}}},
       // {"videotoolbox", "constant_bit_rate", {{RC_CBR, "1"}}},
     };
 
@@ -402,13 +445,6 @@ bool set_rate_control(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int rc,
                     it->second + " failed, ret = " + av_err2str(ret));
           return false;
         }
-        if (name.find("mediacodec") != std::string::npos) {
-          if (rc == RC_CQ) {
-            if (q >= 0 && q <= 51) {
-              c->global_quality = q;
-            }
-          }
-        }
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -467,6 +503,10 @@ bool set_others(void *priv_data, const std::string &name) {
 bool change_bit_rate(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int kbs) {
   if (kbs > 0) {
     c->bit_rate = kbs * 1000;
+    if (c->rc_max_rate > 0 && name.find("qsv") == std::string::npos) {
+      c->rc_max_rate = c->bit_rate * 2;
+      c->rc_buffer_size = c->rc_max_rate;
+    }
     if (name.find("qsv") != std::string::npos) {
       c->rc_max_rate = c->bit_rate;
     }

libs/hwcodec/cpp/common/util.h

@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ extern "C" {
 
 namespace util_encode {
 
+bool is_qcom_iris_platform();
+bool supports_forced_keyframe(const std::string &name);
+
 void set_av_codec_ctx(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int kbs,
                       int gop, int fps, int thread_count);
 bool set_lantency_free(void *priv_data, const std::string &name);

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_capture.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+#define NOMINMAX
+#include "ffmpeg_capture_ffi.h"
+
+#include <Windows.h>
+#include <dshow.h>
+#include <dvdmedia.h>
+extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/codec_id.h>
+#include <libavdevice/avdevice.h>
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libavutil/avutil.h>
+#include <libavutil/error.h>
+#include <libavutil/pixfmt.h>
+}
+#include <atomic>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "strmiids")
+
+thread_local std::string g_last_error;
+
+struct HwcodecDshowCaptureContext {
+  AVFormatContext* format_ctx = nullptr;
+  int stream_index = -1;
+  int width = 0;
+  int height = 0;
+  int pixel_format = HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  int stride = 0;
+  int timeout_ms = 2000;
+  std::atomic<long long> deadline_ms{0};
+  std::atomic<int> timed_out{0};
+  uint64_t sequence = 0;
+};
+
+namespace {
+struct DshowCapabilityEntry {
+  std::string format;
+  int width = 0;
+  int height = 0;
+  std::vector<int> fps;
+};
+
+const char* requested_pixel_format_name(int requested_format);
+
+void set_last_error(const std::string& message) {
+  g_last_error = message;
+}
+
+std::string ffmpeg_error(int errnum) {
+  char buffer[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE] = {0};
+  av_make_error_string(buffer, sizeof(buffer), errnum);
+  return std::string(buffer);
+}
+
+long long now_ms() {
+  return static_cast<long long>(GetTickCount64());
+}
+
+std::string wide_to_utf8(const wchar_t* value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    return std::string();
+  }
+  int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, value, -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+  if (size <= 1) {
+    return std::string();
+  }
+  std::string result(static_cast<size_t>(size - 1), '\0');
+  WideCharToMultiByte(
+      CP_UTF8,
+      0,
+      value,
+      -1,
+      result.empty() ? nullptr : &result[0],
+      size,
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr);
+  return result;
+}
+
+void add_fps_candidate(std::vector<int>* fps, LONGLONG interval_100ns) {
+  if (!fps || interval_100ns <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  double fps_value = 10000000.0 / static_cast<double>(interval_100ns);
+  int rounded = static_cast<int>(fps_value + 0.5);
+  if (rounded <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (std::find(fps->begin(), fps->end(), rounded) == fps->end()) {
+    fps->push_back(rounded);
+  }
+}
+
+void normalize_fps(std::vector<int>* fps) {
+  if (!fps) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::sort(fps->begin(), fps->end(), std::greater<int>());
+  fps->erase(std::unique(fps->begin(), fps->end()), fps->end());
+}
+
+const char* media_subtype_to_format(const GUID& subtype) {
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_MJPG) {
+    return "MJPEG";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_YUY2) {
+    return "YUYV";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_UYVY) {
+    return "UYVY";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_YVYU) {
+    return "YVYU";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_NV12) {
+    return "NV12";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_RGB24) {
+    return "RGB24";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_RGB32) {
+    return "BGR24";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_IYUV) {
+    return "YUV420";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_YV12) {
+    return "YVU420";
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void free_media_type(AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type) {
+  if (!media_type) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (media_type->cbFormat != 0) {
+    CoTaskMemFree(media_type->pbFormat);
+    media_type->cbFormat = 0;
+    media_type->pbFormat = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (media_type->pUnk != nullptr) {
+    media_type->pUnk->Release();
+    media_type->pUnk = nullptr;
+  }
+  CoTaskMemFree(media_type);
+}
+
+bool fill_capability_entry(
+    const AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type,
+    const VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS* caps,
+    DshowCapabilityEntry* out_entry) {
+  if (!media_type || !out_entry) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const char* format = media_subtype_to_format(media_type->subtype);
+  if (!format) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  LONG width = 0;
+  LONG height = 0;
+  REFERENCE_TIME avg_time_per_frame = 0;
+
+  if (media_type->formattype == FORMAT_VideoInfo && media_type->pbFormat &&
+      media_type->cbFormat >= sizeof(VIDEOINFOHEADER)) {
+    const auto* info = reinterpret_cast<const VIDEOINFOHEADER*>(media_type->pbFormat);
+    width = info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+    height = std::abs(info->bmiHeader.biHeight);
+    avg_time_per_frame = info->AvgTimePerFrame;
+  } else if (media_type->formattype == FORMAT_VideoInfo2 && media_type->pbFormat &&
+             media_type->cbFormat >= sizeof(VIDEOINFOHEADER2)) {
+    const auto* info = reinterpret_cast<const VIDEOINFOHEADER2*>(media_type->pbFormat);
+    width = info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+    height = std::abs(info->bmiHeader.biHeight);
+    avg_time_per_frame = info->AvgTimePerFrame;
+  }
+
+  if ((width <= 0 || height <= 0) && caps) {
+    width = std::max<LONG>(caps->InputSize.cx, caps->MinOutputSize.cx);
+    height = std::max<LONG>(caps->InputSize.cy, caps->MinOutputSize.cy);
+    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+      width = caps->MaxOutputSize.cx;
+      height = caps->MaxOutputSize.cy;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  out_entry->format = format;
+  out_entry->width = static_cast<int>(width);
+  out_entry->height = static_cast<int>(height);
+  out_entry->fps.clear();
+
+  add_fps_candidate(&out_entry->fps, avg_time_per_frame);
+  if (caps) {
+    add_fps_candidate(&out_entry->fps, caps->MinFrameInterval);
+    add_fps_candidate(&out_entry->fps, caps->MaxFrameInterval);
+  }
+  normalize_fps(&out_entry->fps);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void append_stream_capabilities(IAMStreamConfig* stream_config, std::vector<DshowCapabilityEntry>* entries) {
+  if (!stream_config || !entries) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int cap_count = 0;
+  int cap_size = 0;
+  HRESULT hr = stream_config->GetNumberOfCapabilities(&cap_count, &cap_size);
+  if (FAILED(hr) || cap_count <= 0 || cap_size < static_cast<int>(sizeof(VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS))) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<BYTE> caps_buffer(static_cast<size_t>(cap_size));
+  for (int index = 0; index < cap_count; ++index) {
+    AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type = nullptr;
+    hr = stream_config->GetStreamCaps(index, &media_type, caps_buffer.data());
+    if (FAILED(hr) || !media_type) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    DshowCapabilityEntry entry;
+    const auto* caps = reinterpret_cast<const VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS*>(caps_buffer.data());
+    if (fill_capability_entry(media_type, caps, &entry)) {
+      entries->push_back(std::move(entry));
+    }
+
+    free_media_type(media_type);
+  }
+}
+
+bool find_device_filter(const std::string& device_name, IBaseFilter** out_filter) {
+  if (!out_filter) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out_filter = nullptr;
+
+  ICreateDevEnum* dev_enum = nullptr;
+  IEnumMoniker* enum_moniker = nullptr;
+  HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
+      CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum,
+      nullptr,
+      CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
+      IID_ICreateDevEnum,
+      reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dev_enum));
+  if (FAILED(hr) || !dev_enum) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  hr = dev_enum->CreateClassEnumerator(CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory, &enum_moniker, 0);
+  dev_enum->Release();
+  if (hr != S_OK || !enum_moniker) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool found = false;
+  IMoniker* moniker = nullptr;
+  ULONG fetched = 0;
+  while (!found && enum_moniker->Next(1, &moniker, &fetched) == S_OK) {
+    IPropertyBag* bag = nullptr;
+    hr = moniker->BindToStorage(nullptr, nullptr, IID_IPropertyBag, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&bag));
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && bag) {
+      VARIANT name;
+      VariantInit(&name);
+      if (SUCCEEDED(bag->Read(L"FriendlyName", &name, nullptr)) && name.vt == VT_BSTR) {
+        auto utf8_name = wide_to_utf8(name.bstrVal);
+        if (utf8_name == device_name) {
+          hr = moniker->BindToObject(nullptr, nullptr, IID_IBaseFilter, reinterpret_cast<void**>(out_filter));
+          found = SUCCEEDED(hr) && *out_filter != nullptr;
+        }
+      }
+      VariantClear(&name);
+      bag->Release();
+    }
+    moniker->Release();
+  }
+  enum_moniker->Release();
+  return found;
+}
+
+std::string build_capabilities_payload(const std::vector<DshowCapabilityEntry>& entries) {
+  std::string payload;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < entries.size(); ++i) {
+    const auto& entry = entries[i];
+    payload += entry.format;
+    payload.push_back('|');
+    payload += std::to_string(entry.width);
+    payload.push_back('|');
+    payload += std::to_string(entry.height);
+    payload.push_back('|');
+    for (size_t fps_index = 0; fps_index < entry.fps.size(); ++fps_index) {
+      payload += std::to_string(entry.fps[fps_index]);
+      if (fps_index + 1 < entry.fps.size()) {
+        payload.push_back(',');
+      }
+    }
+    if (i + 1 < entries.size()) {
+      payload.push_back('\n');
+    }
+  }
+  return payload;
+}
+
+char* copy_payload(const std::string& payload) {
+  char* out = reinterpret_cast<char*>(std::malloc(payload.size() + 1));
+  if (!out) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to allocate capture payload buffer");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::memcpy(out, payload.c_str(), payload.size() + 1);
+  return out;
+}
+
+int open_dshow_input_with_options(
+    AVFormatContext** format_ctx,
+    const AVInputFormat* input,
+    const std::string& device_name,
+    int width,
+    int height,
+    int fps,
+    int requested_format,
+    bool use_video_size,
+    bool use_framerate,
+    bool use_pixel_format,
+    std::string* attempt_desc) {
+  if (!format_ctx || !input) {
+    return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+  }
+
+  AVDictionary* options = nullptr;
+  std::vector<std::string> parts;
+
+  if (use_video_size && width > 0 && height > 0) {
+    std::string video_size = std::to_string(width) + "x" + std::to_string(height);
+    av_dict_set(&options, "video_size", video_size.c_str(), 0);
+    parts.push_back("video_size=" + video_size);
+  }
+  if (use_framerate && fps > 0) {
+    std::string framerate = std::to_string(fps);
+    av_dict_set(&options, "framerate", framerate.c_str(), 0);
+    parts.push_back("framerate=" + framerate);
+  }
+
+  av_dict_set(&options, "rtbufsize", "64M", 0);
+  parts.push_back("rtbufsize=64M");
+
+  const char* pixel_format_name = requested_pixel_format_name(requested_format);
+  if (use_pixel_format && pixel_format_name) {
+    av_dict_set(&options, "pixel_format", pixel_format_name, 0);
+    parts.push_back(std::string("pixel_format=") + pixel_format_name);
+  }
+
+  if (attempt_desc) {
+    *attempt_desc = parts.empty() ? "default options" : "options{";
+    if (!parts.empty()) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < parts.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          attempt_desc->append(", ");
+        }
+        attempt_desc->append(parts[i]);
+      }
+      attempt_desc->append("}");
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string input_name = "video=" + device_name;
+  int ret = avformat_open_input(format_ctx, input_name.c_str(), input, &options);
+  av_dict_free(&options);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+class ScopedComInit {
+ public:
+  ScopedComInit() {
+    HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(nullptr, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
+    initialized_ = hr == S_OK || hr == S_FALSE;
+  }
+
+  ~ScopedComInit() {
+    if (initialized_) {
+      CoUninitialize();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool initialized_ = false;
+};
+
+int capture_stride(int pixel_format, int width) {
+  switch (pixel_format) {
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY:
+      return width * 2;
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24:
+      return width * 3;
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24:
+      return width * 2;
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG:
+    default:
+      return width;
+  }
+}
+
+int map_raw_pixfmt(int format) {
+  switch (format) {
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY;
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU;
+#endif
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV12:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV21:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21;
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_NV16
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV16:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16;
+#endif
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_NV24
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV24:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24;
+#endif
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420;
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_YVU420P
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YVU420P:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420;
+#endif
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY;
+    default:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+}
+
+int map_codec_to_capture_format(const AVCodecParameters* codecpar) {
+  if (!codecpar) {
+    return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+
+  switch (codecpar->codec_id) {
+    case AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG;
+    case AV_CODEC_ID_JPEG2000:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG;
+    case AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO:
+      return map_raw_pixfmt(codecpar->format);
+    default:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+}
+
+int interrupt_callback(void* opaque) {
+  auto* ctx = reinterpret_cast<HwcodecDshowCaptureContext*>(opaque);
+  if (!ctx) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  auto deadline = ctx->deadline_ms.load();
+  if (deadline <= 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (now_ms() > deadline) {
+    ctx->timed_out.store(1);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+const char* requested_pixel_format_name(int requested_format) {
+  switch (requested_format) {
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV:
+      return "yuyv422";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY:
+      return "uyvy422";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12:
+      return "nv12";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21:
+      return "nv21";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24:
+      return "rgb24";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24:
+      return "bgr24";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY:
+      return "gray";
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+extern "C" const char* hwcodec_capture_last_error(void) {
+  return g_last_error.c_str();
+}
+
+extern "C" char* hwcodec_dshow_list_video_devices(void) {
+  ScopedComInit com;
+
+  ICreateDevEnum* dev_enum = nullptr;
+  IEnumMoniker* enum_moniker = nullptr;
+  HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
+      CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum,
+      nullptr,
+      CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
+      IID_ICreateDevEnum,
+      reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dev_enum));
+  if (FAILED(hr)) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to create DirectShow device enumerator");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  hr = dev_enum->CreateClassEnumerator(CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory, &enum_moniker, 0);
+  dev_enum->Release();
+  if (hr != S_OK || !enum_moniker) {
+    char* out = reinterpret_cast<char*>(std::malloc(1));
+    if (out) {
+      out[0] = '\0';
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> devices;
+  IMoniker* moniker = nullptr;
+  ULONG fetched = 0;
+  while (enum_moniker->Next(1, &moniker, &fetched) == S_OK) {
+    IPropertyBag* bag = nullptr;
+    hr = moniker->BindToStorage(nullptr, nullptr, IID_IPropertyBag, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&bag));
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && bag) {
+      VARIANT name;
+      VariantInit(&name);
+      if (SUCCEEDED(bag->Read(L"FriendlyName", &name, nullptr)) && name.vt == VT_BSTR) {
+        auto utf8_name = wide_to_utf8(name.bstrVal);
+        if (!utf8_name.empty()) {
+          devices.push_back(utf8_name);
+        }
+      }
+      VariantClear(&name);
+      bag->Release();
+    }
+    moniker->Release();
+  }
+  enum_moniker->Release();
+
+  std::string payload;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); ++i) {
+    payload += devices[i];
+    if (i + 1 < devices.size()) {
+      payload.push_back('\n');
+    }
+  }
+
+  return copy_payload(payload);
+}
+
+extern "C" char* hwcodec_dshow_list_device_capabilities(const char* device_name) {
+  if (!device_name || device_name[0] == '\0') {
+    set_last_error("DirectShow device name is empty");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  ScopedComInit com;
+  IBaseFilter* filter = nullptr;
+  if (!find_device_filter(device_name, &filter) || !filter) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to find DirectShow device filter");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<DshowCapabilityEntry> entries;
+  IEnumPins* enum_pins = nullptr;
+  HRESULT hr = filter->EnumPins(&enum_pins);
+  if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && enum_pins) {
+    IPin* pin = nullptr;
+    ULONG fetched = 0;
+    while (enum_pins->Next(1, &pin, &fetched) == S_OK) {
+      PIN_DIRECTION direction = PINDIR_INPUT;
+      if (SUCCEEDED(pin->QueryDirection(&direction)) && direction == PINDIR_OUTPUT) {
+        IAMStreamConfig* stream_config = nullptr;
+        if (SUCCEEDED(pin->QueryInterface(IID_IAMStreamConfig, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&stream_config))) &&
+            stream_config) {
+          append_stream_capabilities(stream_config, &entries);
+          stream_config->Release();
+        }
+      }
+      pin->Release();
+    }
+    enum_pins->Release();
+  }
+  filter->Release();
+
+  std::sort(entries.begin(), entries.end(), [](const DshowCapabilityEntry& left, const DshowCapabilityEntry& right) {
+    if (left.format != right.format) {
+      return left.format < right.format;
+    }
+    if (left.width != right.width) {
+      return left.width < right.width;
+    }
+    if (left.height != right.height) {
+      return left.height < right.height;
+    }
+    return left.fps > right.fps;
+  });
+  entries.erase(
+      std::unique(entries.begin(), entries.end(), [](const DshowCapabilityEntry& left, const DshowCapabilityEntry& right) {
+        return left.format == right.format && left.width == right.width && left.height == right.height && left.fps == right.fps;
+      }),
+      entries.end());
+
+  return copy_payload(build_capabilities_payload(entries));
+}
+
+extern "C" void hwcodec_capture_string_free(char* ptr) {
+  if (ptr) {
+    std::free(ptr);
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* hwcodec_dshow_capture_open(
+    const char* device_name,
+    int width,
+    int height,
+    int fps,
+    int requested_format,
+    int timeout_ms) {
+  if (!device_name || device_name[0] == '\0') {
+    set_last_error("Device name is empty");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  avdevice_register_all();
+
+  const AVInputFormat* input = av_find_input_format("dshow");
+  if (!input) {
+    set_last_error("FFmpeg dshow input format is unavailable");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  auto* ctx = new HwcodecDshowCaptureContext();
+  ctx->timeout_ms = timeout_ms > 0 ? timeout_ms : 2000;
+  ctx->format_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
+  if (!ctx->format_ctx) {
+    delete ctx;
+    set_last_error("Failed to allocate FFmpeg format context");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.callback = interrupt_callback;
+  ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.opaque = ctx;
+
+  std::string open_attempt;
+  int ret = open_dshow_input_with_options(
+      &ctx->format_ctx,
+      input,
+      device_name,
+      width,
+      height,
+      fps,
+      requested_format,
+      true,
+      true,
+      true,
+      &open_attempt);
+
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    avformat_free_context(ctx->format_ctx);
+    ctx->format_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
+    if (!ctx->format_ctx) {
+      delete ctx;
+      set_last_error("Failed to allocate FFmpeg format context for fallback open");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.callback = interrupt_callback;
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.opaque = ctx;
+
+    std::string fallback_attempt;
+    ret = open_dshow_input_with_options(
+        &ctx->format_ctx,
+        input,
+        device_name,
+        width,
+        height,
+        fps,
+        requested_format,
+        true,
+        false,
+        true,
+        &fallback_attempt);
+    if (ret >= 0) {
+      open_attempt = fallback_attempt;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    avformat_free_context(ctx->format_ctx);
+    ctx->format_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
+    if (!ctx->format_ctx) {
+      delete ctx;
+      set_last_error("Failed to allocate FFmpeg format context for final fallback open");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.callback = interrupt_callback;
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.opaque = ctx;
+
+    std::string fallback_attempt;
+    ret = open_dshow_input_with_options(
+        &ctx->format_ctx,
+        input,
+        device_name,
+        width,
+        height,
+        fps,
+        requested_format,
+        false,
+        false,
+        false,
+        &fallback_attempt);
+    if (ret >= 0) {
+      open_attempt = fallback_attempt;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to open dshow input (" + open_attempt + "): " + ffmpeg_error(ret));
+    avformat_free_context(ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ctx->format_ctx, nullptr);
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to read stream info: " + ffmpeg_error(ret));
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->format_ctx->nb_streams; ++i) {
+    AVStream* stream = ctx->format_ctx->streams[i];
+    if (stream && stream->codecpar && stream->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
+      ctx->stream_index = static_cast<int>(i);
+      ctx->width = stream->codecpar->width > 0 ? stream->codecpar->width : width;
+      ctx->height = stream->codecpar->height > 0 ? stream->codecpar->height : height;
+      ctx->pixel_format = map_codec_to_capture_format(stream->codecpar);
+      ctx->stride = capture_stride(ctx->pixel_format, ctx->width);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ctx->stream_index < 0) {
+    set_last_error("No video stream found on DirectShow device");
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (ctx->pixel_format == HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN) {
+    set_last_error("DirectShow stream format is unsupported in current Windows backend");
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return ctx;
+}
+
+extern "C" int hwcodec_dshow_capture_info(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo* out_info) {
+  if (!ctx || !out_info) {
+    set_last_error("Invalid capture context");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  out_info->width = ctx->width;
+  out_info->height = ctx->height;
+  out_info->pixel_format = ctx->pixel_format;
+  out_info->stride = ctx->stride;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int hwcodec_dshow_capture_read(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    uint8_t** out_data,
+    int* out_len,
+    uint64_t* out_sequence) {
+  if (!ctx || !out_data || !out_len || !out_sequence) {
+    set_last_error("Invalid capture read arguments");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  *out_data = nullptr;
+  *out_len = 0;
+  *out_sequence = 0;
+
+  AVPacket packet;
+  av_init_packet(&packet);
+  packet.data = nullptr;
+  packet.size = 0;
+
+  while (true) {
+    ctx->timed_out.store(0);
+    ctx->deadline_ms.store(now_ms() + ctx->timeout_ms);
+    int ret = av_read_frame(ctx->format_ctx, &packet);
+    ctx->deadline_ms.store(0);
+
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      if (ctx->timed_out.load() != 0) {
+        set_last_error("Timed out waiting for frame");
+        return -110;
+      }
+      set_last_error("Failed to read frame: " + ffmpeg_error(ret));
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (packet.stream_index != ctx->stream_index) {
+      av_packet_unref(&packet);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (packet.size <= 0 || !packet.data) {
+      av_packet_unref(&packet);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto* buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(std::malloc(static_cast<size_t>(packet.size)));
+    if (!buffer) {
+      av_packet_unref(&packet);
+      set_last_error("Failed to allocate packet buffer");
+      return -12;
+    }
+
+    std::memcpy(buffer, packet.data, static_cast<size_t>(packet.size));
+    *out_data = buffer;
+    *out_len = packet.size;
+    *out_sequence = ctx->sequence++;
+    av_packet_unref(&packet);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void hwcodec_dshow_capture_packet_free(uint8_t* data) {
+  if (data) {
+    std::free(data);
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void hwcodec_dshow_capture_close(HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (ctx->format_ctx) {
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+  }
+  delete ctx;
+}

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_capture_ffi.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#ifndef HWCODEC_FFMPEG_CAPTURE_FFI_H
+#define HWCODEC_FFMPEG_CAPTURE_FFI_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct HwcodecDshowCaptureContext HwcodecDshowCaptureContext;
+
+enum HwcodecCapturePixelFormat {
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG = 1,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG = 2,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV = 3,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU = 4,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY = 5,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12 = 6,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21 = 7,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16 = 8,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24 = 9,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420 = 10,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420 = 11,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24 = 12,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24 = 13,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY = 14,
+};
+
+typedef struct HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo {
+  int width;
+  int height;
+  int pixel_format;
+  int stride;
+} HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo;
+
+const char* hwcodec_capture_last_error(void);
+char* hwcodec_dshow_list_video_devices(void);
+char* hwcodec_dshow_list_device_capabilities(const char* device_name);
+void hwcodec_capture_string_free(char* ptr);
+
+HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* hwcodec_dshow_capture_open(
+    const char* device_name,
+    int width,
+    int height,
+    int fps,
+    int requested_format,
+    int timeout_ms);
+int hwcodec_dshow_capture_info(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo* out_info);
+int hwcodec_dshow_capture_read(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    uint8_t** out_data,
+    int* out_len,
+    uint64_t* out_sequence);
+void hwcodec_dshow_capture_packet_free(uint8_t* data);
+void hwcodec_dshow_capture_close(HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_hw/rkmpp_dma_jpeg.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Validate bounded JPEG headers before giving hardware a fixed-size output
+// buffer. Only baseline 8-bit JPEG is accepted; other streams use copy fallback.
+// No scan-data traversal or full-packet copy is needed.
+inline bool rkmpp_dma_jpeg_header(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, int width, int height) {
+    if (!data || size < 4 || data[0] != 0xff || data[1] != 0xd8) return false;
+    size_t pos = 2;
+    bool sof = false;
+    while (pos < size) {
+        if (data[pos++] != 0xff) return false;
+        while (pos < size && data[pos] == 0xff) ++pos;
+        if (pos == size) return false;
+        const unsigned marker = data[pos++];
+        if (!marker || marker == 0xd8 || marker == 0xd9 || marker == 1 ||
+            (marker >= 0xd0 && marker <= 0xd7)) return false;
+        if (size - pos < 2) return false;
+        const size_t length = (size_t(data[pos]) << 8) | data[pos + 1];
+        if (length < 2 || length > size - pos) return false;
+        if (marker == 0xc0) {
+            if (sof || length < 8 || data[pos + 2] != 8) return false;
+            const unsigned h = (unsigned(data[pos + 3]) << 8) | data[pos + 4];
+            const unsigned w = (unsigned(data[pos + 5]) << 8) | data[pos + 6];
+            const unsigned components = data[pos + 7];
+            if (w != unsigned(width) || h != unsigned(height) ||
+                (components != 1 && components != 3) || length != 8 + 3 * components) return false;
+            sof = true;
+        } else if (marker >= 0xc0 && marker <= 0xcf && marker != 0xc4 && marker != 0xcc) {
+            return false; // Progressive, lossless, extended or differential SOF.
+        } else if (marker == 0xda) {
+            return sof && length >= 6 && size - pos > length;
+        }
+        pos += length;
+    }
+    return false;
+}

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_hw/rkmpp_dmabuf.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+#include "rkmpp_dmabuf_ffi.h"
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <limits>
+#include <new>
+#include "rkmpp_dma_jpeg.h"
+
+// Native MPP is already linked by the ARM FFmpeg/RKMPP build. Keep this
+// optional for toolchains which only supply the FFmpeg headers.
+#if defined(__linux__) && __has_include(<rockchip/rk_mpi.h>)
+#define HAVE_MPP_DMA 1
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <linux/dma-buf.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+extern "C" {
+#include <rockchip/rk_mpi.h>
+#include <rockchip/mpp_buffer.h>
+#include <rockchip/mpp_frame.h>
+#include <rockchip/mpp_packet.h>
+#include <rockchip/mpp_task.h>
+#include <rockchip/rk_venc_cfg.h>
+#include <rockchip/rk_venc_rc.h>
+}
+#endif
+
+static thread_local char dma_error[192] = {};
+static int fail(const char *operation, int code) {
+    std::snprintf(dma_error, sizeof(dma_error), "%s (ret=%d)", operation, code);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_MPP_DMA
+struct RkmppDmaEncoder {
+    MppCtx ctx = nullptr;
+    MppApi *api = nullptr;
+    MppEncCfg cfg = nullptr;
+    MppPacket packet = nullptr;
+    std::array<MppBuffer, 16> buffers{};
+    std::array<size_t, 16> capacities{};
+    size_t count = 0;
+    size_t minimum = 0;
+    int width = 0, height = 0, stride = 0;
+    MppFrameFormat format = MPP_FMT_YUV420SP;
+    bool jpeg = false;
+    MppCtx decoder = nullptr;
+    MppApi *dec_api = nullptr;
+    MppBufferGroup decoded_group = nullptr;
+    MppBuffer decoded_buffer = nullptr;
+    MppFrame decoded_frame = nullptr;
+    MppPacket input_packet = nullptr;
+    bool decoded_layout_set = false;
+    int decoded_stride = 0, decoded_vstride = 0;
+
+    void close() {
+        if (packet) mpp_packet_deinit(&packet);
+        if (ctx) {
+            // A timeout must not expose still-in-use input to V4L2 QBUF.
+            api->reset(ctx);
+            mpp_destroy(ctx);
+            ctx = nullptr;
+        }
+        // On any decoder failure, end hardware access before releasing the
+        // input packet, exported buffers, or allowing the caller's QBUF.
+        if (decoder) {
+            dec_api->reset(decoder);
+            mpp_destroy(decoder);
+            decoder = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (input_packet) mpp_packet_deinit(&input_packet);
+        if (decoded_frame) mpp_frame_deinit(&decoded_frame);
+        if (decoded_buffer) { mpp_buffer_put(decoded_buffer); decoded_buffer = nullptr; }
+        if (decoded_group) { mpp_buffer_group_put(decoded_group); decoded_group = nullptr; }
+        for (auto &buffer : buffers) {
+            if (buffer) { mpp_buffer_put(buffer); buffer = nullptr; }
+        }
+        if (cfg) { mpp_enc_cfg_deinit(cfg); cfg = nullptr; }
+    }
+    ~RkmppDmaEncoder() { close(); }
+};
+
+static bool set_cfg(RkmppDmaEncoder *e, const char *key, int value) {
+    int ret = mpp_enc_cfg_set_s32(e->cfg, key, value);
+    if (ret) fail(key, ret);
+    return ret == 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int rkmpp_dma_reconfigure(RkmppDmaEncoder *e, int kbps, int gop) {
+    if (!e || !e->ctx || kbps <= 0 || kbps > 1000000 || gop <= 0)
+        return fail("invalid DMA encoder configuration", -1);
+    const int bps = kbps * 1000;
+    if (!set_cfg(e, "rc:bps_target", bps) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "rc:bps_max", bps + bps / 16) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "rc:bps_min", bps - bps / 16) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "rc:gop", gop)) return -1;
+    int ret = e->api->control(e->ctx, MPP_ENC_SET_CFG, e->cfg);
+    return ret ? fail("MPP_ENC_SET_CFG", ret) : 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" RkmppDmaEncoder *rkmpp_dma_new(
+    int width, int height, int stride, int format, int codec, int fps,
+    int kbps, int gop, const int *fds, const size_t *sizes, size_t count) {
+    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0 || width > 8192 || height > 8192 ||
+        (width & 1) || (height & 1) || format < 0 || format > 4 ||
+        codec < 0 || codec > 1 || fps <= 0 || fps > 240 ||
+        (format != 4 && stride < width * (format == 1 || format == 3 ? 3 : format == 2 ? 2 : 1)) ||
+        (format == 2 && stride % 16 != 0) || !fds || !sizes || !count || count > 16) {
+        fail("invalid DMA frame layout", -1); return nullptr;
+    }
+    auto *e = new (std::nothrow) RkmppDmaEncoder;
+    if (!e) { fail("allocate DMA encoder", -1); return nullptr; }
+    e->width = width; e->height = height; e->stride = stride; e->count = count;
+    e->jpeg = format == 4;
+    if (e->jpeg) e->stride = stride = (width + 15) & ~15;
+    const int vstride = e->jpeg ? (height + 15) & ~15 : height;
+    e->format = format == 3 ? MPP_FMT_RGB888 : format == 2 ? MPP_FMT_YUV422_YUYV : format == 1 ? MPP_FMT_BGR888 : MPP_FMT_YUV420SP;
+    auto abort_init = [e](const char *op, int ret) -> RkmppDmaEncoder * {
+        fail(op, ret); delete e; return nullptr;
+    };
+    int ret = mpp_create(&e->ctx, &e->api);
+    if (ret) return abort_init("mpp_create", ret);
+    RK_S64 timeout = 2000;
+    ret = e->api->control(e->ctx, MPP_SET_OUTPUT_TIMEOUT, &timeout);
+    if (ret) return abort_init("MPP_SET_OUTPUT_TIMEOUT", ret);
+    ret = e->api->control(e->ctx, MPP_SET_INPUT_TIMEOUT, &timeout);
+    if (ret) return abort_init("MPP_SET_INPUT_TIMEOUT", ret);
+    ret = mpp_init(e->ctx, MPP_CTX_ENC, codec ? MPP_VIDEO_CodingHEVC : MPP_VIDEO_CodingAVC);
+    if (ret) return abort_init("mpp_init", ret);
+    ret = mpp_enc_cfg_init(&e->cfg);
+    if (ret) return abort_init("mpp_enc_cfg_init", ret);
+    ret = e->api->control(e->ctx, MPP_ENC_GET_CFG, e->cfg);
+    if (ret) return abort_init("MPP_ENC_GET_CFG", ret);
+    if (!set_cfg(e, "prep:width", width) || !set_cfg(e, "prep:height", height) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "prep:hor_stride", stride) || !set_cfg(e, "prep:ver_stride", vstride) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "prep:format", e->format) || !set_cfg(e, "rc:mode", MPP_ENC_RC_MODE_CBR) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "rc:fps_in_flex", 0) || !set_cfg(e, "rc:fps_in_num", fps) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "rc:fps_in_denorm", 1) || !set_cfg(e, "rc:fps_out_flex", 0) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "rc:fps_out_num", fps) || !set_cfg(e, "rc:fps_out_denorm", 1) ||
+        !set_cfg(e, "codec:type", codec ? MPP_VIDEO_CodingHEVC : MPP_VIDEO_CodingAVC)) {
+        delete e; return nullptr;
+    }
+    // Match the browser-friendly baseline profile used by the existing RKMPP
+    // byte encoder, rather than inheriting MPP's High-profile default.
+    const int level = int64_t(width) * height * fps <= int64_t(1920) * 1080 * 60 ? 42 : 52;
+    if (!codec && (!set_cfg(e, "h264:profile", 66) || !set_cfg(e, "h264:level", level) ||
+                   !set_cfg(e, "h264:cabac_en", 0) || !set_cfg(e, "h264:trans8x8", 0))) {
+        delete e; return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (rkmpp_dma_reconfigure(e, kbps, gop)) { delete e; return nullptr; }
+    MppEncHeaderMode mode = MPP_ENC_HEADER_MODE_EACH_IDR;
+    ret = e->api->control(e->ctx, MPP_ENC_SET_HEADER_MODE, &mode);
+    if (ret) return abort_init("MPP_ENC_SET_HEADER_MODE", ret);
+    // Reject arithmetic overflow even on 32-bit ARM; stride is supplied by a driver.
+    if (size_t(stride) > std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / size_t(height))
+        return abort_init("DMA buffer size overflow", -1);
+    size_t minimum = size_t(stride) * height;
+    if (format == 0) {
+        if (minimum > std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / 3)
+            return abort_init("DMA buffer size overflow", -1);
+        minimum = minimum * 3 / 2;
+    }
+    if (e->jpeg) minimum = 68; // SOI/payload plus bounded hardware read headroom.
+    e->minimum = minimum;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (fds[i] < 0 || sizes[i] < minimum) return abort_init("short DMA buffer", -1);
+        MppBufferInfo info{};
+        info.type = MPP_BUFFER_TYPE_EXT_DMA; info.fd = fds[i];
+        info.size = sizes[i]; info.index = static_cast<int>(i);
+        ret = mpp_buffer_import(&e->buffers[i], &info);
+        if (ret) return abort_init("mpp_buffer_import", ret);
+        e->capacities[i] = sizes[i];
+    }
+    if (e->jpeg) {
+        ret = mpp_create(&e->decoder, &e->dec_api);
+        if (ret) return abort_init("mpp_create JPEG decoder", ret);
+        ret = mpp_init(e->decoder, MPP_CTX_DEC, MPP_VIDEO_CodingMJPEG);
+        if (ret) return abort_init("mpp_init JPEG decoder", ret);
+        MppFrameFormat output = MPP_FMT_YUV420SP;
+        ret = e->dec_api->control(e->decoder, MPP_DEC_SET_OUTPUT_FORMAT, &output);
+        if (ret) return abort_init("JPEG NV12 output", ret);
+        ret = mpp_buffer_group_get_internal(&e->decoded_group, MPP_BUFFER_TYPE_DRM);
+        if (ret) return abort_init("JPEG output buffer group", ret);
+        // MPP JPEG requires aligned storage; reserve the conservative size used
+        // by its advanced-task decoder demo. One output reused after encode.
+        ret = mpp_buffer_get(e->decoded_group, &e->decoded_buffer, size_t(stride) * vstride * 4);
+        if (ret) return abort_init("JPEG output buffer", ret);
+        ret = mpp_frame_init(&e->decoded_frame);
+        if (ret) return abort_init("JPEG output frame", ret);
+        mpp_frame_set_buffer(e->decoded_frame, e->decoded_buffer);
+    }
+    return e;
+}
+
+static int dma_read_sync(MppBuffer buffer, bool start) {
+    dma_buf_sync sync{};
+    sync.flags = DMA_BUF_SYNC_READ | (start ? DMA_BUF_SYNC_START : DMA_BUF_SYNC_END);
+    int ret;
+    do { ret = ioctl(mpp_buffer_get_fd(buffer), DMA_BUF_IOCTL_SYNC, &sync); }
+    while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int decode_jpeg(RkmppDmaEncoder *e, size_t index, size_t bytes_used) {
+    MppBuffer input = e->buffers[index];
+    // The parser reads only header bytes with explicit DMA CPU-read ownership.
+    if (dma_read_sync(input, true)) return fail("JPEG DMA read sync start", errno);
+    const auto *data = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(mpp_buffer_get_ptr(input));
+    const bool valid = rkmpp_dma_jpeg_header(data, bytes_used, e->width, e->height);
+    if (dma_read_sync(input, false)) return fail("JPEG DMA read sync end", errno);
+    if (!valid) return fail("unsupported/mismatched JPEG header", -1);
+
+    int ret = mpp_packet_init_with_buffer(&e->input_packet, input);
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG input packet", ret);
+    mpp_packet_set_length(e->input_packet, bytes_used);
+    MppTask task = nullptr;
+    ret = e->dec_api->poll(e->decoder, MPP_PORT_INPUT, static_cast<MppPollType>(2000));
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG input poll", ret);
+    ret = e->dec_api->dequeue(e->decoder, MPP_PORT_INPUT, &task);
+    if (ret || !task) return fail("JPEG input task", ret);
+    ret = mpp_task_meta_set_packet(task, KEY_INPUT_PACKET, e->input_packet);
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG input metadata", ret);
+    ret = mpp_task_meta_set_frame(task, KEY_OUTPUT_FRAME, e->decoded_frame);
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG output metadata", ret);
+    ret = e->dec_api->enqueue(e->decoder, MPP_PORT_INPUT, task);
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG submit", ret);
+    task = nullptr;
+    ret = e->dec_api->poll(e->decoder, MPP_PORT_OUTPUT, static_cast<MppPollType>(2000));
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG output poll", ret);
+    ret = e->dec_api->dequeue(e->decoder, MPP_PORT_OUTPUT, &task);
+    if (ret || !task) return fail("JPEG output task", ret);
+    MppFrame result = nullptr;
+    ret = mpp_task_meta_get_frame(task, KEY_OUTPUT_FRAME, &result);
+    if (ret || result != e->decoded_frame) return fail("JPEG output frame mismatch", ret);
+    ret = e->dec_api->enqueue(e->decoder, MPP_PORT_OUTPUT, task);
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG return output task", ret);
+    ret = e->dec_api->poll(e->decoder, MPP_PORT_INPUT, static_cast<MppPollType>(2000));
+    if (ret) return fail("JPEG input completion", ret);
+    mpp_packet_deinit(&e->input_packet);
+    if (mpp_frame_get_errinfo(result) || mpp_frame_get_discard(result) ||
+        mpp_frame_get_info_change(result) ||
+        mpp_frame_get_width(result) != unsigned(e->width) ||
+        mpp_frame_get_height(result) != unsigned(e->height) ||
+        mpp_frame_get_fmt(result) != MPP_FMT_YUV420SP ||
+        mpp_frame_get_buffer(result) != e->decoded_buffer) {
+        std::snprintf(dma_error, sizeof(dma_error),
+            "invalid JPEG decoded frame: err=%u discard=%u info_change=%u size=%ux%u fmt=%x buffer_match=%d",
+            mpp_frame_get_errinfo(result), mpp_frame_get_discard(result), mpp_frame_get_info_change(result),
+            mpp_frame_get_width(result), mpp_frame_get_height(result), unsigned(mpp_frame_get_fmt(result)),
+            int(mpp_frame_get_buffer(result) == e->decoded_buffer));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    const int hs = mpp_frame_get_hor_stride(result), vs = mpp_frame_get_ver_stride(result);
+    if (hs < e->width || vs < e->height || hs > 8192 || vs > 8192 || (hs & 15) || (vs & 15) ||
+        size_t(hs) * vs * 3 / 2 > mpp_buffer_get_size(e->decoded_buffer))
+        return fail("invalid JPEG decoded stride", -1);
+    if (!e->decoded_layout_set) {
+        if (!set_cfg(e, "prep:hor_stride", hs) || !set_cfg(e, "prep:ver_stride", vs)) return -1;
+        ret = e->api->control(e->ctx, MPP_ENC_SET_CFG, e->cfg);
+        if (ret) return fail("JPEG encoder layout", ret);
+        e->decoded_stride = hs; e->decoded_vstride = vs; e->decoded_layout_set = true;
+    } else if (hs != e->decoded_stride || vs != e->decoded_vstride) {
+        return fail("JPEG decoded layout changed", -1);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int rkmpp_dma_encode(RkmppDmaEncoder *e, size_t index, size_t bytes_used, int fresh_fd, int64_t pts_us,
+                                 int force_idr, const uint8_t **data, size_t *size) {
+    if (!e || !e->ctx || index >= e->count || !data || !size)
+        return fail("invalid DMA encode call", -1);
+    *data = nullptr; *size = 0;
+    if (e->packet) mpp_packet_deinit(&e->packet);
+    auto abort_encode = [e](const char *op, int ret) {
+        fail(op, ret); e->close(); return -1;
+    };
+    if (bytes_used > e->capacities[index] ||
+        (e->jpeg ? (bytes_used < 4 || e->capacities[index] - bytes_used < 64) : bytes_used != e->minimum))
+        return abort_encode("invalid DMA payload length", -1);
+    if (fresh_fd >= 0) {
+        MppBuffer replacement = nullptr;
+        MppBufferInfo info{};
+        info.type = MPP_BUFFER_TYPE_EXT_DMA; info.fd = fresh_fd;
+        info.size = e->capacities[index]; info.index = static_cast<int>(index);
+        const int ret = mpp_buffer_import(&replacement, &info);
+        if (ret) return abort_encode("refresh USB DMA import", ret);
+        if (e->buffers[index]) mpp_buffer_put(e->buffers[index]);
+        e->buffers[index] = replacement;
+    }
+    if (e->jpeg && decode_jpeg(e, index, bytes_used)) {
+        // Preserve the detailed decoder failure while ending BOTH engines.
+        e->close(); return -1;
+    }
+    if (force_idr) {
+        int ret = e->api->control(e->ctx, MPP_ENC_SET_IDR_FRAME, nullptr);
+        if (ret) return abort_encode("MPP_ENC_SET_IDR_FRAME", ret);
+    }
+    MppFrame frame = e->jpeg ? e->decoded_frame : nullptr;
+    int ret = 0;
+    if (!e->jpeg) {
+        ret = mpp_frame_init(&frame);
+        if (ret) return abort_encode("mpp_frame_init", ret);
+        mpp_frame_set_width(frame, e->width); mpp_frame_set_height(frame, e->height);
+        mpp_frame_set_hor_stride(frame, e->stride); mpp_frame_set_ver_stride(frame, e->height);
+        mpp_frame_set_fmt(frame, e->format);
+        mpp_frame_set_buffer(frame, e->buffers[index]);
+    }
+    mpp_frame_set_pts(frame, pts_us);
+    ret = e->api->encode_put_frame(e->ctx, frame);
+    if (!e->jpeg) mpp_frame_deinit(&frame);
+    if (ret) return abort_encode("encode_put_frame", ret);
+    ret = e->api->encode_get_packet(e->ctx, &e->packet);
+    if (ret || !e->packet) return abort_encode("encode_get_packet", ret);
+    if (mpp_packet_is_partition(e->packet) || !mpp_packet_get_length(e->packet))
+        return abort_encode("incomplete DMA encoder output", -1);
+    // One synchronous input, no temporal scalability/reordering/split output.
+    // A completed packet is the input-consumption barrier for this mode.
+    *data = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(mpp_packet_get_pos(e->packet));
+    *size = mpp_packet_get_length(e->packet);
+    return 0;
+}
+extern "C" void rkmpp_dma_free(RkmppDmaEncoder *e) { delete e; }
+#else
+extern "C" RkmppDmaEncoder *rkmpp_dma_new(int,int,int,int,int,int,int,int,const int*,const size_t*,size_t) {
+    fail("RKMPP DMA support not built", -1); return nullptr;
+}
+extern "C" int rkmpp_dma_encode(RkmppDmaEncoder*,size_t,size_t,int,int64_t,int,const uint8_t**,size_t*) { return -1; }
+extern "C" int rkmpp_dma_reconfigure(RkmppDmaEncoder*,int,int) { return -1; }
+extern "C" void rkmpp_dma_free(RkmppDmaEncoder*) {}
+#endif
+extern "C" const char *rkmpp_dma_error(void) { return dma_error; }

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_hw/rkmpp_dmabuf_ffi.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct RkmppDmaEncoder RkmppDmaEncoder;
+// format: 0=NV12, 1=BGR24, 2=YUYV, 3=RGB24 (byte stride), 4=MJPEG (stride ignored).
+// codec: 0=H264, 1=HEVC. MJPEG is decoded to hardware NV12, then encoded.
+RkmppDmaEncoder *rkmpp_dma_new(int width, int height, int stride, int format,
+                              int codec, int fps, int kbps, int gop,
+                              const int *fds, const size_t *sizes, size_t count);
+// Synchronous input-completion boundary. On failure the encoder is destroyed
+// internally BEFORE returning, so it cannot keep reading the capture buffer.
+// Output is borrowed until the next call or destruction; copy before reusing it.
+// bytes_used must be the actual captured payload. MJPEG needs 64 bytes of
+// readable allocation headroom; never pass sizeimage as the compressed length.
+// fresh_fd=-1 reuses the original import (native HDMI). UVC supplies a new
+// export of this dequeued slot. Keep it open until replacement/free; the old
+// export can be closed AFTER this call, including on failure.
+int rkmpp_dma_encode(RkmppDmaEncoder *encoder, size_t index, size_t bytes_used, int fresh_fd, int64_t pts_us,
+                     int force_idr, const uint8_t **data, size_t *size);
+int rkmpp_dma_reconfigure(RkmppDmaEncoder *encoder, int kbps, int gop);
+void rkmpp_dma_free(RkmppDmaEncoder *encoder);
+const char *rkmpp_dma_error(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_ram/ffmpeg_ram_decode.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Minimal FFmpeg RAM MJPEG decoder (RKMPP only) -> NV12 in CPU memory.
+// FFmpeg RAM decoder with optional RKMPP hardware-frame support.
 
 extern "C" {
 #include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
@@ -54,9 +54,11 @@ public:
     thread_count_ = thread_count > 0 ? thread_count : 1;
     callback_ = callback;
 
+#ifdef ONE_KVM_FFMPEG_RKMPP
     if (name_.find("rkmpp") != std::string::npos) {
       hw_device_type_ = AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_RKMPP;
     }
+#endif
   }
 
   ~FFmpegRamDecoder() {}

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_ram/ffmpeg_ram_encode.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "common.h"
 
@@ -21,6 +22,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "win.h"
 #endif
 
+static thread_local std::string g_encoder_last_error;
+
+static void set_encoder_last_error(const std::string &message) {
+  g_encoder_last_error = message;
+}
+
 static int calculate_offset_length(int pix_fmt, int height, const int *linesize,
                                    int *offset, int *length) {
   switch (pix_fmt) {
@@ -112,6 +119,9 @@ _exit:
 namespace {
 typedef void (*RamEncodeCallback)(const uint8_t *data, int len, int64_t pts,
                                   int key, const void *obj);
+typedef void (*RamEncodePacketCallback)(void *packet, const uint8_t *data,
+                                        int len, int64_t pts, int key,
+                                        const void *obj);
 
 class FFmpegRamEncoder {
 public:
@@ -119,7 +129,6 @@ public:
   AVFrame *frame_ = NULL;
   AVPacket *pkt_ = NULL;
   std::string name_;
-  std::string mc_name_; // for mediacodec
 
   int width_ = 0;
   int height_ = 0;
@@ -134,6 +143,7 @@ public:
   int thread_count_ = 1;
   int gpu_ = 0;
   RamEncodeCallback callback_ = NULL;
+  RamEncodePacketCallback packet_callback_ = NULL;
   int offset_[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS] = {0};
   bool force_keyframe_ = false;  // Force next frame to be a keyframe
 
@@ -142,12 +152,11 @@ public:
   AVBufferRef *hw_device_ctx_ = NULL;
   AVFrame *hw_frame_ = NULL;
 
-  FFmpegRamEncoder(const char *name, const char *mc_name, int width, int height,
+  FFmpegRamEncoder(const char *name, int width, int height,
                    int pixfmt, int align, int fps, int gop, int rc, int quality,
                    int kbs, int q, int thread_count, int gpu,
                    RamEncodeCallback callback) {
     name_ = name;
-    mc_name_ = mc_name ? mc_name : "";
     width_ = width;
     height_ = height;
     pixfmt_ = (AVPixelFormat)pixfmt;
@@ -179,12 +188,13 @@ public:
   }
 
   bool init(int *linesize, int *offset, int *length) {
+    g_encoder_last_error.clear();
     const AVCodec *codec = NULL;
 
     int ret;
 
     if (!(codec = avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(name_.c_str()))) {
-      LOG_ERROR(std::string("Codec ") + name_ + " not found");
+      set_encoder_last_error(std::string("Codec ") + name_ + " not found");
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -247,7 +257,6 @@ public:
       LOG_ERROR(std::string("Could not allocate video packet"));
       return false;
     }
-
     /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
     c_->width = width_;
     c_->height = height_;
@@ -263,23 +272,16 @@ public:
       LOG_ERROR(std::string("set_quality failed, name: ") + name_);
       return false;
     }
-    util_encode::set_rate_control(c_, name_, rc_, q_);
+    if (!util_encode::set_rate_control(c_, name_, rc_, q_)) {
+      LOG_ERROR(std::string("set_rate_control failed, name: ") + name_);
+      return false;
+    }
     util_encode::set_gpu(c_->priv_data, name_, gpu_);
     util_encode::force_hw(c_->priv_data, name_);
     util_encode::set_others(c_->priv_data, name_);
-    if (name_.find("mediacodec") != std::string::npos) {
-      if (mc_name_.length() > 0) {
-        LOG_INFO(std::string("mediacodec codec_name: ") + mc_name_);
-        if ((ret = av_opt_set(c_->priv_data, "codec_name", mc_name_.c_str(),
-                              0)) < 0) {
-          LOG_ERROR(std::string("mediacodec codec_name failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
     if ((ret = avcodec_open2(c_, codec, NULL)) < 0) {
-      LOG_ERROR(std::string("avcodec_open2 failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret) +
-                ", name: " + name_);
+      set_encoder_last_error(std::string("avcodec_open2 failed, ret = ") +
+                             av_err2str(ret) + ", name: " + name_);
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -301,7 +303,7 @@ public:
       LOG_ERROR(std::string("av_frame_make_writable failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
       return ret;
     }
-    if ((ret = fill_frame(frame_, (uint8_t *)data, length, offset_)) != 0)
+    if ((ret = fill_frame(frame_, data, length, offset_)) != 0)
       return ret;
     AVFrame *tmp_frame;
     if (hw_device_type_ != AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE) {
@@ -317,6 +319,14 @@ public:
     return do_encode(tmp_frame, obj, ms);
   }
 
+  int encode_packet(const uint8_t *data, int length, const void *obj,
+                    uint64_t ms, RamEncodePacketCallback callback) {
+    packet_callback_ = callback;
+    int ret = encode(data, length, obj, ms);
+    packet_callback_ = NULL;
+    return ret;
+  }
+
   void free_encoder() {
     if (pkt_)
       av_packet_free(&pkt_);
@@ -369,108 +379,210 @@ private:
     frame->pts = ms;
 
     // Force keyframe if requested
-    if (force_keyframe_) {
+    if (force_keyframe_ && util_encode::supports_forced_keyframe(name_)) {
       frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
-      force_keyframe_ = false;
     } else {
       frame->pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_NONE;
     }
+    force_keyframe_ = false;
 
-    if ((ret = avcodec_send_frame(c_, frame)) < 0) {
+    ret = avcodec_send_frame(c_, frame);
+    if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
+      int drain_ret = receive_available_packets(obj, encoded);
+      if (drain_ret < 0) {
+        return drain_ret;
+      }
+      ret = avcodec_send_frame(c_, frame);
+    }
+    if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
+      return encoded ? 0 : AVERROR(EAGAIN);
+    }
+    if (ret < 0) {
       LOG_ERROR(std::string("avcodec_send_frame failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
       return ret;
     }
 
-    auto start = util::now();
-    while (ret >= 0 && util::elapsed_ms(start) < DECODE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-      if ((ret = avcodec_receive_packet(c_, pkt_)) < 0) {
-        if (ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
-          LOG_ERROR(std::string("avcodec_receive_packet failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
-        }
-        goto _exit;
-      }
-      if (!pkt_->data || !pkt_->size) {
-        LOG_ERROR(std::string("avcodec_receive_packet failed, pkt size is 0"));
-        goto _exit;
-      }
-      encoded = true;
-      callback_(pkt_->data, pkt_->size, pkt_->pts,
-                pkt_->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY, obj);
+    ret = receive_available_packets(obj, encoded);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      return ret;
     }
-  _exit:
-    av_packet_unref(pkt_);
+
     // If no packet is produced for this input frame, treat it as EAGAIN.
     // This is not a fatal error: encoders may buffer internally (e.g., startup delay).
     return encoded ? 0 : AVERROR(EAGAIN);
   }
 
-  int fill_frame(AVFrame *frame, uint8_t *data, int data_length,
-                 const int *const offset) {
+  int receive_available_packets(const void *obj, bool &encoded) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    auto start = util::now();
+
+    while (util::elapsed_ms(start) < DECODE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      ret = avcodec_receive_packet(c_, pkt_);
+      if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      if (ret < 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(std::string("avcodec_receive_packet failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
+        av_packet_unref(pkt_);
+        return ret;
+      }
+      if (!pkt_->data || !pkt_->size) {
+        LOG_WARN(std::string("avcodec_receive_packet returned empty packet"));
+        av_packet_unref(pkt_);
+        continue;
+      }
+      encoded = true;
+      if (packet_callback_) {
+        AVPacket *owned_pkt = av_packet_clone(pkt_);
+        if (!owned_pkt) {
+          LOG_ERROR("av_packet_clone failed");
+          av_packet_unref(pkt_);
+          return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+        }
+        packet_callback_(owned_pkt, owned_pkt->data, owned_pkt->size,
+                         owned_pkt->pts, owned_pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY,
+                         obj);
+      } else {
+        callback_(pkt_->data, pkt_->size, pkt_->pts,
+                  pkt_->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY, obj);
+      }
+      av_packet_unref(pkt_);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int copy_plane(uint8_t *dst, int dst_stride, const uint8_t *src,
+                 int src_stride, int row_bytes, int rows) {
+    if (!dst || !src || dst_stride < row_bytes || src_stride < row_bytes) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (rows <= 0 || row_bytes <= 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (dst_stride == row_bytes && src_stride == row_bytes) {
+      memcpy(dst, src, static_cast<size_t>(row_bytes) * rows);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    for (int y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
+      memcpy(dst + y * dst_stride, src + y * src_stride, row_bytes);
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int fill_frame(AVFrame *frame, const uint8_t *data, int data_length,
+                 const int *const) {
+    const int src_y_stride = width_;
+    const int src_packed_stride = width_ * bytes_per_pixel(frame->format);
+    const int src_uv_stride = width_;
+    const int src_y_size = width_ * frame->height;
+    const int src_420_chroma_size = (width_ / 2) * (frame->height / 2);
     switch (frame->format) {
     case AV_PIX_FMT_NV12:
     case AV_PIX_FMT_NV21:
       if (data_length <
-          frame->height * (frame->linesize[0] + frame->linesize[1] / 2)) {
+          frame->height * src_y_stride + frame->height / 2 * src_uv_stride) {
         LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: NV12/NV21 data length error. data_length:") +
                   std::to_string(data_length) +
-                  ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
-                  ", linesize[1]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[1]));
+                  ", width:" + std::to_string(width_) +
+                  ", height:" + std::to_string(frame->height));
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (copy_plane(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0], data, src_y_stride,
+                     width_, frame->height) != 0 ||
+          copy_plane(frame->data[1], frame->linesize[1], data + src_y_size,
+                     src_uv_stride, width_, frame->height / 2) != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR("fill_frame: NV12/NV21 copy failed");
         return -1;
       }
-      frame->data[0] = data;
-      frame->data[1] = data + offset[0];
       break;
     case AV_PIX_FMT_NV16:
-    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV24:
       if (data_length <
-          frame->height * (frame->linesize[0] + frame->linesize[1])) {
-        LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: NV16/NV24 data length error. data_length:") +
+          frame->height * src_y_stride + frame->height * src_uv_stride) {
+        LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: NV16 data length error. data_length:") +
                   std::to_string(data_length) +
-                  ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
-                  ", linesize[1]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[1]));
+                  ", width:" + std::to_string(width_) +
+                  ", height:" + std::to_string(frame->height));
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (copy_plane(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0], data, src_y_stride,
+                     width_, frame->height) != 0 ||
+          copy_plane(frame->data[1], frame->linesize[1], data + src_y_size,
+                     src_uv_stride, width_, frame->height) != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR("fill_frame: NV16 copy failed");
         return -1;
       }
-      frame->data[0] = data;
-      frame->data[1] = data + offset[0];
       break;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV24: {
+      const int src_nv24_uv_stride = width_ * 2;
+      if (data_length <
+          frame->height * src_y_stride + frame->height * src_nv24_uv_stride) {
+        LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: NV24 data length error. data_length:") +
+                  std::to_string(data_length) +
+                  ", width:" + std::to_string(width_) +
+                  ", height:" + std::to_string(frame->height));
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (copy_plane(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0], data, src_y_stride,
+                     width_, frame->height) != 0 ||
+          copy_plane(frame->data[1], frame->linesize[1], data + src_y_size,
+                     src_nv24_uv_stride, width_ * 2, frame->height) != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR("fill_frame: NV24 copy failed");
+        return -1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:
       if (data_length <
-          frame->height * (frame->linesize[0] + frame->linesize[1] / 2 +
-                           frame->linesize[2] / 2)) {
+          width_ * frame->height + (width_ / 2) * (frame->height / 2) * 2) {
         LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: 420P data length error. data_length:") +
                   std::to_string(data_length) +
-                  ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
-                  ", linesize[1]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[1]) +
-                  ", linesize[2]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[2]));
+                  ", width:" + std::to_string(width_) +
+                  ", height:" + std::to_string(frame->height));
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (copy_plane(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0], data, width_,
+                     width_, frame->height) != 0 ||
+          copy_plane(frame->data[1], frame->linesize[1], data + src_y_size,
+                     width_ / 2, width_ / 2, frame->height / 2) != 0 ||
+          copy_plane(frame->data[2], frame->linesize[2],
+                     data + src_y_size + src_420_chroma_size,
+                     width_ / 2, width_ / 2, frame->height / 2) != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR("fill_frame: 420P copy failed");
         return -1;
       }
-      frame->data[0] = data;
-      frame->data[1] = data + offset[0];
-      frame->data[2] = data + offset[1];
       break;
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422:
     case AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422:
       // Packed YUV 4:2:2 formats: single plane, linesize[0] = width * 2
-      if (data_length < frame->height * frame->linesize[0]) {
+      if (data_length < frame->height * src_packed_stride) {
         LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: YUYV422 data length error. data_length:") +
                   std::to_string(data_length) +
-                  ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
+                  ", stride:" + std::to_string(src_packed_stride) +
                   ", height:" + std::to_string(frame->height));
         return -1;
       }
-      frame->data[0] = data;
+      if (copy_plane(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0], data,
+                     src_packed_stride, src_packed_stride, frame->height) != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR("fill_frame: YUYV422 copy failed");
+        return -1;
+      }
       break;
     case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:
     case AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24:
-      if (data_length < frame->height * frame->linesize[0]) {
+      if (data_length < frame->height * src_packed_stride) {
         LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: RGB24/BGR24 data length error. data_length:") +
                   std::to_string(data_length) +
-                  ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
+                  ", stride:" + std::to_string(src_packed_stride) +
                   ", height:" + std::to_string(frame->height));
         return -1;
       }
-      frame->data[0] = data;
+      if (copy_plane(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0], data,
+                     src_packed_stride, src_packed_stride, frame->height) != 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR("fill_frame: RGB24/BGR24 copy failed");
+        return -1;
+      }
       break;
     default:
       LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: unsupported format, ") +
@@ -479,23 +591,64 @@ private:
     }
     return 0;
   }
+
+  int bytes_per_pixel(int pix_fmt) {
+    switch (pix_fmt) {
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422:
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422:
+      return 2;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24:
+      return 3;
+    default:
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 } // namespace
 
 extern "C" FFmpegRamEncoder *
-ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder(const char *name, const char *mc_name, int width,
+ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder(const char *name, int width,
                        int height, int pixfmt, int align, int fps, int gop,
                        int rc, int quality, int kbs, int q, int thread_count,
                        int gpu, int *linesize, int *offset, int *length,
                        RamEncodeCallback callback) {
   FFmpegRamEncoder *encoder = NULL;
   try {
-    encoder = new FFmpegRamEncoder(name, mc_name, width, height, pixfmt, align,
-                                   fps, gop, rc, quality, kbs, q, thread_count,
-                                   gpu, callback);
+    auto try_create = [&](int attempt_rc, int attempt_kbs) {
+      FFmpegRamEncoder *candidate = new FFmpegRamEncoder(
+          name, width, height, pixfmt, align, fps, gop, attempt_rc, quality,
+          attempt_kbs, q, thread_count, gpu, callback);
+      if (candidate && candidate->init(linesize, offset, length)) {
+        return candidate;
+      }
+
+      if (candidate) {
+        candidate->free_encoder();
+        delete candidate;
+      }
+      return static_cast<FFmpegRamEncoder *>(NULL);
+    };
+
+    // Preserve the existing VAAPI path first. With a target bitrate and no
+    // explicit QP, FFmpeg negotiates a supported bitrate-based mode such as
+    // AVBR, VBR or CBR with the driver.
+    encoder = try_create(rc, kbs);
     if (encoder) {
-      if (encoder->init(linesize, offset, length)) {
+      return encoder;
+    }
+
+    // Retry only VAAPI with a fresh context in explicit-QP mode. This avoids
+    // changing rate control on hardware which already supports CBR/VBR while
+    // allowing CQP-only drivers to pass probing and normal encoder creation.
+    if (name && std::string(name).find("vaapi") != std::string::npos &&
+        rc != RC_CQ) {
+      LOG_DEBUG(std::string("VAAPI bitrate-based rate control failed for ") +
+                name + ", retrying with CQP");
+      encoder = try_create(RC_CQ, 0);
+      if (encoder) {
         return encoder;
       }
     }
@@ -532,6 +685,25 @@ extern "C" void ffmpeg_ram_free_encoder(FFmpegRamEncoder *encoder) {
   }
 }
 
+extern "C" int ffmpeg_ram_encode_packet(FFmpegRamEncoder *encoder,
+                                        const uint8_t *data, int length,
+                                        const void *obj, uint64_t ms,
+                                        RamEncodePacketCallback callback) {
+  try {
+    return encoder->encode_packet(data, length, obj, ms, callback);
+  } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+    LOG_ERROR(std::string("encode_packet failed, ") + std::string(e.what()));
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void ffmpeg_ram_free_packet(void *packet) {
+  AVPacket *pkt = reinterpret_cast<AVPacket *>(packet);
+  if (pkt) {
+    av_packet_free(&pkt);
+  }
+}
+
 extern "C" int ffmpeg_ram_set_bitrate(FFmpegRamEncoder *encoder, int kbs) {
   try {
     return encoder->set_bitrate(kbs);
@@ -550,3 +722,7 @@ extern "C" void ffmpeg_ram_request_keyframe(FFmpegRamEncoder *encoder) {
     LOG_ERROR(std::string("ffmpeg_ram_request_keyframe failed, ") + std::string(e.what()));
   }
 }
+
+extern "C" const char *ffmpeg_ram_encoder_last_error(void) {
+  return g_encoder_last_error.c_str();
+}

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_ram/ffmpeg_ram_ffi.h

@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@
 
 typedef void (*RamEncodeCallback)(const uint8_t *data, int len, int64_t pts,
                                   int key, const void *obj);
+typedef void (*RamEncodePacketCallback)(void *packet, const uint8_t *data,
+                                        int len, int64_t pts, int key,
+                                        const void *obj);
 typedef void (*RamDecodeCallback)(const uint8_t *data, int len, int width,
                                   int height, int pixfmt, const void *obj);
 
-void *ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder(const char *name, const char *mc_name, int width,
+void *ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder(const char *name, int width,
                              int height, int pixfmt, int align, int fps,
                              int gop, int rc, int quality, int kbs, int q,
                              int thread_count, int gpu, int *linesize,
@@ -18,12 +21,17 @@ void *ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder(const char *name, const char *mc_name, int width,
                              RamEncodeCallback callback);
 int ffmpeg_ram_encode(void *encoder, const uint8_t *data, int length,
                       const void *obj, int64_t ms);
+int ffmpeg_ram_encode_packet(void *encoder, const uint8_t *data, int length,
+                             const void *obj, int64_t ms,
+                             RamEncodePacketCallback callback);
 void ffmpeg_ram_free_encoder(void *encoder);
+void ffmpeg_ram_free_packet(void *packet);
 int ffmpeg_ram_get_linesize_offset_length(int pix_fmt, int width, int height,
                                           int align, int *linesize, int *offset,
                                           int *length);
 int ffmpeg_ram_set_bitrate(void *encoder, int kbs);
 void ffmpeg_ram_request_keyframe(void *encoder);
+const char *ffmpeg_ram_encoder_last_error(void);
 
 void *ffmpeg_ram_new_decoder(const char *name, int width, int height,
                              int sw_pixfmt, int thread_count,

libs/hwcodec/src/capture.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+
+use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
+use std::os::raw::c_int;
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/ffmpeg_capture_ffi.rs"));
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CapturePixelFormat {
+    Unknown,
+    Mjpeg,
+    Jpeg,
+    Yuyv,
+    Yvyu,
+    Uyvy,
+    Nv12,
+    Nv21,
+    Nv16,
+    Nv24,
+    Yuv420,
+    Yvu420,
+    Rgb24,
+    Bgr24,
+    Grey,
+}
+
+impl CapturePixelFormat {
+    pub fn to_ffi(self) -> c_int {
+        match self {
+            Self::Unknown => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN as c_int,
+            Self::Mjpeg => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG as c_int,
+            Self::Jpeg => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG as c_int,
+            Self::Yuyv => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV as c_int,
+            Self::Yvyu => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU as c_int,
+            Self::Uyvy => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY as c_int,
+            Self::Nv12 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12 as c_int,
+            Self::Nv21 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21 as c_int,
+            Self::Nv16 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16 as c_int,
+            Self::Nv24 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24 as c_int,
+            Self::Yuv420 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420 as c_int,
+            Self::Yvu420 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420 as c_int,
+            Self::Rgb24 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24 as c_int,
+            Self::Bgr24 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24 as c_int,
+            Self::Grey => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY as c_int,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_ffi(value: c_int) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG as c_int => Self::Mjpeg,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG as c_int => Self::Jpeg,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV as c_int => Self::Yuyv,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU as c_int => Self::Yvyu,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY as c_int => Self::Uyvy,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12 as c_int => Self::Nv12,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21 as c_int => Self::Nv21,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16 as c_int => Self::Nv16,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24 as c_int => Self::Nv24,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420 as c_int => {
+                Self::Yuv420
+            }
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420 as c_int => {
+                Self::Yvu420
+            }
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24 as c_int => Self::Rgb24,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24 as c_int => Self::Bgr24,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY as c_int => Self::Grey,
+            _ => Self::Unknown,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match name.trim().to_ascii_uppercase().as_str() {
+            "MJPEG" | "MJPG" => Some(Self::Mjpeg),
+            "JPEG" => Some(Self::Jpeg),
+            "YUYV" => Some(Self::Yuyv),
+            "YVYU" => Some(Self::Yvyu),
+            "UYVY" => Some(Self::Uyvy),
+            "NV12" => Some(Self::Nv12),
+            "NV21" => Some(Self::Nv21),
+            "NV16" => Some(Self::Nv16),
+            "NV24" => Some(Self::Nv24),
+            "YUV420" | "I420" | "IYUV" => Some(Self::Yuv420),
+            "YVU420" | "YV12" => Some(Self::Yvu420),
+            "RGB24" => Some(Self::Rgb24),
+            "BGR24" => Some(Self::Bgr24),
+            "GREY" | "GRAY" | "Y800" => Some(Self::Grey),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DshowCapability {
+    pub format: CapturePixelFormat,
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub fps: Vec<u32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct CaptureStreamInfo {
+    pub width: i32,
+    pub height: i32,
+    pub pixel_format: CapturePixelFormat,
+    pub stride: i32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct CaptureError {
+    pub code: i32,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for CaptureError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.message)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for CaptureError {}
+
+fn last_error_message() -> String {
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = hwcodec_capture_last_error();
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return String::new();
+        }
+        CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy().to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn list_dshow_video_devices() -> Result<Vec<String>, CaptureError> {
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = hwcodec_dshow_list_video_devices();
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return Err(CaptureError {
+                code: -1,
+                message: last_error_message(),
+            });
+        }
+        let payload = CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        hwcodec_capture_string_free(ptr as *mut _);
+        Ok(payload
+            .lines()
+            .map(str::trim)
+            .filter(|line| !line.is_empty())
+            .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+            .collect())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn list_dshow_device_capabilities(device_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<DshowCapability>, CaptureError> {
+    let device_name = CString::new(device_name).map_err(|_| CaptureError {
+        code: -1,
+        message: "device name contains NUL byte".to_string(),
+    })?;
+
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = hwcodec_dshow_list_device_capabilities(device_name.as_ptr());
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return Err(CaptureError {
+                code: -1,
+                message: last_error_message(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let payload = CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        hwcodec_capture_string_free(ptr as *mut _);
+
+        let capabilities = payload
+            .lines()
+            .filter_map(parse_dshow_capability_line)
+            .collect();
+        Ok(capabilities)
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_dshow_capability_line(line: &str) -> Option<DshowCapability> {
+    let mut parts = line.split('|');
+    let format = CapturePixelFormat::from_name(parts.next()?.trim())?;
+    let width = parts.next()?.trim().parse::<u32>().ok()?;
+    let height = parts.next()?.trim().parse::<u32>().ok()?;
+    let fps = parts
+        .next()
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .split(',')
+        .filter_map(|value| value.trim().parse::<u32>().ok())
+        .filter(|value| *value > 0)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    Some(DshowCapability {
+        format,
+        width,
+        height,
+        fps,
+    })
+}
+
+pub struct DshowCapture {
+    ctx: *mut HwcodecDshowCaptureContext,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for DshowCapture {}
+
+impl DshowCapture {
+    pub fn open(
+        device_name: &str,
+        width: i32,
+        height: i32,
+        fps: i32,
+        requested_format: CapturePixelFormat,
+        timeout_ms: i32,
+    ) -> Result<Self, CaptureError> {
+        let device_name = CString::new(device_name).map_err(|_| CaptureError {
+            code: -1,
+            message: "device name contains NUL byte".to_string(),
+        })?;
+        unsafe {
+            let ctx = hwcodec_dshow_capture_open(
+                device_name.as_ptr(),
+                width,
+                height,
+                fps,
+                requested_format.to_ffi(),
+                timeout_ms,
+            );
+            if ctx.is_null() {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: -1,
+                    message: last_error_message(),
+                });
+            }
+            Ok(Self { ctx })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn info(&self) -> Result<CaptureStreamInfo, CaptureError> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut info = HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo {
+                width: 0,
+                height: 0,
+                pixel_format: HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN as c_int,
+                stride: 0,
+            };
+            let ret = hwcodec_dshow_capture_info(self.ctx, &mut info);
+            if ret != 0 {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: ret,
+                    message: last_error_message(),
+                });
+            }
+            Ok(CaptureStreamInfo {
+                width: info.width,
+                height: info.height,
+                pixel_format: CapturePixelFormat::from_ffi(info.pixel_format),
+                stride: info.stride,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_packet(&mut self) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, u64), CaptureError> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut data = std::ptr::null_mut();
+            let mut len = 0;
+            let mut sequence = 0u64;
+            let ret = hwcodec_dshow_capture_read(self.ctx, &mut data, &mut len, &mut sequence);
+            if ret != 0 {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: ret,
+                    message: last_error_message(),
+                });
+            }
+            if data.is_null() || len <= 0 {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: -1,
+                    message: "empty packet returned by capture backend".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+            let slice = std::slice::from_raw_parts(data, len as usize);
+            let vec = slice.to_vec();
+            hwcodec_dshow_capture_packet_free(data);
+            Ok((vec, sequence))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for DshowCapture {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            hwcodec_dshow_capture_close(self.ctx);
+        }
+        self.ctx = std::ptr::null_mut();
+    }
+}

libs/hwcodec/src/ffmpeg.rs

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ pub extern "C" fn hwcodec_av_log_callback(level: i32, message: *const std::os::r
         if let Ok(str_slice) = c_str.to_str() {
             let string = String::from(str_slice);
             if level == AV_LOG_ERROR as i32 {
-                log::error!("{}", string);
                 if string.contains(could_not_find_ref_with_poc) {
                     hwcodec_set_flag_could_not_find_ref_with_poc();
                 }
+                log::debug!("{}", string);
             } else if level == AV_LOG_PANIC as i32 || level == AV_LOG_FATAL as i32 {
                 log::error!("{}", string);
             } else if level == AV_LOG_WARNING as i32 {
-                log::warn!("{}", string);
+                log::debug!("{}", string);
             } else if level == AV_LOG_INFO as i32 {
                 log::info!("{}", string);
             } else if level == AV_LOG_VERBOSE as i32 || level == AV_LOG_DEBUG as i32 {

libs/hwcodec/src/ffmpeg_ram/decode.rs

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl Drop for Decoder {
     }
 }
 
-fn last_error_message() -> String {
+pub fn last_error_message() -> String {
     unsafe {
         let ptr = ffmpeg_ram_last_error();
         if ptr.is_null() {

libs/hwcodec/src/ffmpeg_ram/encode.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+use crate::ffmpeg_ram::{ffmpeg_ram_encode_packet, ffmpeg_ram_free_packet};
 use crate::{
     common::DataFormat::{self, *},
     ffmpeg::{init_av_log, AVPixelFormat},
     ffmpeg_ram::{
-        ffmpeg_linesize_offset_length, ffmpeg_ram_encode, ffmpeg_ram_free_encoder,
-        ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder, ffmpeg_ram_request_keyframe, ffmpeg_ram_set_bitrate, CodecInfo,
-        AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS,
+        ffmpeg_linesize_offset_length, ffmpeg_ram_encode, ffmpeg_ram_encoder_last_error,
+        ffmpeg_ram_free_encoder, ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder, ffmpeg_ram_request_keyframe,
+        ffmpeg_ram_set_bitrate, CodecInfo, AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS,
     },
 };
+#[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+use bytes::Bytes;
 use log::trace;
 use std::{
     ffi::{c_void, CString},
@@ -97,6 +101,7 @@ fn enumerate_candidate_codecs(ctx: &EncodeContext) -> Vec<CodecInfo> {
     use log::debug;
 
     let mut codecs = Vec::new();
+
     let contains = |_vendor: Driver, _format: DataFormat| {
         // Without VRAM feature, we can't check SDK availability.
         // Keep the prefilter coarse and let FFmpeg validation do the real check.
@@ -257,7 +262,13 @@ struct ProbePolicy {
 
 impl ProbePolicy {
     fn for_codec(codec_name: &str) -> Self {
-        if codec_name.contains("v4l2m2m") {
+        if codec_name.contains("amf") {
+            Self {
+                max_attempts: 5,
+                request_keyframe: true,
+                accept_any_output: true,
+            }
+        } else if codec_name.contains("v4l2m2m") {
             Self {
                 max_attempts: 5,
                 request_keyframe: true,
@@ -298,13 +309,14 @@ fn log_failed_probe_attempt(
     frames: &[EncodeFrame],
     elapsed_ms: u128,
 ) {
-    use log::debug;
+    use log::{debug, trace};
 
     if policy.accept_any_output {
         if frames.is_empty() {
-            debug!(
+            trace!(
                 "Encoder {} test produced no output on attempt {}",
-                codec_name, attempt
+                codec_name,
+                attempt
             );
         } else {
             debug!(
@@ -337,7 +349,6 @@ fn validate_candidate(codec: &CodecInfo, ctx: &EncodeContext, yuv: &[u8]) -> boo
 
     let test_ctx = EncodeContext {
         name: codec.name.clone(),
-        mc_name: codec.mc_name.clone(),
         ..ctx.clone()
     };
 
@@ -401,10 +412,7 @@ fn validate_candidate(codec: &CodecInfo, ctx: &EncodeContext, yuv: &[u8]) -> boo
             );
             false
         }
-        Err(_) => {
-            debug!("Failed to create encoder {}", codec.name);
-            false
-        }
+        Err(_) => false,
     }
 }
 
@@ -425,7 +433,6 @@ fn add_software_fallback(codecs: &mut Vec<CodecInfo>) {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct EncodeContext {
     pub name: String,
-    pub mc_name: Option<String>,
     pub width: i32,
     pub height: i32,
     pub pixfmt: i32,
@@ -445,6 +452,39 @@ pub struct EncodeFrame {
     pub key: i32,
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+pub struct EncodeBytesFrame {
+    pub data: Bytes,
+    pub pts: i64,
+    pub key: i32,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+struct FfmpegPacketOwner {
+    packet: *mut c_void,
+    data: *const u8,
+    len: usize,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+unsafe impl Send for FfmpegPacketOwner {}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+impl AsRef<[u8]> for FfmpegPacketOwner {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(self.data, self.len) }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+impl Drop for FfmpegPacketOwner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            ffmpeg_ram_free_packet(self.packet);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Display for EncodeFrame {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "encode len:{}, pts:{}", self.data.len(), self.pts)
@@ -477,10 +517,8 @@ impl Encoder {
                 .unwrap_or("-1".to_owned())
                 .parse()
                 .unwrap_or(-1);
-            let mc_name = ctx.mc_name.clone().unwrap_or_default();
             let codec = ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder(
                 CString::new(ctx.name.as_str()).map_err(|_| ())?.as_ptr(),
-                CString::new(mc_name.as_str()).map_err(|_| ())?.as_ptr(),
                 ctx.width,
                 ctx.height,
                 ctx.pixfmt,
@@ -500,6 +538,10 @@ impl Encoder {
             );
 
             if codec.is_null() {
+                let message = encoder_last_error_message();
+                if !message.is_empty() {
+                    log::debug!("ffmpeg_ram_new_encoder failed: {}", message);
+                }
                 return Err(());
             }
 
@@ -537,6 +579,35 @@ impl Encoder {
         }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+    pub fn encode_bytes(&mut self, data: &[u8], ms: i64) -> Result<Vec<EncodeBytesFrame>, i32> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut frames = Vec::<EncodeBytesFrame>::new();
+            let result = ffmpeg_ram_encode_packet(
+                self.codec,
+                data.as_ptr(),
+                data.len() as _,
+                &mut frames as *mut _ as *const c_void,
+                ms,
+                Some(Encoder::packet_callback),
+            );
+            if result == -11 || result == 0 {
+                if self.ctx.name.contains("v4l2m2m") {
+                    return Ok(frames
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|frame| EncodeBytesFrame {
+                            data: Bytes::copy_from_slice(frame.data.as_ref()),
+                            pts: frame.pts,
+                            key: frame.key,
+                        })
+                        .collect());
+                }
+                return Ok(frames);
+            }
+            Err(result)
+        }
+    }
+
     extern "C" fn callback(data: *const u8, size: c_int, pts: i64, key: i32, obj: *const c_void) {
         unsafe {
             let frames = &mut *(obj as *mut Vec<EncodeFrame>);
@@ -548,6 +619,30 @@ impl Encoder {
         }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "bytes")]
+    extern "C" fn packet_callback(
+        packet: *mut c_void,
+        data: *const u8,
+        size: c_int,
+        pts: i64,
+        key: i32,
+        obj: *const c_void,
+    ) {
+        unsafe {
+            let frames = &mut *(obj as *mut Vec<EncodeBytesFrame>);
+            let owner = FfmpegPacketOwner {
+                packet,
+                data,
+                len: size as usize,
+            };
+            frames.push(EncodeBytesFrame {
+                data: Bytes::from_owner(owner),
+                pts,
+                key,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn set_bitrate(&mut self, kbs: i32) -> Result<(), ()> {
         let ret = unsafe { ffmpeg_ram_set_bitrate(self.codec, kbs) };
         if ret == 0 {
@@ -620,6 +715,16 @@ impl Encoder {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn encoder_last_error_message() -> String {
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = ffmpeg_ram_encoder_last_error();
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return String::new();
+        }
+        std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy().to_string()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Drop for Encoder {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {

libs/hwcodec/src/ffmpeg_ram/mod.rs

@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@ pub enum Priority {
 #[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct CodecInfo {
     pub name: String,
-    #[serde(skip)]
-    pub mc_name: Option<String>,
     pub format: DataFormat,
     pub priority: i32,
     pub hwdevice: AVHWDeviceType,
@@ -74,7 +72,6 @@ impl Default for CodecInfo {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             name: Default::default(),
-            mc_name: Default::default(),
             format: DataFormat::H264,
             priority: Default::default(),
             hwdevice: AVHWDeviceType::AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
@@ -87,28 +84,24 @@ impl CodecInfo {
         match format {
             H264 => Some(CodecInfo {
                 name: "libx264".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
                 format: H264,
                 hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
                 priority: Priority::Soft as _,
             }),
             H265 => Some(CodecInfo {
                 name: "libx265".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
                 format: H265,
                 hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
                 priority: Priority::Soft as _,
             }),
             VP8 => Some(CodecInfo {
                 name: "libvpx".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
                 format: VP8,
                 hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
                 priority: Priority::Soft as _,
             }),
             VP9 => Some(CodecInfo {
                 name: "libvpx-vp9".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
                 format: VP9,
                 hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
                 priority: Priority::Soft as _,

libs/hwcodec/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub mod capture;
 pub mod common;
 pub mod ffmpeg;
 #[cfg(any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "arm", feature = "rkmpp"))]
 pub mod ffmpeg_hw;
 pub mod ffmpeg_ram;
+#[cfg(all(
+    target_os = "linux",
+    any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "arm", feature = "rkmpp")
+))]
+pub mod rkmpp_dmabuf;
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn hwcodec_log(level: i32, message: *const std::os::raw::c_char) {

libs/hwcodec/src/rkmpp_dmabuf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+//! Synchronous RKMPP encoder for pre-exported V4L2 DMA buffers.
+//! Unlike the byte-slice encoder this never reads raw pixels on the CPU.
+
+use std::ffi::{c_char, c_int, c_void, CStr};
+use std::os::fd::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd};
+use std::ptr::NonNull;
+
+unsafe extern "C" {
+    fn rkmpp_dma_new(
+        width: c_int,
+        height: c_int,
+        stride: c_int,
+        format: c_int,
+        codec: c_int,
+        fps: c_int,
+        kbps: c_int,
+        gop: c_int,
+        fds: *const c_int,
+        sizes: *const usize,
+        count: usize,
+    ) -> *mut c_void;
+    fn rkmpp_dma_encode(
+        encoder: *mut c_void,
+        index: usize,
+        bytes_used: usize,
+        fresh_fd: c_int,
+        pts_us: i64,
+        force_idr: c_int,
+        data: *mut *const u8,
+        size: *mut usize,
+    ) -> c_int;
+    fn rkmpp_dma_reconfigure(encoder: *mut c_void, kbps: c_int, gop: c_int) -> c_int;
+    fn rkmpp_dma_free(encoder: *mut c_void);
+    fn rkmpp_dma_error() -> *const c_char;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(i32)]
+pub enum DmaFormat {
+    Nv12 = 0,
+    Bgr24 = 1,
+    Yuyv = 2,
+    Rgb24 = 3,
+    Mjpeg = 4,
+}
+
+pub struct DmaEncoderConfig {
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub stride: u32,
+    pub format: DmaFormat,
+    pub hevc: bool,
+    pub fps: u32,
+    pub bitrate_kbps: u32,
+    pub gop: u32,
+}
+
+pub struct DmaEncoder {
+    ctx: NonNull<c_void>,
+    // Export FDs remain open until AFTER mpp_destroy and imported buffer release.
+    _buffers: Vec<(OwnedFd, usize)>,
+    // Keep refreshed exports alive until native replacement/release has ended
+    // all references to the previous import. At most one FD per capture slot.
+    fresh_buffers: Vec<Option<OwnedFd>>,
+}
+
+// Exclusive ownership: the context can move between threads but all calls are sequential.
+unsafe impl Send for DmaEncoder {}
+
+fn last_error() -> String {
+    unsafe {
+        CStr::from_ptr(rkmpp_dma_error())
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .into_owned()
+    }
+}
+
+impl DmaEncoder {
+    pub fn new(config: DmaEncoderConfig, buffers: Vec<(OwnedFd, usize)>) -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let fds: Vec<_> = buffers.iter().map(|(fd, _)| fd.as_raw_fd()).collect();
+        let sizes: Vec<_> = buffers.iter().map(|(_, size)| *size).collect();
+        for value in [
+            config.width,
+            config.height,
+            config.stride,
+            config.fps,
+            config.bitrate_kbps,
+            config.gop,
+        ] {
+            if value > c_int::MAX as u32 {
+                return Err("DMA encoder parameter overflow".into());
+            }
+        }
+        let ptr = unsafe {
+            rkmpp_dma_new(
+                config.width as _,
+                config.height as _,
+                config.stride as _,
+                config.format as c_int,
+                config.hevc as _,
+                config.fps as _,
+                config.bitrate_kbps as _,
+                config.gop as _,
+                fds.as_ptr(),
+                sizes.as_ptr(),
+                buffers.len(),
+            )
+        };
+        Ok(Self {
+            ctx: NonNull::new(ptr).ok_or_else(last_error)?,
+            fresh_buffers: (0..buffers.len()).map(|_| None).collect(),
+            _buffers: buffers,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// # Safety
+    /// The indexed buffer must be dequeued and exclusively leased to this call.
+    /// Do not requeue/write it until this function returns. On failure native MPP
+    /// is synchronously destroyed before returning, ending all input access.
+    /// `bytes_used` is the actual DQBUF payload length, not the buffer capacity.
+    /// A refreshed FD, if supplied, must refer to the same leased capture slot
+    /// with the capacity registered at construction. Ownership is retained here.
+    pub unsafe fn encode(
+        &mut self,
+        index: usize,
+        bytes_used: usize,
+        fresh_fd: Option<OwnedFd>,
+        pts_ms: i64,
+        force_idr: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+        let mut data = std::ptr::null();
+        let mut size = 0;
+        if index >= self.fresh_buffers.len() {
+            return Err("Invalid DMA capture index".into());
+        }
+        let ret = unsafe {
+            rkmpp_dma_encode(
+                self.ctx.as_ptr(),
+                index,
+                bytes_used,
+                fresh_fd.as_ref().map_or(-1, AsRawFd::as_raw_fd),
+                pts_ms.saturating_mul(1000),
+                force_idr as _,
+                &mut data,
+                &mut size,
+            )
+        };
+        if fresh_fd.is_some() {
+            // Native has now released the previous import, or destroyed both
+            // hardware contexts on error. Only now may its old FD be closed.
+            self.fresh_buffers[index] = fresh_fd;
+        }
+        if ret != 0 {
+            return Err(last_error());
+        }
+        if data.is_null() || size == 0 {
+            return Err("Empty RKMPP DMA packet".into());
+        }
+        // Copy only the compressed output, releasing the driver's packet promptly
+        // regardless of how long a network subscriber retains its Bytes.
+        Ok(unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(data, size) }.to_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub fn reconfigure(&mut self, kbps: u32, gop: u32) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if kbps > c_int::MAX as u32 || gop > c_int::MAX as u32 {
+            return Err("DMA encoder parameter overflow".into());
+        }
+        if unsafe { rkmpp_dma_reconfigure(self.ctx.as_ptr(), kbps as _, gop as _) } != 0 {
+            return Err(last_error());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for DmaEncoder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { rkmpp_dma_free(self.ctx.as_ptr()) };
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn format_discriminants_match_native_abi() {
+        assert_eq!(DmaFormat::Nv12 as c_int, 0);
+        assert_eq!(DmaFormat::Bgr24 as c_int, 1);
+        assert_eq!(DmaFormat::Yuyv as c_int, 2);
+        assert_eq!(DmaFormat::Rgb24 as c_int, 3);
+        assert_eq!(DmaFormat::Mjpeg as c_int, 4);
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/.cargo-ok

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1}

libs/v4l2r/.cargo_vcs_info.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "git": {
+    "sha1": "7b441383125ae583017a1c18b3fc9ec6c88ddbe8"
+  },
+  "path_in_vcs": "lib"
+}

libs/v4l2r/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies.
+#
+# If you are reading this file be aware that the original Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable).
+# See Cargo.toml.orig for the original contents.
+
+[package]
+edition = "2021"
+name = "v4l2r"
+version = "0.0.7"
+authors = ["Alexandre Courbot <gnurou@gmail.com>"]
+build = "build.rs"
+autolib = false
+autobins = false
+autoexamples = false
+autotests = false
+autobenches = false
+description = "Safe and flexible abstraction over V4L2"
+readme = "README.md"
+keywords = [
+    "v4l2",
+    "video",
+    "linux",
+]
+categories = ["os"]
+license-file = "LICENSE"
+repository = "https://github.com/Gnurou/v4l2r"
+
+[features]
+arch32 = []
+arch64 = []
+
+[lib]
+name = "v4l2r"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+[dependencies.bitflags]
+version = "2.4"
+
+[dependencies.enumn]
+version = "0.1.6"
+
+[dependencies.log]
+version = "0.4.14"
+
+[dependencies.nix]
+version = "0.31"
+features = [
+    "ioctl",
+    "mman",
+    "poll",
+    "fs",
+    "event",
+]
+
+[dependencies.thiserror]
+version = "2"
+
+[build-dependencies.bindgen]
+version = "0.72"

libs/v4l2r/Cargo.toml.orig

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[package]
+name = "v4l2r"
+version = "0.0.7"
+authors = ["Alexandre Courbot <gnurou@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
+description = "Safe and flexible abstraction over V4L2"
+repository = "https://github.com/Gnurou/v4l2r"
+categories = ["os"]
+keywords = ["v4l2", "video", "linux"]
+
+license-file.workspace = true
+readme.workspace = true
+
+[features]
+# Generate the bindings for 64-bit even if the host is 32-bit.
+arch64 = []
+# Generate the bindings for 32-bit even if the host is 64-bit.
+arch32 = []
+
+[dependencies]
+nix = { version = "0.31", features = ["ioctl", "mman", "poll", "fs", "event"] }
+bitflags = "2.4"
+thiserror = "2"
+log = "0.4.14"
+enumn = "0.1.6"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+bindgen = "0.72"

libs/v4l2r/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

libs/v4l2r/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Rust bindings for V4L2
+
+This is a vendored, One-KVM-specific subset of `v4l2r`.
+
+It keeps only the pieces needed for video capture:
+
+- generated Linux V4L2 bindings,
+- safe low-level ioctl wrappers used by capture and device probing,
+- memory handle helpers for `MMAP`, `USERPTR`, and `DMABUF`,
+- core V4L2 types such as `Format`, `PixelFormat`, and `QueueType`.
+
+The upstream crate also contains high-level device abstractions, stateful
+decoder/encoder helpers, stateless codec controls, examples, and C FFI. Those
+parts are intentionally removed here so this dependency stays scoped to capture.
+
+## Build options
+
+`cargo build` generates V4L2 bindings from the vendored Linux UAPI headers in
+`include/`.

libs/v4l2r/bindgen.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// This file defines the customizations to the bindgen builder used to generate the v4l2r
+// bindings.
+//
+// It is meant to be included from `build.rs`.
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+/// Workaround for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/issues/753.
+pub struct Fix753;
+
+impl bindgen::callbacks::ParseCallbacks for Fix753 {
+    fn item_name(&self, item_info: bindgen::callbacks::ItemInfo<'_>) -> Option<String> {
+        Some(item_info.name.trim_start_matches("Fix753_").to_owned())
+    }
+}
+
+fn v4l2r_bindgen_builder(builder: bindgen::Builder) -> bindgen::Builder {
+    builder
+        .parse_callbacks(Box::new(Fix753))
+        .derive_default(true)
+}

libs/v4l2r/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use std::env;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+include!("bindgen.rs");
+
+/// Vendored Linux UAPI include root.
+const VENDORED_INCLUDE_DIR: &str = "include";
+
+/// Wrapper file to use as input of bindgen.
+const WRAPPER_H: &str = "v4l2r_wrapper.h";
+
+// Fix for https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/issues/753
+const FIX753_H: &str = "fix753.h";
+
+fn main() {
+    let include_root =
+        PathBuf::from(env::var("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR").expect("`CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR` is not set"))
+            .join(VENDORED_INCLUDE_DIR);
+    let videodev2_h = include_root.join("linux/videodev2.h");
+
+    println!("cargo::rerun-if-changed={}", videodev2_h.display());
+    println!("cargo::rerun-if-changed={}", FIX753_H);
+    println!("cargo::rerun-if-changed={}", WRAPPER_H);
+
+    let clang_args = vec![
+        format!("-I{}", include_root.display()),
+        #[cfg(all(feature = "arch64", not(feature = "arch32")))]
+        "--target=x86_64-linux-gnu".into(),
+        #[cfg(all(feature = "arch32", not(feature = "arch64")))]
+        "--target=i686-linux-gnu".into(),
+    ];
+
+    let bindings = v4l2r_bindgen_builder(bindgen::Builder::default())
+        .header(WRAPPER_H)
+        .clang_args(clang_args)
+        .generate()
+        .expect("unable to generate bindings");
+
+    let out_path = PathBuf::from(env::var("OUT_DIR").expect("`OUT_DIR` is not set"));
+    bindings
+        .write_to_file(out_path.join("bindings.rs"))
+        .expect("Couldn't write bindings!");
+}

libs/v4l2r/fix753.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#undef V4L2_FWHT_FL_COMPONENTS_NUM_MSK
+#undef V4L2_FWHT_FL_PIXENC_MSK
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_INTERLACED
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_INTERLACED);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_BOTTOM_FIRST
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_BOTTOM_FIRST);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_ALTERNATE
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_ALTERNATE);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_BOTTOM_FIELD
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_IS_BOTTOM_FIELD);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_LUMA_IS_UNCOMPRESSED
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_LUMA_IS_UNCOMPRESSED);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_CB_IS_UNCOMPRESSED
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_CB_IS_UNCOMPRESSED);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_CR_IS_UNCOMPRESSED
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_CR_IS_UNCOMPRESSED);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_CHROMA_FULL_HEIGHT
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_CHROMA_FULL_HEIGHT);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_CHROMA_FULL_WIDTH
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_CHROMA_FULL_WIDTH);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_ALPHA_IS_UNCOMPRESSED
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_ALPHA_IS_UNCOMPRESSED);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_I_FRAME
+MARK_FIX_753(V4L2_FWHT_FL_I_FRAME);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_COMPONENTS_NUM_OFFSET
+#define V4L2_FWHT_FL_COMPONENTS_NUM_MSK                                        \
+  (7 << V4L2_FWHT_FL_COMPONENTS_NUM_OFFSET)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef V4L2_FWHT_FL_PIXENC_OFFSET
+#define V4L2_FWHT_FL_PIXENC_MSK (3 << V4L2_FWHT_FL_PIXENC_OFFSET)
+#endif

libs/v4l2r/include/asm-generic/bitsperlong.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_BITS_PER_LONG
+#define __ASM_GENERIC_BITS_PER_LONG
+
+#ifndef __BITS_PER_LONG
+/*
+ * In order to keep safe and avoid regression, only unify uapi
+ * bitsperlong.h for some archs which are using newer toolchains
+ * that have the definitions of __CHAR_BIT__ and __SIZEOF_LONG__.
+ * See the following link for more info:
+ * https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arch/b9624545-2c80-49a1-ac3c-39264a591f7b@app.fastmail.com/
+ */
+#if defined(__CHAR_BIT__) && defined(__SIZEOF_LONG__)
+#define __BITS_PER_LONG (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG__)
+#else
+/*
+ * There seems to be no way of detecting this automatically from user
+ * space, so 64 bit architectures should override this in their
+ * bitsperlong.h. In particular, an architecture that supports
+ * both 32 and 64 bit user space must not rely on CONFIG_64BIT
+ * to decide it, but rather check a compiler provided macro.
+ */
+#define __BITS_PER_LONG 32
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __BITS_PER_LONG_LONG
+#define __BITS_PER_LONG_LONG 64
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_BITS_PER_LONG */

libs/v4l2r/include/asm-generic/int-ll64.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * asm-generic/int-ll64.h
+ *
+ * Integer declarations for architectures which use "long long"
+ * for 64-bit types.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_INT_LL64_H
+#define _ASM_GENERIC_INT_LL64_H
+
+#include <asm/bitsperlong.h>
+
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+/*
+ * __xx is ok: it doesn't pollute the POSIX namespace. Use these in the
+ * header files exported to user space
+ */
+
+typedef __signed__ char __s8;
+typedef unsigned char __u8;
+
+typedef __signed__ short __s16;
+typedef unsigned short __u16;
+
+typedef __signed__ int __s32;
+typedef unsigned int __u32;
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+__extension__ typedef __signed__ long long __s64;
+__extension__ typedef unsigned long long __u64;
+#else
+typedef __signed__ long long __s64;
+typedef unsigned long long __u64;
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+
+
+#endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_INT_LL64_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/asm-generic/ioctl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_IOCTL_H
+#define _ASM_GENERIC_IOCTL_H
+
+/* ioctl command encoding: 32 bits total, command in lower 16 bits,
+ * size of the parameter structure in the lower 14 bits of the
+ * upper 16 bits.
+ * Encoding the size of the parameter structure in the ioctl request
+ * is useful for catching programs compiled with old versions
+ * and to avoid overwriting user space outside the user buffer area.
+ * The highest 2 bits are reserved for indicating the ``access mode''.
+ * NOTE: This limits the max parameter size to 16kB -1 !
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The following is for compatibility across the various Linux
+ * platforms.  The generic ioctl numbering scheme doesn't really enforce
+ * a type field.  De facto, however, the top 8 bits of the lower 16
+ * bits are indeed used as a type field, so we might just as well make
+ * this explicit here.  Please be sure to use the decoding macros
+ * below from now on.
+ */
+#define _IOC_NRBITS	8
+#define _IOC_TYPEBITS	8
+
+/*
+ * Let any architecture override either of the following before
+ * including this file.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _IOC_SIZEBITS
+# define _IOC_SIZEBITS	14
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _IOC_DIRBITS
+# define _IOC_DIRBITS	2
+#endif
+
+#define _IOC_NRMASK	((1 << _IOC_NRBITS)-1)
+#define _IOC_TYPEMASK	((1 << _IOC_TYPEBITS)-1)
+#define _IOC_SIZEMASK	((1 << _IOC_SIZEBITS)-1)
+#define _IOC_DIRMASK	((1 << _IOC_DIRBITS)-1)
+
+#define _IOC_NRSHIFT	0
+#define _IOC_TYPESHIFT	(_IOC_NRSHIFT+_IOC_NRBITS)
+#define _IOC_SIZESHIFT	(_IOC_TYPESHIFT+_IOC_TYPEBITS)
+#define _IOC_DIRSHIFT	(_IOC_SIZESHIFT+_IOC_SIZEBITS)
+
+/*
+ * Direction bits, which any architecture can choose to override
+ * before including this file.
+ *
+ * NOTE: _IOC_WRITE means userland is writing and kernel is
+ * reading. _IOC_READ means userland is reading and kernel is writing.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _IOC_NONE
+# define _IOC_NONE	0U
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _IOC_WRITE
+# define _IOC_WRITE	1U
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _IOC_READ
+# define _IOC_READ	2U
+#endif
+
+#define _IOC(dir,type,nr,size) \
+	(((dir)  << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) | \
+	 ((type) << _IOC_TYPESHIFT) | \
+	 ((nr)   << _IOC_NRSHIFT) | \
+	 ((size) << _IOC_SIZESHIFT))
+
+#define _IOC_TYPECHECK(t) (sizeof(t))
+
+/*
+ * Used to create numbers.
+ *
+ * NOTE: _IOW means userland is writing and kernel is reading. _IOR
+ * means userland is reading and kernel is writing.
+ */
+#define _IO(type,nr)		_IOC(_IOC_NONE,(type),(nr),0)
+#define _IOR(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),(_IOC_TYPECHECK(size)))
+#define _IOW(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),(_IOC_TYPECHECK(size)))
+#define _IOWR(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),(_IOC_TYPECHECK(size)))
+#define _IOR_BAD(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))
+#define _IOW_BAD(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))
+#define _IOWR_BAD(type,nr,size)	_IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))
+
+/* used to decode ioctl numbers.. */
+#define _IOC_DIR(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_DIRSHIFT) & _IOC_DIRMASK)
+#define _IOC_TYPE(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_TYPESHIFT) & _IOC_TYPEMASK)
+#define _IOC_NR(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_NRSHIFT) & _IOC_NRMASK)
+#define _IOC_SIZE(nr)		(((nr) >> _IOC_SIZESHIFT) & _IOC_SIZEMASK)
+
+/* ...and for the drivers/sound files... */
+
+#define IOC_IN		(_IOC_WRITE << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
+#define IOC_OUT		(_IOC_READ << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
+#define IOC_INOUT	((_IOC_WRITE|_IOC_READ) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
+#define IOCSIZE_MASK	(_IOC_SIZEMASK << _IOC_SIZESHIFT)
+#define IOCSIZE_SHIFT	(_IOC_SIZESHIFT)
+
+#endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_IOCTL_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/asm-generic/posix_types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_POSIX_TYPES_H
+#define __ASM_GENERIC_POSIX_TYPES_H
+
+#include <asm/bitsperlong.h>
+/*
+ * This file is generally used by user-level software, so you need to
+ * be a little careful about namespace pollution etc.
+ *
+ * First the types that are often defined in different ways across
+ * architectures, so that you can override them.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __kernel_long_t
+typedef long		__kernel_long_t;
+typedef unsigned long	__kernel_ulong_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_ino_t
+typedef __kernel_ulong_t __kernel_ino_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_mode_t
+typedef unsigned int	__kernel_mode_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_pid_t
+typedef int		__kernel_pid_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_ipc_pid_t
+typedef int		__kernel_ipc_pid_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_uid_t
+typedef unsigned int	__kernel_uid_t;
+typedef unsigned int	__kernel_gid_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_suseconds_t
+typedef __kernel_long_t		__kernel_suseconds_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_daddr_t
+typedef int		__kernel_daddr_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_uid32_t
+typedef unsigned int	__kernel_uid32_t;
+typedef unsigned int	__kernel_gid32_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_old_uid_t
+typedef __kernel_uid_t	__kernel_old_uid_t;
+typedef __kernel_gid_t	__kernel_old_gid_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_old_dev_t
+typedef unsigned int	__kernel_old_dev_t;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Most 32 bit architectures use "unsigned int" size_t,
+ * and all 64 bit architectures use "unsigned long" size_t.
+ */
+#ifndef __kernel_size_t
+#if __BITS_PER_LONG != 64
+typedef unsigned int	__kernel_size_t;
+typedef int		__kernel_ssize_t;
+typedef int		__kernel_ptrdiff_t;
+#else
+typedef __kernel_ulong_t __kernel_size_t;
+typedef __kernel_long_t	__kernel_ssize_t;
+typedef __kernel_long_t	__kernel_ptrdiff_t;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __kernel_fsid_t
+typedef struct {
+	int	val[2];
+} __kernel_fsid_t;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * anything below here should be completely generic
+ */
+typedef __kernel_long_t	__kernel_off_t;
+typedef long long	__kernel_loff_t;
+typedef __kernel_long_t	__kernel_old_time_t;
+typedef __kernel_long_t	__kernel_time_t;
+typedef long long __kernel_time64_t;
+typedef __kernel_long_t	__kernel_clock_t;
+typedef int		__kernel_timer_t;
+typedef int		__kernel_clockid_t;
+typedef char *		__kernel_caddr_t;
+typedef unsigned short	__kernel_uid16_t;
+typedef unsigned short	__kernel_gid16_t;
+
+#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_POSIX_TYPES_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/asm-generic/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _ASM_GENERIC_TYPES_H
+#define _ASM_GENERIC_TYPES_H
+/*
+ * int-ll64 is used everywhere now.
+ */
+#include <asm-generic/int-ll64.h>
+
+#endif /* _ASM_GENERIC_TYPES_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/linux/const.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/* const.h: Macros for dealing with constants.  */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_CONST_H
+#define _LINUX_CONST_H
+
+/* Some constant macros are used in both assembler and
+ * C code.  Therefore we cannot annotate them always with
+ * 'UL' and other type specifiers unilaterally.  We
+ * use the following macros to deal with this.
+ *
+ * Similarly, _AT() will cast an expression with a type in C, but
+ * leave it unchanged in asm.
+ */
+
+#ifdef __ASSEMBLY__
+#define _AC(X,Y)	X
+#define _AT(T,X)	X
+#else
+#define __AC(X,Y)	(X##Y)
+#define _AC(X,Y)	__AC(X,Y)
+#define _AT(T,X)	((T)(X))
+#endif
+
+#define _UL(x)		(_AC(x, UL))
+#define _ULL(x)		(_AC(x, ULL))
+
+#define _BITUL(x)	(_UL(1) << (x))
+#define _BITULL(x)	(_ULL(1) << (x))
+
+#if !defined(__ASSEMBLY__)
+/*
+ * Missing __asm__ support
+ *
+ * __BIT128() would not work in the __asm__ code, as it shifts an
+ * 'unsigned __init128' data type as direct representation of
+ * 128 bit constants is not supported in the gcc compiler, as
+ * they get silently truncated.
+ *
+ * TODO: Please revisit this implementation when gcc compiler
+ * starts representing 128 bit constants directly like long
+ * and unsigned long etc. Subsequently drop the comment for
+ * GENMASK_U128() which would then start supporting __asm__ code.
+ */
+#define _BIT128(x)	((unsigned __int128)(1) << (x))
+#endif
+
+#define __ALIGN_KERNEL(x, a)		__ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK(x, (__typeof__(x))(a) - 1)
+#define __ALIGN_KERNEL_MASK(x, mask)	(((x) + (mask)) & ~(mask))
+
+#define __KERNEL_DIV_ROUND_UP(n, d) (((n) + (d) - 1) / (d))
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_CONST_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/linux/ioctl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _LINUX_IOCTL_H
+#define _LINUX_IOCTL_H
+
+#include <asm/ioctl.h>
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_IOCTL_H */
+

libs/v4l2r/include/linux/posix_types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _LINUX_POSIX_TYPES_H
+#define _LINUX_POSIX_TYPES_H
+
+#include <linux/stddef.h>
+
+/*
+ * This allows for 1024 file descriptors: if NR_OPEN is ever grown
+ * beyond that you'll have to change this too. But 1024 fd's seem to be
+ * enough even for such "real" unices like OSF/1, so hopefully this is
+ * one limit that doesn't have to be changed [again].
+ *
+ * Note that POSIX wants the FD_CLEAR(fd,fdsetp) defines to be in
+ * <sys/time.h> (and thus <linux/time.h>) - but this is a more logical
+ * place for them. Solved by having dummy defines in <sys/time.h>.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This macro may have been defined in <gnu/types.h>. But we always
+ * use the one here.
+ */
+#undef __FD_SETSIZE
+#define __FD_SETSIZE	1024
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned long fds_bits[__FD_SETSIZE / (8 * sizeof(long))];
+} __kernel_fd_set;
+
+/* Type of a signal handler.  */
+typedef void (*__kernel_sighandler_t)(int);
+
+/* Type of a SYSV IPC key.  */
+typedef int __kernel_key_t;
+typedef int __kernel_mqd_t;
+
+#include <asm/posix_types.h>
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_POSIX_TYPES_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/linux/stddef.h

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _LINUX_STDDEF_H
+#define _LINUX_STDDEF_H
+
+
+
+#ifndef __always_inline
+#define __always_inline __inline__
+#endif
+
+/* Not all C++ standards support type declarations inside an anonymous union */
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+#define __struct_group_tag(TAG)		TAG
+#else
+#define __struct_group_tag(TAG)
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * __struct_group() - Create a mirrored named and anonyomous struct
+ *
+ * @TAG: The tag name for the named sub-struct (usually empty)
+ * @NAME: The identifier name of the mirrored sub-struct
+ * @ATTRS: Any struct attributes (usually empty)
+ * @MEMBERS: The member declarations for the mirrored structs
+ *
+ * Used to create an anonymous union of two structs with identical layout
+ * and size: one anonymous and one named. The former's members can be used
+ * normally without sub-struct naming, and the latter can be used to
+ * reason about the start, end, and size of the group of struct members.
+ * The named struct can also be explicitly tagged for layer reuse (C only),
+ * as well as both having struct attributes appended.
+ */
+#define __struct_group(TAG, NAME, ATTRS, MEMBERS...) \
+	union { \
+		struct { MEMBERS } ATTRS; \
+		struct __struct_group_tag(TAG) { MEMBERS } ATTRS NAME; \
+	} ATTRS
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+/* sizeof(struct{}) is 1 in C++, not 0, can't use C version of the macro. */
+#define __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(T, member)	\
+	T member[0]
+#else
+/**
+ * __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY() - Declare a flexible array usable in a union
+ *
+ * @TYPE: The type of each flexible array element
+ * @NAME: The name of the flexible array member
+ *
+ * In order to have a flexible array member in a union or alone in a
+ * struct, it needs to be wrapped in an anonymous struct with at least 1
+ * named member, but that member can be empty.
+ */
+#define __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(TYPE, NAME)	\
+	struct { \
+		struct { } __empty_ ## NAME; \
+		TYPE NAME[]; \
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __counted_by
+#define __counted_by(m)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __counted_by_le
+#define __counted_by_le(m)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __counted_by_be
+#define __counted_by_be(m)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_STDDEF_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/linux/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _LINUX_TYPES_H
+#define _LINUX_TYPES_H
+
+#include <asm/types.h>
+
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+
+#include <linux/posix_types.h>
+
+#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
+typedef __signed__ __int128 __s128 __attribute__((aligned(16)));
+typedef unsigned __int128 __u128 __attribute__((aligned(16)));
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Below are truly Linux-specific types that should never collide with
+ * any application/library that wants linux/types.h.
+ */
+
+/* sparse defines __CHECKER__; see Documentation/dev-tools/sparse.rst */
+#ifdef __CHECKER__
+#define __bitwise	__attribute__((bitwise))
+#else
+#define __bitwise
+#endif
+
+/* The kernel doesn't use this legacy form, but user space does */
+#define __bitwise__ __bitwise
+
+typedef __u16 __bitwise __le16;
+typedef __u16 __bitwise __be16;
+typedef __u32 __bitwise __le32;
+typedef __u32 __bitwise __be32;
+typedef __u64 __bitwise __le64;
+typedef __u64 __bitwise __be64;
+
+typedef __u16 __bitwise __sum16;
+typedef __u32 __bitwise __wsum;
+
+/*
+ * aligned_u64 should be used in defining kernel<->userspace ABIs to avoid
+ * common 32/64-bit compat problems.
+ * 64-bit values align to 4-byte boundaries on x86_32 (and possibly other
+ * architectures) and to 8-byte boundaries on 64-bit architectures.  The new
+ * aligned_64 type enforces 8-byte alignment so that structs containing
+ * aligned_64 values have the same alignment on 32-bit and 64-bit architectures.
+ * No conversions are necessary between 32-bit user-space and a 64-bit kernel.
+ */
+#define __aligned_u64 __u64 __attribute__((aligned(8)))
+#define __aligned_s64 __s64 __attribute__((aligned(8)))
+#define __aligned_be64 __be64 __attribute__((aligned(8)))
+#define __aligned_le64 __le64 __attribute__((aligned(8)))
+
+typedef unsigned __bitwise __poll_t;
+
+#endif /*  __ASSEMBLY__ */
+#endif /* _LINUX_TYPES_H */

libs/v4l2r/include/linux/v4l2-common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) */
+/*
+ * include/linux/v4l2-common.h
+ *
+ * Common V4L2 and V4L2 subdev definitions.
+ *
+ * Users are advised to #include this file either through videodev2.h
+ * (V4L2) or through v4l2-subdev.h (V4L2 subdev) rather than to refer
+ * to this file directly.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 Nokia Corporation
+ * Contact: Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@iki.fi>
+ */
+
+#ifndef __V4L2_COMMON__
+#define __V4L2_COMMON__
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Selection interface definitions
+ *
+ */
+
+/* Current cropping area */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP		0x0000
+/* Default cropping area */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_DEFAULT	0x0001
+/* Cropping bounds */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_BOUNDS	0x0002
+/* Native frame size */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_NATIVE_SIZE	0x0003
+/* Current composing area */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE		0x0100
+/* Default composing area */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_DEFAULT	0x0101
+/* Composing bounds */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_BOUNDS	0x0102
+/* Current composing area plus all padding pixels */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_PADDED	0x0103
+
+/* Selection flags */
+#define V4L2_SEL_FLAG_GE		(1 << 0)
+#define V4L2_SEL_FLAG_LE		(1 << 1)
+#define V4L2_SEL_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG	(1 << 2)
+
+struct v4l2_edid {
+	__u32 pad;
+	__u32 start_block;
+	__u32 blocks;
+	__u32 reserved[5];
+	__u8  *edid;
+};
+
+/* Backward compatibility target definitions --- to be removed. */
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_ACTIVE	V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP
+#define V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_ACTIVE	V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE
+#define V4L2_SUBDEV_SEL_TGT_CROP_ACTUAL	V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP
+#define V4L2_SUBDEV_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_ACTUAL V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE
+#define V4L2_SUBDEV_SEL_TGT_CROP_BOUNDS	V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_BOUNDS
+#define V4L2_SUBDEV_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_BOUNDS V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_BOUNDS
+
+/* Backward compatibility flag definitions --- to be removed. */
+#define V4L2_SUBDEV_SEL_FLAG_SIZE_GE	V4L2_SEL_FLAG_GE
+#define V4L2_SUBDEV_SEL_FLAG_SIZE_LE	V4L2_SEL_FLAG_LE
+#define V4L2_SUBDEV_SEL_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG V4L2_SEL_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG
+
+#endif /* __V4L2_COMMON__ */

libs/v4l2r/src/bindings.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(deref_nullptr)]
+#![allow(clippy::all)]
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/bindings.rs"));

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/dqbuf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+use crate::ioctl::ioctl_and_convert;
+use crate::ioctl::IoctlConvertError;
+use crate::ioctl::IoctlConvertResult;
+use crate::ioctl::UncheckedV4l2Buffer;
+use crate::memory::MemoryType;
+use crate::QueueType;
+
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_buffer;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_dqbuf, b'V', 17, v4l2_buffer);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum DqBufIoctlError {
+    #[error("end-of-stream reached")]
+    Eos,
+    #[error("no buffer ready for dequeue")]
+    NotReady,
+    #[error("unexpected ioctl error: {0}")]
+    Other(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<Errno> for DqBufIoctlError {
+    fn from(error: Errno) -> Self {
+        match error {
+            Errno::EAGAIN => Self::NotReady,
+            Errno::EPIPE => Self::Eos,
+            error => Self::Other(error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<DqBufIoctlError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: DqBufIoctlError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            DqBufIoctlError::Eos => Errno::EPIPE,
+            DqBufIoctlError::NotReady => Errno::EAGAIN,
+            DqBufIoctlError::Other(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub type DqBufError<CE> = IoctlConvertError<DqBufIoctlError, CE>;
+pub type DqBufResult<O, CE> = IoctlConvertResult<O, DqBufIoctlError, CE>;
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_DQBUF` ioctl.
+pub fn dqbuf<O>(fd: &impl AsRawFd, queue: QueueType, memory: MemoryType) -> DqBufResult<O, O::Error>
+where
+    O: TryFrom<UncheckedV4l2Buffer>,
+    O::Error: std::fmt::Debug,
+{
+    let mut v4l2_buf = UncheckedV4l2Buffer::new_for_querybuf(queue, None);
+    v4l2_buf.0.memory = memory as u32;
+
+    ioctl_and_convert(
+        unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_dqbuf(fd.as_raw_fd(), v4l2_buf.as_mut()) }
+            .map(|_| v4l2_buf)
+            .map_err(Into::into),
+    )
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/enum_fmt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the `VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT` ioctl.
+use super::string_from_cstr;
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_fmtdesc;
+use crate::{PixelFormat, QueueType};
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use log::error;
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags returned by the `VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT` ioctl into the `flags` field of
+    /// `struct v4l2_fmtdesc`.
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct FormatFlags: u32 {
+        const COMPRESSED = bindings::V4L2_FMT_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+        const EMULATED = bindings::V4L2_FMT_FLAG_EMULATED;
+    }
+}
+/// Quickly get the Fourcc code of a format.
+impl From<v4l2_fmtdesc> for PixelFormat {
+    fn from(fmtdesc: v4l2_fmtdesc) -> Self {
+        fmtdesc.pixelformat.into()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe variant of the `v4l2_fmtdesc` struct, to be used with `enum_fmt`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FmtDesc {
+    pub flags: FormatFlags,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub pixelformat: PixelFormat,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for FmtDesc {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}: {} {}",
+            self.pixelformat,
+            self.description,
+            if self.flags.is_empty() {
+                "".into()
+            } else {
+                format!("({:?})", self.flags)
+            }
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<v4l2_fmtdesc> for FmtDesc {
+    fn from(fmtdesc: v4l2_fmtdesc) -> Self {
+        FmtDesc {
+            flags: FormatFlags::from_bits_truncate(fmtdesc.flags),
+            description: string_from_cstr(&fmtdesc.description).unwrap_or_else(|_| "".into()),
+            pixelformat: fmtdesc.pixelformat.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_fmtdesc;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_enum_fmt, b'V', 2, v4l2_fmtdesc);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum EnumFmtError {
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(#[from] nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<EnumFmtError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: EnumFmtError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            EnumFmtError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT` ioctl.
+pub fn enum_fmt<T: From<v4l2_fmtdesc>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    queue: QueueType,
+    index: u32,
+) -> Result<T, EnumFmtError> {
+    let mut fmtdesc = v4l2_fmtdesc {
+        type_: queue as u32,
+        index,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_enum_fmt(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut fmtdesc) }?;
+
+    Ok(T::from(fmtdesc))
+}
+
+/// Iterator over the formats of the given queue. This takes a reference to the
+/// device's file descriptor so no operation that could affect the format
+/// enumeration can take place while the iterator exists.
+pub struct FormatIterator<'a, F: AsRawFd> {
+    fd: &'a F,
+    queue: QueueType,
+    index: u32,
+}
+
+impl<'a, F: AsRawFd> FormatIterator<'a, F> {
+    /// Create a new iterator listing all the currently valid formats on
+    /// `queue`.
+    pub fn new(fd: &'a F, queue: QueueType) -> Self {
+        FormatIterator {
+            fd,
+            queue,
+            index: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, F: AsRawFd> Iterator for FormatIterator<'a, F> {
+    type Item = FmtDesc;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        match enum_fmt(self.fd, self.queue, self.index) {
+            Ok(fmtdesc) => {
+                self.index += 1;
+                Some(fmtdesc)
+            }
+            // EINVAL means we have reached the last format.
+            Err(EnumFmtError::IoctlError(Errno::EINVAL)) => None,
+            _ => {
+                error!("Unexpected return value for VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT!");
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/expbuf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the `VIDIOC_EXPBUF` ioctl.
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use nix::fcntl::OFlag;
+use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_exportbuffer;
+use crate::QueueType;
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags that can be passed when exporting the buffer.
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct ExpbufFlags: u32 {
+        const CLOEXEC = OFlag::O_CLOEXEC.bits() as u32;
+        const RDONLY = OFlag::O_RDONLY.bits() as u32;
+        const WRONLY = OFlag::O_WRONLY.bits() as u32;
+        const RDWR = OFlag::O_RDWR.bits() as u32;
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_exportbuffer;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_expbuf, b'V', 16, v4l2_exportbuffer);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum ExpbufError {
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(#[from] Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<ExpbufError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: ExpbufError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            ExpbufError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_EXPBUF` ioctl.
+pub fn expbuf<R: FromRawFd>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    queue: QueueType,
+    index: usize,
+    plane: usize,
+    flags: ExpbufFlags,
+) -> Result<R, ExpbufError> {
+    let mut v4l2_expbuf = v4l2_exportbuffer {
+        type_: queue as u32,
+        index: index as u32,
+        plane: plane as u32,
+        flags: flags.bits(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_expbuf(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut v4l2_expbuf) }?;
+
+    Ok(unsafe { R::from_raw_fd(v4l2_expbuf.fd) })
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/frameintervals.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_frmivalenum;
+use crate::PixelFormat;
+
+/// A wrapper for the 'v4l2_frmivalenum' union member types
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum FrmIvalTypes<'a> {
+    Discrete(&'a bindings::v4l2_fract),
+    StepWise(&'a bindings::v4l2_frmival_stepwise),
+}
+
+impl v4l2_frmivalenum {
+    /// Safely access the intervals member of the struct based on the
+    /// returned type.
+    pub fn intervals(&self) -> Option<FrmIvalTypes<'_>> {
+        match self.type_ {
+            // SAFETY: the member of the union that gets used by the driver
+            // is determined by the type
+            bindings::v4l2_frmivaltypes_V4L2_FRMIVAL_TYPE_DISCRETE => {
+                Some(FrmIvalTypes::Discrete(unsafe {
+                    &self.__bindgen_anon_1.discrete
+                }))
+            }
+
+            // SAFETY: the member of the union that gets used by the driver
+            // is determined by the type
+            bindings::v4l2_frmivaltypes_V4L2_FRMIVAL_TYPE_CONTINUOUS
+            | bindings::v4l2_frmivaltypes_V4L2_FRMIVAL_TYPE_STEPWISE => {
+                Some(FrmIvalTypes::StepWise(unsafe {
+                    &self.__bindgen_anon_1.stepwise
+                }))
+            }
+
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_frmivalenum;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_enum_frameintervals, b'V', 75, v4l2_frmivalenum);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum FrameIntervalsError {
+    #[error("Unexpected ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<FrameIntervalsError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: FrameIntervalsError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            FrameIntervalsError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS` ioctl.
+pub fn enum_frame_intervals<O: From<v4l2_frmivalenum>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    index: u32,
+    pixel_format: PixelFormat,
+    width: u32,
+    height: u32,
+) -> Result<O, FrameIntervalsError> {
+    let mut frame_interval = v4l2_frmivalenum {
+        index,
+        pixel_format: pixel_format.into(),
+        width,
+        height,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_enum_frameintervals(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut frame_interval) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(frame_interval)),
+        Err(e) => Err(FrameIntervalsError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/framesizes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_frmsizeenum;
+use crate::PixelFormat;
+
+/// A wrapper for the 'v4l2_frmsizeenum' union member types
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum FrmSizeTypes<'a> {
+    Discrete(&'a bindings::v4l2_frmsize_discrete),
+    StepWise(&'a bindings::v4l2_frmsize_stepwise),
+}
+
+impl v4l2_frmsizeenum {
+    /// Safely access the size member of the struct based on the
+    /// returned type.
+    pub fn size(&self) -> Option<FrmSizeTypes<'_>> {
+        match self.type_ {
+            // SAFETY: the member of the union that gets used by the driver
+            // is determined by the type
+            bindings::v4l2_frmsizetypes_V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_DISCRETE => {
+                Some(FrmSizeTypes::Discrete(unsafe {
+                    &self.__bindgen_anon_1.discrete
+                }))
+            }
+
+            // SAFETY: the member of the union that gets used by the driver
+            // is determined by the type
+            bindings::v4l2_frmsizetypes_V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_CONTINUOUS
+            | bindings::v4l2_frmsizetypes_V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_STEPWISE => {
+                Some(FrmSizeTypes::StepWise(unsafe {
+                    &self.__bindgen_anon_1.stepwise
+                }))
+            }
+
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_frmsizeenum;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_enum_framesizes, b'V', 74, v4l2_frmsizeenum);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum FrameSizeError {
+    #[error("Unexpected ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<FrameSizeError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: FrameSizeError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            FrameSizeError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES` ioctl.
+pub fn enum_frame_sizes<O: From<v4l2_frmsizeenum>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    index: u32,
+    pixel_format: PixelFormat,
+) -> Result<O, FrameSizeError> {
+    let mut frame_size = v4l2_frmsizeenum {
+        index,
+        pixel_format: pixel_format.into(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_enum_framesizes(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut frame_size) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(frame_size)),
+        Err(e) => Err(FrameSizeError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/g_dv_timings.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+
+use enumn::N;
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_dv_timings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_dv_timings_cap;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_enum_dv_timings;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_dv_timings;
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_dv_timings_cap;
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_enum_dv_timings;
+
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_s_dv_timings, b'V', 87, v4l2_dv_timings);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_g_dv_timings, b'V', 88, v4l2_dv_timings);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_enum_dv_timings, b'V', 98, v4l2_enum_dv_timings);
+    nix::ioctl_read!(vidioc_query_dv_timings, b'V', 99, v4l2_dv_timings);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_dv_timings_cap, b'V', 100, v4l2_dv_timings_cap);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, N)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum DvTimingsType {
+    Bt6561120 = bindings::V4L2_DV_BT_656_1120,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum GDvTimingsError {
+    #[error("ioctl not supported or invalid parameters")]
+    Invalid,
+    #[error("Digital video timings are not supported on this input or output")]
+    Unsupported,
+    #[error("Device is busy and cannot change timings")]
+    Busy,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<GDvTimingsError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: GDvTimingsError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            GDvTimingsError::Invalid => Errno::EINVAL,
+            GDvTimingsError::Unsupported => Errno::ENODATA,
+            GDvTimingsError::Busy => Errno::EBUSY,
+            GDvTimingsError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_S_DV_TIMINGS` ioctl.
+pub fn s_dv_timings<I: Into<v4l2_dv_timings>, O: From<v4l2_dv_timings>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    timings: I,
+) -> Result<O, GDvTimingsError> {
+    let mut timings: v4l2_dv_timings = timings.into();
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_s_dv_timings(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut timings) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(timings)),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(GDvTimingsError::Invalid),
+        Err(Errno::ENODATA) => Err(GDvTimingsError::Unsupported),
+        Err(Errno::EBUSY) => Err(GDvTimingsError::Busy),
+        Err(e) => Err(GDvTimingsError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_G_DV_TIMINGS` ioctl.
+pub fn g_dv_timings<O: From<v4l2_dv_timings>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd) -> Result<O, GDvTimingsError> {
+    let mut timings = v4l2_dv_timings {
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_g_dv_timings(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut timings) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(timings)),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(GDvTimingsError::Invalid),
+        Err(Errno::ENODATA) => Err(GDvTimingsError::Unsupported),
+        Err(Errno::EBUSY) => Err(GDvTimingsError::Busy),
+        Err(e) => Err(GDvTimingsError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum EnumDvTimingsError {
+    #[error("timing index is out of bounds")]
+    Invalid,
+    #[error("Digital video timings are not supported on this input or output")]
+    Unsupported,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<EnumDvTimingsError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: EnumDvTimingsError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            EnumDvTimingsError::Invalid => Errno::EINVAL,
+            EnumDvTimingsError::Unsupported => Errno::ENODATA,
+            EnumDvTimingsError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS` ioctl.
+pub fn enum_dv_timings<O: From<v4l2_dv_timings>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    index: u32,
+) -> Result<O, EnumDvTimingsError> {
+    let mut timings = v4l2_enum_dv_timings {
+        index,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_enum_dv_timings(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut timings) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(timings.timings)),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(EnumDvTimingsError::Invalid),
+        Err(Errno::ENODATA) => Err(EnumDvTimingsError::Unsupported),
+        Err(e) => Err(EnumDvTimingsError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum QueryDvTimingsError {
+    #[error("Digital video timings are not supported on this input or output")]
+    Unsupported,
+    #[error("No timings could be detected because no signal was found")]
+    NoLink,
+    #[error("Unstable signal")]
+    UnstableSignal,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<QueryDvTimingsError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: QueryDvTimingsError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            QueryDvTimingsError::Unsupported => Errno::ENODATA,
+            QueryDvTimingsError::NoLink => Errno::ENOLINK,
+            QueryDvTimingsError::UnstableSignal => Errno::ENOLCK,
+            QueryDvTimingsError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS` ioctl.
+pub fn query_dv_timings<O: From<v4l2_dv_timings>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+) -> Result<O, QueryDvTimingsError> {
+    let mut timings = v4l2_dv_timings {
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_query_dv_timings(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut timings) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(timings)),
+        Err(Errno::ENODATA) => Err(QueryDvTimingsError::Unsupported),
+        Err(Errno::ENOLINK) => Err(QueryDvTimingsError::NoLink),
+        Err(Errno::ENOLCK) => Err(QueryDvTimingsError::UnstableSignal),
+        Err(e) => Err(QueryDvTimingsError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum DvTimingsCapError {
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<DvTimingsCapError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: DvTimingsCapError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            DvTimingsCapError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP` ioctl.
+pub fn dv_timings_cap<O: From<v4l2_dv_timings_cap>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+) -> Result<O, DvTimingsCapError> {
+    let mut caps = v4l2_dv_timings_cap {
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_dv_timings_cap(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut caps) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(caps)),
+        Err(e) => Err(DvTimingsCapError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/g_fmt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the `VIDIOC_(G|S|TRY)_FMT` ioctls.
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use std::convert::{From, Into, TryFrom, TryInto};
+use std::default::Default;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_format;
+use crate::Format;
+use crate::FormatConversionError;
+use crate::PlaneLayout;
+use crate::QueueType;
+
+impl TryFrom<(QueueType, &Format)> for v4l2_format {
+    type Error = FormatConversionError;
+
+    fn try_from((queue, format): (QueueType, &Format)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(v4l2_format {
+            type_: queue as u32,
+            fmt: match queue {
+                QueueType::VideoCaptureMplane | QueueType::VideoOutputMplane => {
+                    bindings::v4l2_format__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                        pix_mp: {
+                            if format.plane_fmt.len() > bindings::VIDEO_MAX_PLANES as usize {
+                                return Err(Self::Error::TooManyPlanes(format.plane_fmt.len()));
+                            }
+
+                            let mut pix_mp = bindings::v4l2_pix_format_mplane {
+                                width: format.width,
+                                height: format.height,
+                                pixelformat: format.pixelformat.into(),
+                                num_planes: format.plane_fmt.len() as u8,
+                                plane_fmt: Default::default(),
+                                ..Default::default()
+                            };
+
+                            for (plane, v4l2_plane) in
+                                format.plane_fmt.iter().zip(pix_mp.plane_fmt.iter_mut())
+                            {
+                                *v4l2_plane = plane.into();
+                            }
+
+                            pix_mp
+                        },
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => bindings::v4l2_format__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                    pix: {
+                        if format.plane_fmt.len() > 1 {
+                            return Err(Self::Error::TooManyPlanes(format.plane_fmt.len()));
+                        }
+
+                        let (bytesperline, sizeimage) = if !format.plane_fmt.is_empty() {
+                            (
+                                format.plane_fmt[0].bytesperline,
+                                format.plane_fmt[0].sizeimage,
+                            )
+                        } else {
+                            Default::default()
+                        };
+
+                        bindings::v4l2_pix_format {
+                            width: format.width,
+                            height: format.height,
+                            pixelformat: format.pixelformat.into(),
+                            bytesperline,
+                            sizeimage,
+                            ..Default::default()
+                        }
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&PlaneLayout> for bindings::v4l2_plane_pix_format {
+    fn from(plane: &PlaneLayout) -> Self {
+        bindings::v4l2_plane_pix_format {
+            sizeimage: plane.sizeimage,
+            bytesperline: plane.bytesperline,
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_format;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_g_fmt, b'V', 4, v4l2_format);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_s_fmt, b'V', 5, v4l2_format);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_try_fmt, b'V', 64, v4l2_format);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum GFmtError {
+    #[error("error while converting from V4L2 format")]
+    FromV4L2FormatConversionError,
+    #[error("invalid buffer type requested")]
+    InvalidBufferType,
+    #[error("unexpected ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<GFmtError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: GFmtError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            GFmtError::FromV4L2FormatConversionError => Errno::EINVAL,
+            GFmtError::InvalidBufferType => Errno::EINVAL,
+            GFmtError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_G_FMT` ioctl.
+pub fn g_fmt<O: TryFrom<v4l2_format>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd, queue: QueueType) -> Result<O, GFmtError> {
+    let mut fmt = v4l2_format {
+        type_: queue as u32,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_g_fmt(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut fmt) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(fmt
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| GFmtError::FromV4L2FormatConversionError)?),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(GFmtError::InvalidBufferType),
+        Err(e) => Err(GFmtError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum SFmtError {
+    #[error("error while converting from V4L2 format")]
+    FromV4L2FormatConversionError,
+    #[error("error while converting to V4L2 format")]
+    ToV4L2FormatConversionError,
+    #[error("invalid buffer type requested")]
+    InvalidBufferType,
+    #[error("device currently busy")]
+    DeviceBusy,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<SFmtError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: SFmtError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            SFmtError::FromV4L2FormatConversionError => Errno::EINVAL,
+            SFmtError::ToV4L2FormatConversionError => Errno::EINVAL,
+            SFmtError::InvalidBufferType => Errno::EINVAL,
+            SFmtError::DeviceBusy => Errno::EBUSY,
+            SFmtError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_S_FMT` ioctl.
+pub fn s_fmt<I: TryInto<v4l2_format>, O: TryFrom<v4l2_format>>(
+    fd: &mut impl AsRawFd,
+    format: I,
+) -> Result<O, SFmtError> {
+    let mut fmt: v4l2_format = format
+        .try_into()
+        .map_err(|_| SFmtError::ToV4L2FormatConversionError)?;
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_s_fmt(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut fmt) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(fmt
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| SFmtError::FromV4L2FormatConversionError)?),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(SFmtError::InvalidBufferType),
+        Err(Errno::EBUSY) => Err(SFmtError::DeviceBusy),
+        Err(e) => Err(SFmtError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum TryFmtError {
+    #[error("error while converting from V4L2 format")]
+    FromV4L2FormatConversionError,
+    #[error("error while converting to V4L2 format")]
+    ToV4L2FormatConversionError,
+    #[error("invalid buffer type requested")]
+    InvalidBufferType,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<TryFmtError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: TryFmtError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            TryFmtError::FromV4L2FormatConversionError => Errno::EINVAL,
+            TryFmtError::ToV4L2FormatConversionError => Errno::EINVAL,
+            TryFmtError::InvalidBufferType => Errno::EINVAL,
+            TryFmtError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_TRY_FMT` ioctl.
+pub fn try_fmt<I: TryInto<v4l2_format>, O: TryFrom<v4l2_format>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    format: I,
+) -> Result<O, TryFmtError> {
+    let mut fmt: v4l2_format = format
+        .try_into()
+        .map_err(|_| TryFmtError::ToV4L2FormatConversionError)?;
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_try_fmt(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut fmt) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(fmt
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| TryFmtError::FromV4L2FormatConversionError)?),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(TryFmtError::InvalidBufferType),
+        Err(e) => Err(TryFmtError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::convert::TryInto;
+
+    #[test]
+    // Convert from Format to multi-planar v4l2_format and back.
+    fn mplane_to_v4l2_format() {
+        // This is not a real format but let us use unique values per field.
+        let mplane = Format {
+            width: 632,
+            height: 480,
+            pixelformat: b"NM12".into(),
+            plane_fmt: vec![
+                PlaneLayout {
+                    sizeimage: 307200,
+                    bytesperline: 640,
+                },
+                PlaneLayout {
+                    sizeimage: 153600,
+                    bytesperline: 320,
+                },
+                PlaneLayout {
+                    sizeimage: 76800,
+                    bytesperline: 160,
+                },
+            ],
+        };
+        let v4l2_format = v4l2_format {
+            ..(QueueType::VideoCaptureMplane, &mplane).try_into().unwrap()
+        };
+        let mplane2: Format = v4l2_format.try_into().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(mplane, mplane2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    // Convert from Format to single-planar v4l2_format and back.
+    fn splane_to_v4l2_format() {
+        // This is not a real format but let us use unique values per field.
+        let splane = Format {
+            width: 632,
+            height: 480,
+            pixelformat: b"NV12".into(),
+            plane_fmt: vec![PlaneLayout {
+                sizeimage: 307200,
+                bytesperline: 640,
+            }],
+        };
+        // Conversion to/from single-planar format.
+        let v4l2_format = v4l2_format {
+            ..(QueueType::VideoCapture, &splane).try_into().unwrap()
+        };
+        let splane2: Format = v4l2_format.try_into().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(splane, splane2);
+
+        // Trying to use a multi-planar format with the single-planar API should
+        // fail.
+        let mplane = Format {
+            width: 632,
+            height: 480,
+            pixelformat: b"NM12".into(),
+            // This is not a real format but let us use unique values per field.
+            plane_fmt: vec![
+                PlaneLayout {
+                    sizeimage: 307200,
+                    bytesperline: 640,
+                },
+                PlaneLayout {
+                    sizeimage: 153600,
+                    bytesperline: 320,
+                },
+                PlaneLayout {
+                    sizeimage: 76800,
+                    bytesperline: 160,
+                },
+            ],
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            TryInto::<v4l2_format>::try_into((QueueType::VideoCapture, &mplane)).err(),
+            Some(FormatConversionError::TooManyPlanes(3))
+        );
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/g_parm.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_standard;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_std_id;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_streamparm;
+use crate::QueueType;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_standard;
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_std_id;
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_streamparm;
+
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_g_parm, b'V', 21, v4l2_streamparm);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_s_parm, b'V', 22, v4l2_streamparm);
+    nix::ioctl_read!(vidioc_g_std, b'V', 23, v4l2_std_id);
+    nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(vidioc_s_std, b'V', 24, v4l2_std_id);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_enumstd, b'V', 25, v4l2_standard);
+    nix::ioctl_read!(vidioc_querystd, b'V', 63, v4l2_std_id);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum GParmError {
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<GParmError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: GParmError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            GParmError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_G_PARM` ioctl.
+pub fn g_parm<O: From<v4l2_streamparm>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    queue: QueueType,
+) -> Result<O, GParmError> {
+    let mut parm = v4l2_streamparm {
+        type_: queue as u32,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_g_parm(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut parm) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(parm)),
+        Err(e) => Err(GParmError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_S_PARM` ioctl.
+pub fn s_parm<I: Into<v4l2_streamparm>, O: From<v4l2_streamparm>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    parm: I,
+) -> Result<O, GParmError> {
+    let mut parm = parm.into();
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_s_parm(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut parm) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(parm)),
+        Err(e) => Err(GParmError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_G_STD` ioctl.
+pub fn g_std<O: From<v4l2_std_id>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd) -> Result<O, GParmError> {
+    let mut std_id: v4l2_std_id = 0;
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_g_std(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut std_id) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(std_id)),
+        Err(e) => Err(GParmError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum SStdError {
+    #[error("unsupported standard requested")]
+    Unsupported,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<SStdError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: SStdError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            SStdError::Unsupported => Errno::EINVAL,
+            SStdError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_S_STD` ioctl.
+pub fn s_std<I: Into<v4l2_std_id>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd, std_id: I) -> Result<(), SStdError> {
+    let std_id = std_id.into();
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_s_std(fd.as_raw_fd(), &std_id) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(SStdError::Unsupported),
+        Err(e) => Err(SStdError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum EnumStdError {
+    #[error("requested index is out of bounds")]
+    OutOfBounds,
+    #[error("standard video timings are not supported for this input or output")]
+    Unsupported,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<EnumStdError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: EnumStdError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            EnumStdError::OutOfBounds => Errno::EINVAL,
+            EnumStdError::Unsupported => Errno::ENODATA,
+            EnumStdError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_ENUMSTD` ioctl.
+pub fn enumstd<O: From<v4l2_standard>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd, index: u32) -> Result<O, EnumStdError> {
+    let mut standard = v4l2_standard {
+        index,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_enumstd(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut standard) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(standard)),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(EnumStdError::OutOfBounds),
+        Err(Errno::ENODATA) => Err(EnumStdError::Unsupported),
+        Err(e) => Err(EnumStdError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_QUERYSTD` ioctl.
+pub fn querystd<O: From<v4l2_std_id>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd) -> Result<O, GParmError> {
+    let mut std_id: v4l2_std_id = 0;
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_querystd(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut std_id) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(std_id)),
+        Err(e) => Err(GParmError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/g_selection.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use enumn::N;
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_rect;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_selection;
+
+#[derive(Debug, N, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum SelectionType {
+    Capture = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
+    Output = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, N, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum SelectionTarget {
+    Crop = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP,
+    CropDefault = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_DEFAULT,
+    CropBounds = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_CROP_BOUNDS,
+    NativeSize = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_NATIVE_SIZE,
+    Compose = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE,
+    ComposeDefault = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_DEFAULT,
+    ComposeBounds = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_BOUNDS,
+    ComposePadded = bindings::V4L2_SEL_TGT_COMPOSE_PADDED,
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct SelectionFlags: u32 {
+        const GE = bindings::V4L2_SEL_FLAG_GE;
+        const LE = bindings::V4L2_SEL_FLAG_LE;
+        const KEEP_CONFIG = bindings::V4L2_SEL_FLAG_KEEP_CONFIG;
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_selection;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_g_selection, b'V', 94, v4l2_selection);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_s_selection, b'V', 95, v4l2_selection);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum GSelectionError {
+    #[error("invalid type or target requested")]
+    Invalid,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<GSelectionError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: GSelectionError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            GSelectionError::Invalid => Errno::EINVAL,
+            GSelectionError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_G_SELECTION` ioctl.
+pub fn g_selection<R: From<v4l2_rect>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    selection: SelectionType,
+    target: SelectionTarget,
+) -> Result<R, GSelectionError> {
+    let mut sel = v4l2_selection {
+        type_: selection as u32,
+        target: target as u32,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_g_selection(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut sel) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(R::from(sel.r)),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(GSelectionError::Invalid),
+        Err(e) => Err(GSelectionError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum SSelectionError {
+    #[error("invalid type or target requested")]
+    Invalid,
+    #[error("invalid range requested")]
+    InvalidRange,
+    #[error("cannot change selection rectangle currently")]
+    Busy,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<SSelectionError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: SSelectionError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            SSelectionError::Invalid => Errno::EINVAL,
+            SSelectionError::InvalidRange => Errno::ERANGE,
+            SSelectionError::Busy => Errno::EBUSY,
+            SSelectionError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_S_SELECTION` ioctl.
+pub fn s_selection<RI: Into<v4l2_rect>, RO: From<v4l2_rect>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    selection: SelectionType,
+    target: SelectionTarget,
+    rect: RI,
+    flags: SelectionFlags,
+) -> Result<RO, SSelectionError> {
+    let mut sel = v4l2_selection {
+        type_: selection as u32,
+        target: target as u32,
+        flags: flags.bits(),
+        r: rect.into(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_s_selection(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut sel) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(RO::from(sel.r)),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(SSelectionError::Invalid),
+        Err(Errno::ERANGE) => Err(SSelectionError::InvalidRange),
+        Err(Errno::EBUSY) => Err(SSelectionError::Busy),
+        Err(e) => Err(SSelectionError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/mmap.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+use core::num::NonZeroUsize;
+use std::{
+    cmp::{max, min},
+    ops::Deref,
+    ptr::NonNull,
+    slice,
+};
+use std::{ops::DerefMut, os::unix::io::AsFd};
+
+use log::error;
+use nix::{errno::Errno, libc::off_t, sys::mman};
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub struct PlaneMapping {
+    // A mapping remains valid until we munmap it, that is, until the
+    // PlaneMapping object is deleted. Hence the static lifetime.
+    pub data: &'static mut [u8],
+
+    start: usize,
+    end: usize,
+}
+
+impl PlaneMapping {
+    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.end - self.start
+    }
+
+    pub fn restrict(mut self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Self {
+        self.start = max(self.start, start);
+        self.end = min(self.end, end);
+
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<[u8]> for PlaneMapping {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.data[self.start..self.end]
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsMut<[u8]> for PlaneMapping {
+    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        &mut self.data[self.start..self.end]
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for PlaneMapping {
+    type Target = [u8];
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.data[self.start..self.end]
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for PlaneMapping {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.data[self.start..self.end]
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for PlaneMapping {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // Safe because the pointer and length were constructed in mmap() and
+        // are always valid.
+        unsafe {
+            mman::munmap(
+                NonNull::new_unchecked(self.data.as_mut_ptr().cast()),
+                self.data.len(),
+            )
+        }
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            error!("Error while unmapping plane: {}", e);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum MmapError {
+    #[error("provided length was 0")]
+    ZeroLength,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(#[from] Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<MmapError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: MmapError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            MmapError::ZeroLength => Errno::EINVAL,
+            MmapError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO should be unsafe because the mapping can be used after a buffer is queued?
+// Or not, since this cannot cause a crash...
+pub fn mmap(fd: &impl AsFd, mem_offset: u32, length: u32) -> Result<PlaneMapping, MmapError> {
+    let non_zero_length = NonZeroUsize::new(length as usize).ok_or(MmapError::ZeroLength)?;
+    let data = unsafe {
+        mman::mmap(
+            None,
+            non_zero_length,
+            mman::ProtFlags::PROT_READ | mman::ProtFlags::PROT_WRITE,
+            mman::MapFlags::MAP_SHARED,
+            fd,
+            mem_offset as off_t,
+        )
+    }?;
+
+    Ok(PlaneMapping {
+        // Safe because we know the pointer is valid and has enough data mapped
+        // to cover the length.
+        data: unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(data.as_ptr().cast(), length as usize) },
+        start: 0,
+        end: length as usize,
+    })
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/qbuf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the VIDIOC_(D)QBUF and VIDIOC_QUERYBUF ioctls.
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use nix::libc::{suseconds_t, time_t};
+use nix::sys::time::{TimeVal, TimeValLike};
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::ioctl::ioctl_and_convert;
+use crate::ioctl::BufferFlags;
+use crate::ioctl::IoctlConvertError;
+use crate::ioctl::IoctlConvertResult;
+use crate::ioctl::UncheckedV4l2Buffer;
+use crate::memory::Memory;
+use crate::memory::PlaneHandle;
+use crate::QueueType;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum QBufIoctlError {
+    #[error("invalid number of planes specified for the buffer: got {0}, expected {1}")]
+    NumPlanesMismatch(usize, usize),
+    #[error("data offset specified while using the single-planar API")]
+    DataOffsetNotSupported,
+    #[error("unexpected ioctl error: {0}")]
+    Other(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<Errno> for QBufIoctlError {
+    fn from(errno: Errno) -> Self {
+        Self::Other(errno)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<QBufIoctlError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: QBufIoctlError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            QBufIoctlError::NumPlanesMismatch(_, _) => Errno::EINVAL,
+            QBufIoctlError::DataOffsetNotSupported => Errno::EINVAL,
+            QBufIoctlError::Other(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Representation of a single plane of a V4L2 buffer.
+pub struct QBufPlane(pub bindings::v4l2_plane);
+
+impl QBufPlane {
+    // TODO remove as this is not safe - we should always specify a handle.
+    pub fn new(bytes_used: usize) -> Self {
+        QBufPlane(bindings::v4l2_plane {
+            bytesused: bytes_used as u32,
+            data_offset: 0,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_from_handle<H: PlaneHandle>(handle: &H, bytes_used: usize) -> Self {
+        let mut plane = Self::new(bytes_used);
+        handle.fill_v4l2_plane(&mut plane.0);
+        plane
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for QBufPlane {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("QBufPlane")
+            .field("bytesused", &self.0.bytesused)
+            .field("data_offset", &self.0.data_offset)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Contains all the information that can be passed to the `qbuf` ioctl.
+// TODO Change this to contain a v4l2_buffer, and create constructors/methods
+// to change it? Then during qbuf we just need to set m.planes to planes
+// (after resizing it to 8) and we are good to use it as-is.
+// We could even turn the trait into AsRef<v4l2_buffer> for good measure.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct QBuffer<H: PlaneHandle> {
+    index: u32,
+    queue: QueueType,
+    pub flags: BufferFlags,
+    pub field: u32,
+    pub sequence: u32,
+    pub timestamp: TimeVal,
+    pub planes: Vec<QBufPlane>,
+    pub _h: std::marker::PhantomData<H>,
+}
+
+impl<H: PlaneHandle> QBuffer<H> {
+    pub fn new(queue: QueueType, index: u32) -> Self {
+        QBuffer {
+            index,
+            queue,
+            flags: Default::default(),
+            field: Default::default(),
+            sequence: Default::default(),
+            timestamp: TimeVal::zero(),
+            planes: Vec::new(),
+            _h: std::marker::PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<H: PlaneHandle> QBuffer<H> {
+    pub fn set_timestamp(mut self, sec: time_t, usec: suseconds_t) -> Self {
+        self.timestamp = TimeVal::new(sec, usec);
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<H: PlaneHandle> From<QBuffer<H>> for UncheckedV4l2Buffer {
+    fn from(qbuf: QBuffer<H>) -> Self {
+        let mut v4l2_buf = UncheckedV4l2Buffer::new_for_querybuf(qbuf.queue, Some(qbuf.index));
+        v4l2_buf.0.index = qbuf.index;
+        v4l2_buf.0.type_ = qbuf.queue as u32;
+        v4l2_buf.0.memory = H::Memory::MEMORY_TYPE as u32;
+        v4l2_buf.0.flags = qbuf.flags.bits();
+        v4l2_buf.0.field = qbuf.field;
+        v4l2_buf.0.sequence = qbuf.sequence;
+        v4l2_buf.0.timestamp.tv_sec = qbuf.timestamp.tv_sec();
+        v4l2_buf.0.timestamp.tv_usec = qbuf.timestamp.tv_usec();
+        if let Some(planes) = &mut v4l2_buf.1 {
+            for (dst_plane, src_plane) in planes.iter_mut().zip(qbuf.planes.into_iter()) {
+                *dst_plane = src_plane.0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            let plane = &qbuf.planes[0];
+
+            v4l2_buf.0.length = plane.0.length;
+            v4l2_buf.0.bytesused = plane.0.bytesused;
+            v4l2_buf.0.m = (&plane.0.m, H::Memory::MEMORY_TYPE).into();
+        }
+
+        v4l2_buf
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_buffer;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_querybuf, b'V', 9, v4l2_buffer);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_qbuf, b'V', 15, v4l2_buffer);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_dqbuf, b'V', 17, v4l2_buffer);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_prepare_buf, b'V', 93, v4l2_buffer);
+}
+
+pub type QBufError<CE> = IoctlConvertError<QBufIoctlError, CE>;
+pub type QBufResult<O, CE> = IoctlConvertResult<O, QBufIoctlError, CE>;
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_QBUF` ioctl.
+///
+/// TODO: `qbuf` should be unsafe! The following invariants need to be guaranteed
+/// by the caller:
+///
+/// For MMAP buffers, any mapping must not be accessed by the caller (or any
+/// mapping must be unmapped before queueing?). Also if the buffer has been
+/// DMABUF-exported, its consumers must likewise not access it.
+///
+/// For DMABUF buffers, the FD must not be duplicated and accessed anywhere else.
+///
+/// For USERPTR buffers, things are most tricky. Not only must the data not be
+/// accessed by anyone else, the caller also needs to guarantee that the backing
+/// memory won't be freed until the corresponding buffer is returned by either
+/// `dqbuf` or `streamoff`.
+pub fn qbuf<I, O>(fd: &impl AsRawFd, buffer: I) -> QBufResult<O, O::Error>
+where
+    I: Into<UncheckedV4l2Buffer>,
+    O: TryFrom<UncheckedV4l2Buffer>,
+    O::Error: std::fmt::Debug,
+{
+    let mut v4l2_buf: UncheckedV4l2Buffer = buffer.into();
+
+    ioctl_and_convert(
+        unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_qbuf(fd.as_raw_fd(), v4l2_buf.as_mut()) }
+            .map(|_| v4l2_buf)
+            .map_err(Into::into),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_PREPARE_BUF` ioctl.
+pub fn prepare_buf<I, O>(fd: &impl AsRawFd, buffer: I) -> QBufResult<O, O::Error>
+where
+    I: Into<UncheckedV4l2Buffer>,
+    O: TryFrom<UncheckedV4l2Buffer>,
+    O::Error: std::fmt::Debug,
+{
+    let mut v4l2_buf: UncheckedV4l2Buffer = buffer.into();
+
+    ioctl_and_convert(
+        unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_prepare_buf(fd.as_raw_fd(), v4l2_buf.as_mut()) }
+            .map(|_| v4l2_buf)
+            .map_err(Into::into),
+    )
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/querybuf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use std::convert::Infallible;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::ioctl::ioctl_and_convert;
+use crate::ioctl::BufferFlags;
+use crate::ioctl::IoctlConvertError;
+use crate::ioctl::IoctlConvertResult;
+use crate::ioctl::UncheckedV4l2Buffer;
+use crate::QueueType;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct QueryBufPlane {
+    /// Offset to pass to `mmap()` in order to obtain a mapping for this plane.
+    pub mem_offset: u32,
+    /// Length of this plane.
+    pub length: u32,
+}
+
+/// Contains information about a buffer's layout, as obtained from [`crate::ioctl::querybuf`].
+///
+/// It is a subset of [`crate::ioctl::V4l2Buffer`], only more convenient on occasion because its
+/// conversion from an unchecked v4l2_buffer cannot fail.
+///
+/// Single-planar buffers have one entry in [`planes`] representing the layout of their unique
+/// plane.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct QueryBuffer {
+    pub index: usize,
+    pub flags: BufferFlags,
+    pub planes: Vec<QueryBufPlane>,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<UncheckedV4l2Buffer> for QueryBuffer {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    fn try_from(buffer: UncheckedV4l2Buffer) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let v4l2_buf = buffer.0;
+        let planes = match buffer.1 {
+            None => vec![QueryBufPlane {
+                mem_offset: unsafe { v4l2_buf.m.offset },
+                length: v4l2_buf.length,
+            }],
+            Some(v4l2_planes) => v4l2_planes
+                .iter()
+                .take(v4l2_buf.length as usize)
+                .map(|v4l2_plane| QueryBufPlane {
+                    mem_offset: unsafe { v4l2_plane.m.mem_offset },
+                    length: v4l2_plane.length,
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        };
+
+        Ok(QueryBuffer {
+            index: v4l2_buf.index as usize,
+            flags: BufferFlags::from_bits_truncate(v4l2_buf.flags),
+            planes,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_buffer;
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_querybuf, b'V', 9, v4l2_buffer);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum QueryBufIoctlError {
+    #[error("unsupported queue or out-of-bounds index")]
+    InvalidInput,
+    #[error("unexpected ioctl error: {0}")]
+    Other(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<Errno> for QueryBufIoctlError {
+    fn from(err: Errno) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            Errno::EINVAL => QueryBufIoctlError::InvalidInput,
+            e => QueryBufIoctlError::Other(e),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<QueryBufIoctlError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: QueryBufIoctlError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            QueryBufIoctlError::InvalidInput => Errno::EINVAL,
+            QueryBufIoctlError::Other(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub type QueryBufError<CE> = IoctlConvertError<QueryBufIoctlError, CE>;
+pub type QueryBufResult<O, CE> = IoctlConvertResult<O, QueryBufIoctlError, CE>;
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_QUERYBUF` ioctl.
+pub fn querybuf<O>(fd: &impl AsRawFd, queue: QueueType, index: usize) -> QueryBufResult<O, O::Error>
+where
+    O: TryFrom<UncheckedV4l2Buffer>,
+    O::Error: std::fmt::Debug,
+{
+    let mut v4l2_buf = UncheckedV4l2Buffer::new_for_querybuf(queue, Some(index as u32));
+
+    ioctl_and_convert(
+        unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_querybuf(fd.as_raw_fd(), v4l2_buf.as_mut()) }
+            .map(|_| v4l2_buf)
+            .map_err(Into::into),
+    )
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/querycap.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the `VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl.
+use super::string_from_cstr;
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_capability;
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags returned by the `VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl into the `capabilities`
+    /// or `device_capabilities` field of `v4l2_capability`.
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct Capabilities: u32 {
+        const VIDEO_CAPTURE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+        const VIDEO_OUTPUT = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT;
+        const VIDEO_OVERLAY = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY;
+        const VBI_CAPTURE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE;
+        const VBI_OUTPUT = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT;
+        const SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE;
+        const SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT = bindings::V4L2_CAP_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT;
+        const RDS_CAPTURE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_RDS_CAPTURE;
+        const VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY;
+        const HW_FREQ_SEEK = bindings::V4L2_CAP_HW_FREQ_SEEK;
+        const RDS_OUTPUT = bindings::V4L2_CAP_RDS_OUTPUT;
+
+        const VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE;
+        const VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE;
+        const VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE;
+        const VIDEO_M2M = bindings::V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M;
+
+        const TUNER = bindings::V4L2_CAP_TUNER;
+        const AUDIO = bindings::V4L2_CAP_AUDIO;
+        const RADIO = bindings::V4L2_CAP_RADIO;
+        const MODULATOR = bindings::V4L2_CAP_MODULATOR;
+
+        const SDR_CAPTURE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_SDR_CAPTURE;
+        const EXT_PIX_FORMAT = bindings::V4L2_CAP_EXT_PIX_FORMAT;
+        const SDR_OUTPUT = bindings::V4L2_CAP_SDR_OUTPUT;
+        const META_CAPTURE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_META_CAPTURE;
+
+        const READWRITE = bindings::V4L2_CAP_READWRITE;
+        const ASYNCIO = bindings::V4L2_CAP_ASYNCIO;
+        const STREAMING = bindings::V4L2_CAP_STREAMING;
+        const META_OUTPUT = bindings::V4L2_CAP_META_OUTPUT;
+
+        const TOUCH = bindings::V4L2_CAP_TOUCH;
+
+        const DEVICE_CAPS = bindings::V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS;
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Capabilities {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Debug::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Used to get the capability flags from a `VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl.
+impl From<v4l2_capability> for Capabilities {
+    fn from(qcap: v4l2_capability) -> Self {
+        Capabilities::from_bits_truncate(qcap.capabilities)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe variant of the `v4l2_capability` struct, to be used with `querycap`.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Capability {
+    pub driver: String,
+    pub card: String,
+    pub bus_info: String,
+    pub version: u32,
+    pub capabilities: Capabilities,
+    pub device_caps: Option<Capabilities>,
+}
+
+impl Capability {
+    /// Returns the set of capabilities of the hardware as a whole.
+    pub fn capabilities(&self) -> Capabilities {
+        self.capabilities
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the capabilities that apply to the currently opened V4L2 node.
+    pub fn device_caps(&self) -> Capabilities {
+        self.device_caps
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.capabilities.difference(Capabilities::DEVICE_CAPS))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<v4l2_capability> for Capability {
+    fn from(qcap: v4l2_capability) -> Self {
+        Capability {
+            driver: string_from_cstr(&qcap.driver).unwrap_or_else(|_| "".into()),
+            card: string_from_cstr(&qcap.card).unwrap_or_else(|_| "".into()),
+            bus_info: string_from_cstr(&qcap.bus_info).unwrap_or_else(|_| "".into()),
+            version: qcap.version,
+            capabilities: Capabilities::from_bits_truncate(qcap.capabilities),
+            device_caps: if qcap.capabilities & bindings::V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS != 0 {
+                Some(Capabilities::from_bits_truncate(qcap.device_caps))
+            } else {
+                None
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_capability;
+    nix::ioctl_read!(vidioc_querycap, b'V', 0, v4l2_capability);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum QueryCapError {
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<QueryCapError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: QueryCapError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            QueryCapError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl.
+pub fn querycap<T: From<v4l2_capability>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd) -> Result<T, QueryCapError> {
+    let mut qcap: v4l2_capability = Default::default();
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_querycap(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut qcap) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(T::from(qcap)),
+        Err(e) => Err(QueryCapError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/reqbufs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the `VIDIOC_REQBUFS` ioctl.
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_create_buffers;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_format;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_requestbuffers;
+use crate::memory::MemoryType;
+use crate::QueueType;
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use nix::{self, errno::Errno};
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags returned by the `VIDIOC_REQBUFS` ioctl into the `capabilities`
+    /// field of `struct v4l2_requestbuffers`.
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct BufferCapabilities: u32 {
+        const SUPPORTS_MMAP = bindings::V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_MMAP;
+        const SUPPORTS_USERPTR = bindings::V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_USERPTR;
+        const SUPPORTS_DMABUF = bindings::V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_DMABUF;
+        const SUPPORTS_REQUESTS = bindings::V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_REQUESTS;
+        const SUPPORTS_ORPHANED_BUFS = bindings::V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_ORPHANED_BUFS;
+        const SUPPORTS_M2M_HOLD_CAPTURE_BUF = bindings::V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_M2M_HOLD_CAPTURE_BUF;
+        const SUPPORTS_MMAP_CACHE_HINTS = bindings::V4L2_BUF_CAP_SUPPORTS_MMAP_CACHE_HINTS;
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Memory Consistency Flags passed to the `VIDIOC_REQBUFS` ioctl in the `flags`
+    /// field of `struct v4l2_requestbuffers`.
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct MemoryConsistency: u8 {
+        const MEMORY_FLAG_NON_COHERENT = bindings::V4L2_MEMORY_FLAG_NON_COHERENT as u8;
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<v4l2_requestbuffers> for () {
+    fn from(_reqbufs: v4l2_requestbuffers) -> Self {}
+}
+
+/// In case we are just interested in the number of buffers that `reqbufs`
+/// created.
+impl From<v4l2_requestbuffers> for usize {
+    fn from(reqbufs: v4l2_requestbuffers) -> Self {
+        reqbufs.count as usize
+    }
+}
+
+/// If we just want to query the buffer capabilities.
+impl From<v4l2_requestbuffers> for BufferCapabilities {
+    fn from(reqbufs: v4l2_requestbuffers) -> Self {
+        BufferCapabilities::from_bits_truncate(reqbufs.capabilities)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Full result of the `reqbufs` ioctl.
+pub struct RequestBuffers {
+    pub count: u32,
+    pub capabilities: BufferCapabilities,
+    pub flags: MemoryConsistency,
+}
+
+impl From<v4l2_requestbuffers> for RequestBuffers {
+    fn from(reqbufs: v4l2_requestbuffers) -> Self {
+        RequestBuffers {
+            count: reqbufs.count,
+            capabilities: BufferCapabilities::from_bits_truncate(reqbufs.capabilities),
+            flags: MemoryConsistency::from_bits_truncate(reqbufs.flags),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_create_buffers;
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_requestbuffers;
+
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_reqbufs, b'V', 8, v4l2_requestbuffers);
+    nix::ioctl_readwrite!(vidioc_create_bufs, b'V', 92, v4l2_create_buffers);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum ReqbufsError {
+    #[error("invalid buffer ({0}) or memory type ({1:?}) requested")]
+    InvalidBufferType(QueueType, MemoryType),
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<ReqbufsError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: ReqbufsError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            ReqbufsError::InvalidBufferType(_, _) => Errno::EINVAL,
+            ReqbufsError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_REQBUFS` ioctl.
+pub fn reqbufs<O: From<v4l2_requestbuffers>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    queue: QueueType,
+    memory: MemoryType,
+    count: u32,
+    flags: MemoryConsistency,
+) -> Result<O, ReqbufsError> {
+    let mut reqbufs = v4l2_requestbuffers {
+        count,
+        type_: queue as u32,
+        memory: memory as u32,
+        flags: flags.bits(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_reqbufs(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut reqbufs) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(reqbufs)),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(ReqbufsError::InvalidBufferType(queue, memory)),
+        Err(e) => Err(ReqbufsError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum CreateBufsError {
+    #[error("no memory available to allocate MMAP buffers")]
+    NoMem,
+    #[error("invalid format or memory type requested")]
+    Invalid,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(nix::Error),
+}
+
+impl From<CreateBufsError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: CreateBufsError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            CreateBufsError::NoMem => Errno::ENOMEM,
+            CreateBufsError::Invalid => Errno::EINVAL,
+            CreateBufsError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_CREATE_BUFS` ioctl.
+pub fn create_bufs<F: Into<v4l2_format>, O: From<v4l2_create_buffers>>(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    count: u32,
+    memory: MemoryType,
+    format: F,
+) -> Result<O, CreateBufsError> {
+    let mut create_bufs = v4l2_create_buffers {
+        count,
+        memory: memory as u32,
+        format: format.into(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_create_bufs(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut create_bufs) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(O::from(create_bufs)),
+        Err(Errno::ENOMEM) => Err(CreateBufsError::NoMem),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(CreateBufsError::Invalid),
+        Err(e) => Err(CreateBufsError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/streamon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the `VIDIOC_STREAM(ON|OFF)` ioctls.
+use crate::QueueType;
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(vidioc_streamon, b'V', 18, u32);
+    nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(vidioc_streamoff, b'V', 19, u32);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum StreamOnError {
+    #[error("queue type ({0}) not supported, or no buffers allocated or enqueued")]
+    InvalidQueue(QueueType),
+    #[error("invalid pad configuration")]
+    InvalidPadConfig,
+    #[error("invalid pipeline link configuration")]
+    InvalidPipelineConfig,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<StreamOnError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: StreamOnError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            StreamOnError::InvalidQueue(_) => Errno::EINVAL,
+            StreamOnError::InvalidPadConfig => Errno::EPIPE,
+            StreamOnError::InvalidPipelineConfig => Errno::ENOLINK,
+            StreamOnError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_STREAMON` ioctl.
+pub fn streamon(fd: &impl AsRawFd, queue: QueueType) -> Result<(), StreamOnError> {
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_streamon(fd.as_raw_fd(), &(queue as u32)) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(StreamOnError::InvalidQueue(queue)),
+        Err(Errno::EPIPE) => Err(StreamOnError::InvalidPadConfig),
+        Err(Errno::ENOLINK) => Err(StreamOnError::InvalidPipelineConfig),
+        Err(e) => Err(StreamOnError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum StreamOffError {
+    #[error("queue type not supported")]
+    InvalidQueue,
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<StreamOffError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: StreamOffError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            StreamOffError::InvalidQueue => Errno::EINVAL,
+            StreamOffError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_STREAMOFF` ioctl.
+pub fn streamoff(fd: &impl AsRawFd, queue: QueueType) -> Result<(), StreamOffError> {
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_streamoff(fd.as_raw_fd(), &(queue as u32)) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+        Err(Errno::EINVAL) => Err(StreamOffError::InvalidQueue),
+        Err(e) => Err(StreamOffError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/ioctl/subscribe_event.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+//! Safe wrapper for the `VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT` and `VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT
+//! ioctls.
+
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use nix::errno::Errno;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+use crate::bindings;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_event;
+use crate::bindings::v4l2_event_subscription;
+
+bitflags! {
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct SubscribeEventFlags: u32 {
+        const SEND_INITIAL = bindings::V4L2_EVENT_SUB_FL_SEND_INITIAL;
+        const ALLOW_FEEDBACK = bindings::V4L2_EVENT_SUB_FL_ALLOW_FEEDBACK;
+    }
+
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum EventType {
+    VSync,
+    Eos,
+    Ctrl(u32),
+    FrameSync,
+    SourceChange(u32),
+    MotionDet,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum EventConversionError {
+    #[error("unrecognized event {0}")]
+    UnrecognizedEvent(u32),
+    #[error("unrecognized source change {0}")]
+    UnrecognizedSourceChange(u32),
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&v4l2_event_subscription> for EventType {
+    type Error = EventConversionError;
+
+    fn try_from(event: &v4l2_event_subscription) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(match event.type_ {
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_VSYNC => EventType::VSync,
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_EOS => EventType::Eos,
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_CTRL => EventType::Ctrl(event.id),
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_FRAME_SYNC => EventType::FrameSync,
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE => EventType::SourceChange(event.id),
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_MOTION_DET => EventType::MotionDet,
+            e => return Err(EventConversionError::UnrecognizedEvent(e)),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    pub struct SrcChanges: u32 {
+        const RESOLUTION = bindings::V4L2_EVENT_SRC_CH_RESOLUTION;
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Event {
+    SrcChangeEvent(SrcChanges),
+    Eos,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<v4l2_event> for Event {
+    type Error = EventConversionError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: v4l2_event) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(match value.type_ {
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_VSYNC => todo!(),
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_EOS => Event::Eos,
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_CTRL => todo!(),
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_FRAME_SYNC => todo!(),
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE => {
+                let changes = unsafe { value.u.src_change.changes };
+                Event::SrcChangeEvent(
+                    SrcChanges::from_bits(changes)
+                        .ok_or(EventConversionError::UnrecognizedSourceChange(changes))?,
+                )
+            }
+            bindings::V4L2_EVENT_MOTION_DET => todo!(),
+            t => return Err(EventConversionError::UnrecognizedEvent(t)),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn build_v4l2_event_subscription(
+    event: EventType,
+    flags: SubscribeEventFlags,
+) -> v4l2_event_subscription {
+    v4l2_event_subscription {
+        type_: match event {
+            EventType::VSync => bindings::V4L2_EVENT_VSYNC,
+            EventType::Eos => bindings::V4L2_EVENT_EOS,
+            EventType::Ctrl(_) => bindings::V4L2_EVENT_CTRL,
+            EventType::FrameSync => bindings::V4L2_EVENT_FRAME_SYNC,
+            EventType::SourceChange(_) => bindings::V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE,
+            EventType::MotionDet => bindings::V4L2_EVENT_MOTION_DET,
+        },
+        id: match event {
+            EventType::Ctrl(id) => id,
+            EventType::SourceChange(id) => id,
+            _ => 0,
+        },
+        flags: flags.bits(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+mod ioctl {
+    use crate::bindings::{v4l2_event, v4l2_event_subscription};
+
+    nix::ioctl_read!(vidioc_dqevent, b'V', 89, v4l2_event);
+    nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(vidioc_subscribe_event, b'V', 90, v4l2_event_subscription);
+    nix::ioctl_write_ptr!(vidioc_unsubscribe_event, b'V', 91, v4l2_event_subscription);
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum SubscribeEventError {
+    #[error("ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(#[from] Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<SubscribeEventError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: SubscribeEventError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            SubscribeEventError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT` ioctl.
+pub fn subscribe_event(
+    fd: &impl AsRawFd,
+    event: EventType,
+    flags: SubscribeEventFlags,
+) -> Result<(), SubscribeEventError> {
+    let subscription = build_v4l2_event_subscription(event, flags);
+
+    unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_subscribe_event(fd.as_raw_fd(), &subscription) }?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT` ioctl.
+pub fn unsubscribe_event(fd: &impl AsRawFd, event: EventType) -> Result<(), SubscribeEventError> {
+    let subscription = build_v4l2_event_subscription(event, SubscribeEventFlags::empty());
+
+    unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_unsubscribe_event(fd.as_raw_fd(), &subscription) }?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Safe wrapper around the `VIDIOC_UNSUBSCRIBE_EVENT` ioctl to unsubscribe from all events.
+pub fn unsubscribe_all_events(fd: &impl AsRawFd) -> Result<(), SubscribeEventError> {
+    let subscription = v4l2_event_subscription {
+        type_: bindings::V4L2_EVENT_ALL,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_unsubscribe_event(fd.as_raw_fd(), &subscription) }?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum DqEventError {
+    #[error("no event ready for dequeue")]
+    NotReady,
+    #[error("error while converting event")]
+    EventConversionError,
+    #[error("unexpected ioctl error: {0}")]
+    IoctlError(Errno),
+}
+
+impl From<Errno> for DqEventError {
+    fn from(error: Errno) -> Self {
+        match error {
+            Errno::ENOENT => Self::NotReady,
+            error => Self::IoctlError(error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<DqEventError> for Errno {
+    fn from(err: DqEventError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            DqEventError::NotReady => Errno::ENOENT,
+            DqEventError::EventConversionError => Errno::EINVAL,
+            DqEventError::IoctlError(e) => e,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn dqevent<O: TryFrom<v4l2_event>>(fd: &impl AsRawFd) -> Result<O, DqEventError> {
+    let mut event: v4l2_event = Default::default();
+
+    match unsafe { ioctl::vidioc_dqevent(fd.as_raw_fd(), &mut event) } {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(event
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| DqEventError::EventConversionError)?),
+        Err(Errno::ENOENT) => Err(DqEventError::NotReady),
+        Err(e) => Err(DqEventError::IoctlError(e)),
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+//! This library provides the V4L2 pieces One-KVM needs for video capture:
+//!
+//! * The `ioctl` module provides direct, thin wrappers over the V4L2 ioctls
+//!   with added safety. Note that "safety" here is in terms of memory safety:
+//!   this layer won't guard against passing invalid data that the ioctls will
+//!   reject - it just makes sure that data passed from and to the kernel can
+//!   be accessed safely. Since this is a 1:1 mapping over the V4L2 ioctls,
+//!   working at this level is a bit laborious, although more comfortable than
+//!   doing the same in C.
+//!
+//! The upstream v4l2r crate also contains high-level decoder/encoder and C FFI
+//! layers. This vendored copy intentionally excludes those pieces and keeps the
+//! capture-oriented ioctl/memory surface only.
+//!
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod bindings;
+pub mod ioctl;
+pub mod memory;
+
+// This can be needed to match nix errors that we expose.
+pub use nix;
+
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
+
+use enumn::N;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+// The goal of this library is to provide two layers of abstraction:
+// ioctl: direct, safe counterparts of the V4L2 ioctls.
+// device/queue/buffer: higher abstraction, still mapping to core V4L2 mechanics.
+
+/// Possible directions for the queue
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum QueueDirection {
+    Output,
+    Capture,
+}
+
+/// Possible classes for this queue.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum QueueClass {
+    Video,
+    Vbi,
+    SlicedVbi,
+    VideoOverlay,
+    VideoMplane,
+    Sdr,
+    Meta,
+}
+
+/// Types of queues currently supported by this library.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, N)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum QueueType {
+    VideoCapture = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
+    VideoOutput = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT,
+    VideoOverlay = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY,
+    VbiCapture = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_CAPTURE,
+    VbiOutput = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_OUTPUT,
+    SlicedVbiCapture = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE,
+    SlicedVbiOutput = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT,
+    VideoOutputOverlay = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY,
+    VideoCaptureMplane = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE,
+    VideoOutputMplane = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE,
+    SdrCapture = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_CAPTURE,
+    SdrOutput = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SDR_OUTPUT,
+    MetaCapture = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_META_CAPTURE,
+    MetaOutput = bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_META_OUTPUT,
+}
+
+impl QueueType {
+    /// Returns the queue corresponding to the passed `direction` and `class`.
+    pub fn from_dir_and_class(direction: QueueDirection, class: QueueClass) -> Self {
+        match (direction, class) {
+            (QueueDirection::Capture, QueueClass::Video) => Self::VideoCapture,
+            (QueueDirection::Output, QueueClass::Video) => Self::VideoOutput,
+            (QueueDirection::Capture, QueueClass::VideoOverlay) => Self::VideoOverlay,
+            (QueueDirection::Output, QueueClass::VideoOverlay) => Self::VideoOutputOverlay,
+            (QueueDirection::Capture, QueueClass::Vbi) => Self::VbiCapture,
+            (QueueDirection::Output, QueueClass::Vbi) => Self::VbiOutput,
+            (QueueDirection::Capture, QueueClass::SlicedVbi) => Self::SlicedVbiCapture,
+            (QueueDirection::Output, QueueClass::SlicedVbi) => Self::SlicedVbiOutput,
+            (QueueDirection::Capture, QueueClass::VideoMplane) => Self::VideoCaptureMplane,
+            (QueueDirection::Output, QueueClass::VideoMplane) => Self::VideoOutputMplane,
+            (QueueDirection::Capture, QueueClass::Sdr) => Self::SdrCapture,
+            (QueueDirection::Output, QueueClass::Sdr) => Self::SdrOutput,
+            (QueueDirection::Capture, QueueClass::Meta) => Self::MetaCapture,
+            (QueueDirection::Output, QueueClass::Meta) => Self::MetaOutput,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns whether the queue type is multiplanar.
+    pub fn is_multiplanar(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            QueueType::VideoCaptureMplane | QueueType::VideoOutputMplane
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the direction of the queue type (Output or Capture).
+    pub fn direction(&self) -> QueueDirection {
+        match self {
+            QueueType::VideoOutput
+            | QueueType::VideoOutputMplane
+            | QueueType::VideoOverlay
+            | QueueType::VideoOutputOverlay
+            | QueueType::VbiOutput
+            | QueueType::SlicedVbiOutput
+            | QueueType::SdrOutput
+            | QueueType::MetaOutput => QueueDirection::Output,
+
+            QueueType::VideoCapture
+            | QueueType::VbiCapture
+            | QueueType::SlicedVbiCapture
+            | QueueType::VideoCaptureMplane
+            | QueueType::SdrCapture
+            | QueueType::MetaCapture => QueueDirection::Capture,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn class(&self) -> QueueClass {
+        match self {
+            QueueType::VideoCapture | QueueType::VideoOutput => QueueClass::Video,
+            QueueType::VideoOverlay | QueueType::VideoOutputOverlay => QueueClass::VideoOverlay,
+            QueueType::VbiCapture | QueueType::VbiOutput => QueueClass::Vbi,
+            QueueType::SlicedVbiCapture | QueueType::SlicedVbiOutput => QueueClass::SlicedVbi,
+            QueueType::VideoCaptureMplane | QueueType::VideoOutputMplane => QueueClass::VideoMplane,
+            QueueType::SdrCapture | QueueType::SdrOutput => QueueClass::Sdr,
+            QueueType::MetaCapture | QueueType::MetaOutput => QueueClass::Meta,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for QueueType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        Debug::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Fourcc pixel format, used to pass formats to V4L2. It can be converted
+/// back and forth from a 32-bit integer, or a 4-bytes string.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
+pub struct PixelFormat(u32);
+
+impl PixelFormat {
+    pub const fn from_u32(v: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(v)
+    }
+
+    pub const fn to_u32(self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    pub const fn from_fourcc(n: &[u8; 4]) -> Self {
+        Self(n[0] as u32 | (n[1] as u32) << 8 | (n[2] as u32) << 16 | (n[3] as u32) << 24)
+    }
+
+    pub const fn to_fourcc(self) -> [u8; 4] {
+        self.0.to_le_bytes()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts a Fourcc in 32-bit integer format (like the ones passed in V4L2
+/// structures) into the matching pixel format.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use v4l2r::PixelFormat;
+/// // Fourcc representation of NV12.
+/// let nv12 = u32::from_le(0x3231564e);
+/// let f = PixelFormat::from(nv12);
+/// assert_eq!(u32::from(f), nv12);
+/// ```
+impl From<u32> for PixelFormat {
+    fn from(i: u32) -> Self {
+        Self::from_u32(i)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts a pixel format back to its 32-bit representation.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use v4l2r::PixelFormat;
+/// // Fourcc representation of NV12.
+/// let nv12 = u32::from_le(0x3231564e);
+/// let f = PixelFormat::from(nv12);
+/// assert_eq!(u32::from(f), nv12);
+/// ```
+impl From<PixelFormat> for u32 {
+    fn from(format: PixelFormat) -> Self {
+        format.to_u32()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Simple way to convert a string litteral (e.g. b"NV12") into a pixel
+/// format that can be passed to V4L2.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use v4l2r::PixelFormat;
+/// let nv12 = b"NV12";
+/// let f = PixelFormat::from(nv12);
+/// assert_eq!(&<[u8; 4]>::from(f), nv12);
+/// ```
+impl From<&[u8; 4]> for PixelFormat {
+    fn from(n: &[u8; 4]) -> Self {
+        Self::from_fourcc(n)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Convert a pixel format back to its 4-character representation.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use v4l2r::PixelFormat;
+/// let nv12 = b"NV12";
+/// let f = PixelFormat::from(nv12);
+/// assert_eq!(&<[u8; 4]>::from(f), nv12);
+/// ```
+impl From<PixelFormat> for [u8; 4] {
+    fn from(format: PixelFormat) -> Self {
+        format.to_fourcc()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Produces a debug string for this PixelFormat, including its hexadecimal
+/// and string representation.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use v4l2r::PixelFormat;
+/// // Fourcc representation of NV12.
+/// let nv12 = u32::from_le(0x3231564e);
+/// let f = PixelFormat::from(nv12);
+/// assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", f), "0x3231564e (NV12)");
+/// ```
+impl fmt::Debug for PixelFormat {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_fmt(format_args!("0x{:08x} ({})", self.0, self))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Produces a displayable form of this PixelFormat.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use v4l2r::PixelFormat;
+/// // Fourcc representation of NV12.
+/// let nv12 = u32::from_le(0x3231564e);
+/// let f = PixelFormat::from(nv12);
+/// assert_eq!(f.to_string(), "NV12");
+/// ```
+impl fmt::Display for PixelFormat {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let fourcc = self
+            .0
+            .to_le_bytes()
+            .iter()
+            .map(|&x| x as char)
+            .collect::<String>();
+        f.write_str(fourcc.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Description of a single plane in a format.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct PlaneLayout {
+    /// Useful size of the plane ; the backing memory must be at least that large.
+    pub sizeimage: u32,
+    /// Bytes per line of data. Only meaningful for image formats.
+    pub bytesperline: u32,
+}
+
+/// Unified representation of a V4L2 format capable of handling both single
+/// and multi-planar formats. When the single-planar API is used, only
+/// one plane shall be used - attempts to have more will be rejected by the
+/// ioctl wrappers.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct Format {
+    /// Width of the image in pixels.
+    pub width: u32,
+    /// Height of the image in pixels.
+    pub height: u32,
+    /// Format each pixel is encoded in.
+    pub pixelformat: PixelFormat,
+    /// Individual layout of each plane in this format. The exact number of planes
+    /// is defined by `pixelformat`.
+    pub plane_fmt: Vec<PlaneLayout>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error, PartialEq)]
+pub enum FormatConversionError {
+    #[error("too many planes ({0}) specified,")]
+    TooManyPlanes(usize),
+    #[error("invalid buffer type requested")]
+    InvalidBufferType(u32),
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<bindings::v4l2_format> for Format {
+    type Error = FormatConversionError;
+
+    fn try_from(fmt: bindings::v4l2_format) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match fmt.type_ {
+            bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
+            | bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT => {
+                let pix = unsafe { &fmt.fmt.pix };
+                Ok(Format {
+                    width: pix.width,
+                    height: pix.height,
+                    pixelformat: PixelFormat::from(pix.pixelformat),
+                    plane_fmt: vec![PlaneLayout {
+                        bytesperline: pix.bytesperline,
+                        sizeimage: pix.sizeimage,
+                    }],
+                })
+            }
+            bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE
+            | bindings::v4l2_buf_type_V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_MPLANE => {
+                let pix_mp = unsafe { &fmt.fmt.pix_mp };
+
+                // Can only happen if we passed a malformed v4l2_format.
+                if pix_mp.num_planes as usize > pix_mp.plane_fmt.len() {
+                    return Err(Self::Error::TooManyPlanes(pix_mp.num_planes as usize));
+                }
+
+                let mut plane_fmt = Vec::new();
+                for i in 0..pix_mp.num_planes as usize {
+                    let plane = &pix_mp.plane_fmt[i];
+                    plane_fmt.push(PlaneLayout {
+                        sizeimage: plane.sizeimage,
+                        bytesperline: plane.bytesperline,
+                    });
+                }
+
+                Ok(Format {
+                    width: pix_mp.width,
+                    height: pix_mp.height,
+                    pixelformat: PixelFormat::from(pix_mp.pixelformat),
+                    plane_fmt,
+                })
+            }
+            t => Err(Self::Error::InvalidBufferType(t)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Quickly build a usable `Format` from a pixel format and resolution.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use v4l2r::Format;
+/// let f = Format::from((b"NV12", (640, 480)));
+/// assert_eq!(f.width, 640);
+/// assert_eq!(f.height, 480);
+/// assert_eq!(f.pixelformat.to_string(), "NV12");
+/// assert_eq!(f.plane_fmt.len(), 0);
+/// ```
+impl<T: Into<PixelFormat>> From<(T, (usize, usize))> for Format {
+    fn from((pixel_format, (width, height)): (T, (usize, usize))) -> Self {
+        Format {
+            width: width as u32,
+            height: height as u32,
+            pixelformat: pixel_format.into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A more elegant representation for `v4l2_rect`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Rect {
+    pub left: i32,
+    pub top: i32,
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+}
+
+impl Rect {
+    pub fn new(left: i32, top: i32, width: u32, height: u32) -> Rect {
+        Rect {
+            left,
+            top,
+            width,
+            height,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bindings::v4l2_rect> for Rect {
+    fn from(rect: bindings::v4l2_rect) -> Self {
+        Rect {
+            left: rect.left,
+            top: rect.top,
+            width: rect.width,
+            height: rect.height,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bindings::v4l2_selection> for Rect {
+    fn from(selection: bindings::v4l2_selection) -> Self {
+        Self::from(selection.r)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Rect> for bindings::v4l2_rect {
+    fn from(rect: Rect) -> Self {
+        bindings::v4l2_rect {
+            left: rect.left,
+            top: rect.top,
+            width: rect.width,
+            height: rect.height,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Rect {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "({}, {}), {}x{}",
+            self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Equivalent of `enum v4l2_colorspace`.
+#[repr(u32)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, N)]
+pub enum Colorspace {
+    #[default]
+    Default = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_DEFAULT,
+    Smpte170M = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE170M,
+    Smpte240M = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE240M,
+    Rec709 = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_REC709,
+    Bt878 = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT878,
+    SystemM470 = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_M,
+    SystemBG470 = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_BG,
+    Jpeg = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG,
+    Srgb = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB,
+    OpRgb = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_OPRGB,
+    Bt2020 = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT2020,
+    Raw = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_RAW,
+    DciP3 = bindings::v4l2_colorspace_V4L2_COLORSPACE_DCI_P3,
+}
+
+/// Equivalent of `enum v4l2_xfer_func`.
+#[repr(u32)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, N)]
+pub enum XferFunc {
+    #[default]
+    Default = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_DEFAULT,
+    F709 = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709,
+    Srgb = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SRGB,
+    OpRgb = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_OPRGB,
+    Smpte240M = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SMPTE240M,
+    None = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_NONE,
+    DciP3 = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_DCI_P3,
+    Smpte2084 = bindings::v4l2_xfer_func_V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SMPTE2084,
+}
+
+/// Equivalent of `enum v4l2_ycbcr_encoding`.
+#[repr(u32)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, N)]
+pub enum YCbCrEncoding {
+    #[default]
+    Default = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_DEFAULT,
+    E601 = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601,
+    E709 = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709,
+    Xv601 = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601,
+    Xv709 = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV709,
+    Sycc = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SYCC,
+    Bt2020 = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020,
+    Bt2020ConstLum = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020_CONST_LUM,
+    Smpte240M = bindings::v4l2_ycbcr_encoding_V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SMPTE240M,
+}
+
+/// Equivalent of `enum v4l2_quantization`.
+#[repr(u32)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, N)]
+pub enum Quantization {
+    #[default]
+    Default = bindings::v4l2_quantization_V4L2_QUANTIZATION_DEFAULT,
+    FullRange = bindings::v4l2_quantization_V4L2_QUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE,
+    LimRange = bindings::v4l2_quantization_V4L2_QUANTIZATION_LIM_RANGE,
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+//! Abstracts the different kinds of backing memory (`MMAP`, `USERPTR`,
+//! `DMABUF`) supported by V4L2.
+//!
+//! V4L2 allows to use either memory that is provided by the device itself
+//! (MMAP) or memory imported via user allocation (USERPTR) or the dma-buf
+//! subsystem (DMABUF). This results in 2 very different behaviors and 3 memory
+//! types that we need to model.
+//!
+//! The `Memory` trait represents these memory types and is thus implemented
+//! by exacly 3 types: `MMAP`, `UserPtr`, and `DMABuf`. These types do very
+//! little apart from providing a constant with the corresponding V4L2 memory
+//! type they model, and implement the `SelfBacked` (for MMAP) or `Imported`
+//! (for `UserPtr` and `DMABuf`) traits to indicate where their memory comes
+//! from.
+//!
+//! The `PlaneHandle` trait is used by types which can bind to one of these
+//! memory types, i.e. a type that can represent a single memory plane of a
+//! buffer. For `MMAP` memory this is a void type (since `MMAP` provides its
+//! own memory). `UserPtr`, a `Vec<u8>` can adequately be used as backing
+//! memory, and for `DMABuf` we will use a file descriptor. For handles that
+//! can be mapped into the user address-space (and indeed for `MMAP` this is
+//! the only way to access the memory), the `Mappable` trait can be implemented.
+//!
+//! The set of handles that make all the planes for a given buffer is
+//! represented by the `BufferHandles` trait. This trait is more abstract since
+//! we may want to decide at runtime the kind of memory we want to use ;
+//! therefore this trait does not have any particular kind of memory attached to
+//! it. `PrimitiveBufferHandles` is used to represent plane handles which memory
+//! type is known at compilation time, and thus includes a reference to a
+//! `PlaneHandle` type and by transition its `Memory` type.
+mod dmabuf;
+mod mmap;
+mod userptr;
+
+pub use dmabuf::*;
+pub use mmap::*;
+pub use userptr::*;
+
+use crate::{
+    bindings::{self, v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1, v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1},
+    ioctl::{PlaneMapping, QueryBufPlane},
+};
+use enumn::N;
+use std::os::unix::io::AsFd;
+use std::{fmt::Debug, ops::Deref};
+
+/// All the supported V4L2 memory types.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, N)]
+#[repr(u32)]
+pub enum MemoryType {
+    Mmap = bindings::v4l2_memory_V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP,
+    UserPtr = bindings::v4l2_memory_V4L2_MEMORY_USERPTR,
+    Overlay = bindings::v4l2_memory_V4L2_MEMORY_OVERLAY,
+    DmaBuf = bindings::v4l2_memory_V4L2_MEMORY_DMABUF,
+}
+
+/// Trait describing a memory type that can be used to back V4L2 buffers.
+pub trait Memory: 'static {
+    /// The memory type represented.
+    const MEMORY_TYPE: MemoryType;
+    /// The final type of the memory backing information in `struct v4l2_buffer` or `struct
+    /// v4l2_plane`.
+    type RawBacking;
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the memory backing information for `m` that is relevant for this
+    /// memory type.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The caller must ensure that `m` indeed belongs to a buffer of this memory type.
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing(m: &bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1)
+        -> &Self::RawBacking;
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the memory backing information for `m` that is relevant for this memory type.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The caller must ensure that `m` indeed belongs to a buffer of this memory type.
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing(
+        m: &bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &Self::RawBacking;
+
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the memory backing information for `m` that is relevant for
+    /// this memory type.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The caller must ensure that `m` indeed belongs to a buffer of this memory type.
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking;
+
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the memory backing information for `m` that is relevant for
+    /// this memory type.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The caller must ensure that `m` indeed belongs to a buffer of this memory type.
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking;
+}
+
+/// Trait for memory types that provide their own memory, i.e. MMAP.
+pub trait SelfBacked: Memory + Default {}
+
+/// Trait for memory types to which external memory must be attached to, i.e. UserPtr and
+/// DMABuf.
+pub trait Imported: Memory {}
+
+/// Trait for a handle that represents actual data for a single place. A buffer
+/// will have as many of these as it has planes.
+pub trait PlaneHandle: Debug + Send + 'static {
+    /// The kind of memory the handle attaches to.
+    type Memory: Memory;
+
+    /// Fill a plane of a multi-planar V4L2 buffer with the handle's information.
+    fn fill_v4l2_plane(&self, plane: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane);
+}
+
+// Trait for plane handles that provide access to their content through a map()
+// method (typically, MMAP buffers).
+pub trait Mappable: PlaneHandle {
+    /// Return a `PlaneMapping` enabling access to the memory of this handle.
+    fn map<D: AsFd>(device: &D, plane_info: &QueryBufPlane) -> Option<PlaneMapping>;
+}
+
+/// Trait for structures providing all the handles of a single buffer.
+pub trait BufferHandles: Send + Debug + 'static {
+    /// Enumeration of all the `MemoryType` supported by this type. Typically
+    /// a subset of `MemoryType` or `MemoryType` itself.
+    type SupportedMemoryType: Into<MemoryType> + Send + Clone + Copy;
+
+    /// Number of planes.
+    fn len(&self) -> usize;
+    /// Fill a plane of a multi-planar V4L2 buffer with the `index` handle's information.
+    fn fill_v4l2_plane(&self, index: usize, plane: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane);
+
+    /// Returns true if there are no handles here (unlikely).
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len() == 0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Implementation of `BufferHandles` for all indexables of `PlaneHandle` (e.g. [`std::vec::Vec`]).
+///
+/// This is The simplest way to use primitive handles.
+impl<P, Q> BufferHandles for Q
+where
+    P: PlaneHandle,
+    Q: Send + Debug + 'static + Deref<Target = [P]>,
+{
+    type SupportedMemoryType = MemoryType;
+
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.deref().len()
+    }
+
+    fn fill_v4l2_plane(&self, index: usize, plane: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane) {
+        self.deref()[index].fill_v4l2_plane(plane);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait for plane handles for which the final memory type is known at compile
+/// time.
+pub trait PrimitiveBufferHandles: BufferHandles {
+    type HandleType: PlaneHandle;
+    const MEMORY_TYPE: Self::SupportedMemoryType;
+}
+
+/// Implementation of `PrimitiveBufferHandles` for all indexables of `PlaneHandle` (e.g.
+/// [`std::vec::Vec`]).
+impl<P, Q> PrimitiveBufferHandles for Q
+where
+    P: PlaneHandle,
+    Q: Send + Debug + 'static + Deref<Target = [P]>,
+{
+    type HandleType = P;
+    const MEMORY_TYPE: Self::SupportedMemoryType = P::Memory::MEMORY_TYPE;
+}
+
+/// Conversion from `v4l2_buffer`'s backing information to `v4l2_plane`'s.
+impl From<(&v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1, MemoryType)> for v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1 {
+    fn from((m, memory): (&v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1, MemoryType)) -> Self {
+        match memory {
+            MemoryType::Mmap => v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                // Safe because the buffer type is determined to be MMAP.
+                mem_offset: unsafe { m.offset },
+            },
+            MemoryType::UserPtr => v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                // Safe because the buffer type is determined to be USERPTR.
+                userptr: unsafe { m.userptr },
+            },
+            MemoryType::DmaBuf => v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                // Safe because the buffer type is determined to be DMABUF.
+                fd: unsafe { m.fd },
+            },
+            MemoryType::Overlay => Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Conversion from `v4l2_plane`'s backing information to `v4l2_buffer`'s.
+impl From<(&v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1, MemoryType)> for v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1 {
+    fn from((m, memory): (&v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1, MemoryType)) -> Self {
+        match memory {
+            MemoryType::Mmap => v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                // Safe because the buffer type is determined to be MMAP.
+                offset: unsafe { m.mem_offset },
+            },
+            MemoryType::UserPtr => v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                // Safe because the buffer type is determined to be USERPTR.
+                userptr: unsafe { m.userptr },
+            },
+            MemoryType::DmaBuf => v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1 {
+                // Safe because the buffer type is determined to be DMABUF.
+                fd: unsafe { m.fd },
+            },
+            MemoryType::Overlay => Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1;
+    use crate::bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1;
+    use crate::memory::MemoryType;
+
+    #[test]
+    // Purpose of this test is dubious as the members are overlapping anyway.
+    fn plane_m_to_buffer_m() {
+        let plane_m = v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1 {
+            mem_offset: 0xfeedc0fe,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            unsafe { v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1::from((&plane_m, MemoryType::Mmap)).offset },
+            0xfeedc0fe
+        );
+
+        let plane_m = v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1 {
+            userptr: 0xfeedc0fe,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            unsafe { v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1::from((&plane_m, MemoryType::UserPtr)).userptr },
+            0xfeedc0fe
+        );
+
+        let plane_m = v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1 { fd: 0x76543210 };
+        assert_eq!(
+            unsafe { v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1::from((&plane_m, MemoryType::DmaBuf)).fd },
+            0x76543210
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    // Purpose of this test is dubious as the members are overlapping anyway.
+    fn buffer_m_to_plane_m() {
+        let buffer_m = v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1 { offset: 0xfeedc0fe };
+        assert_eq!(
+            unsafe { v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1::from((&buffer_m, MemoryType::Mmap)).mem_offset },
+            0xfeedc0fe
+        );
+
+        let buffer_m = v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1 {
+            userptr: 0xfeedc0fe,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            unsafe { v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1::from((&buffer_m, MemoryType::UserPtr)).userptr },
+            0xfeedc0fe
+        );
+
+        let buffer_m = v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1 { fd: 0x76543210 };
+        assert_eq!(
+            unsafe { v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1::from((&buffer_m, MemoryType::DmaBuf)).fd },
+            0x76543210
+        );
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/memory/dmabuf.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//! Operations specific to DMABuf-type buffers.
+use log::warn;
+
+use super::*;
+use crate::{bindings, ioctl};
+use std::os::fd::RawFd;
+use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd};
+
+pub struct DmaBuf;
+
+pub type DmaBufferHandles<T> = Vec<DmaBufHandle<T>>;
+
+impl Memory for DmaBuf {
+    const MEMORY_TYPE: MemoryType = MemoryType::DmaBuf;
+    type RawBacking = RawFd;
+
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing(
+        m: &bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &Self::RawBacking {
+        &m.fd
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing(
+        m: &bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &Self::RawBacking {
+        &m.fd
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking {
+        &mut m.fd
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking {
+        &mut m.fd
+    }
+}
+
+impl Imported for DmaBuf {}
+
+pub trait DmaBufSource: AsRawFd + AsFd + Debug + Send {
+    fn len(&self) -> u64;
+
+    /// Make Clippy happy.
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len() == 0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DmaBufSource for std::fs::File {
+    fn len(&self) -> u64 {
+        match self.metadata() {
+            Err(_) => {
+                warn!("Failed to compute File size for use as DMABuf, using 0...");
+                0
+            }
+            Ok(m) => m.len(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Handle for a DMABUF plane. Any type that can provide a file descriptor is
+/// valid.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DmaBufHandle<T: DmaBufSource>(pub T);
+
+impl<T: DmaBufSource> From<T> for DmaBufHandle<T> {
+    fn from(dmabuf: T) -> Self {
+        DmaBufHandle(dmabuf)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: DmaBufSource + 'static> PlaneHandle for DmaBufHandle<T> {
+    type Memory = DmaBuf;
+
+    fn fill_v4l2_plane(&self, plane: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane) {
+        plane.m.fd = self.0.as_raw_fd();
+        plane.length = self.0.len() as u32;
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: DmaBufSource> DmaBufHandle<T> {
+    pub fn map(&self) -> Result<PlaneMapping, ioctl::MmapError> {
+        let len = self.0.len();
+
+        ioctl::mmap(&self.0, 0, len as u32)
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/memory/mmap.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//! Operations specific to MMAP-type buffers.
+use super::*;
+use crate::{bindings, ioctl};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::os::fd::AsFd;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Mmap;
+
+impl Memory for Mmap {
+    const MEMORY_TYPE: MemoryType = MemoryType::Mmap;
+    type RawBacking = u32;
+
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing(
+        m: &bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &Self::RawBacking {
+        &m.mem_offset
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing(
+        m: &bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &Self::RawBacking {
+        &m.offset
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking {
+        &mut m.mem_offset
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking {
+        &mut m.offset
+    }
+}
+
+impl SelfBacked for Mmap {}
+
+/// Dummy handle for a MMAP plane, to use with APIs that require handles. MMAP
+/// buffers are backed by the device, and thus we don't need to attach any extra
+/// information to them.
+#[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct MmapHandle;
+
+// There is no information to fill with MMAP buffers ; the index is enough.
+impl PlaneHandle for MmapHandle {
+    type Memory = Mmap;
+
+    fn fill_v4l2_plane(&self, _plane: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane) {}
+}
+
+impl Mappable for MmapHandle {
+    fn map<D: AsFd>(device: &D, plane_info: &QueryBufPlane) -> Option<PlaneMapping> {
+        ioctl::mmap(device, plane_info.mem_offset, plane_info.length).ok()
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/src/memory/userptr.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//! Operations specific to UserPtr-type buffers.
+
+use super::*;
+use crate::bindings;
+
+pub struct UserPtr;
+
+impl Memory for UserPtr {
+    const MEMORY_TYPE: MemoryType = MemoryType::UserPtr;
+    type RawBacking = core::ffi::c_ulong;
+
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing(
+        m: &bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &Self::RawBacking {
+        &m.userptr
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing(
+        m: &bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &Self::RawBacking {
+        &m.userptr
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_plane_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking {
+        &mut m.userptr
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn get_single_planar_buffer_backing_mut(
+        m: &mut bindings::v4l2_buffer__bindgen_ty_1,
+    ) -> &mut Self::RawBacking {
+        &mut m.userptr
+    }
+}
+
+impl Imported for UserPtr {}
+
+/// Handle for a USERPTR plane. These buffers are backed by userspace-allocated
+/// memory, which translates well into Rust's slice of `u8`s. Since slices also
+/// carry size information, we know that we are not passing unallocated areas
+/// of the address-space to the kernel.
+///
+/// USERPTR buffers have the particularity that the `length` field of `struct
+/// v4l2_buffer` must be set before doing a `QBUF` ioctl. This handle struct
+/// also takes care of that.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct UserPtrHandle<T: AsRef<[u8]> + Debug + Send + 'static>(pub T);
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]> + Debug + Send + Clone> Clone for UserPtrHandle<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        UserPtrHandle(self.0.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]> + Debug + Send + 'static> AsRef<[u8]> for UserPtrHandle<T> {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        self.0.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]> + Debug + Send> From<T> for UserPtrHandle<T> {
+    fn from(buffer: T) -> Self {
+        UserPtrHandle(buffer)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]> + Debug + Send + 'static> PlaneHandle for UserPtrHandle<T> {
+    type Memory = UserPtr;
+
+    fn fill_v4l2_plane(&self, plane: &mut bindings::v4l2_plane) {
+        let slice = AsRef::<[u8]>::as_ref(&self.0);
+
+        plane.m.userptr = slice.as_ptr() as std::os::raw::c_ulong;
+        plane.length = slice.len() as u32;
+    }
+}

libs/v4l2r/v4l2r_wrapper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+
+#define MARK_FIX_753(name) const unsigned long int Fix753_##name = name;
+#include "fix753.h"

libs/ventoy-img-rs/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@ license = "GPL-2.0"
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 
 # Error handling
-thiserror = "1"
-
-[dev-dependencies]
+thiserror = "2"
 tempfile = "3"
 
 [profile.release]

libs/ventoy-img-rs/src/exfat/format.rs

@@ -97,14 +97,14 @@ impl ExfatBootSector {
         let heap_sectors = volume_length as u32 - cluster_heap_offset;
         let cluster_count = heap_sectors / sectors_per_cluster;
 
-        // Calculate root directory cluster based on upcase table size
-        // Cluster 2: Bitmap (1 cluster)
-        // Cluster 3...: Upcase table (128KB, may span multiple clusters)
-        // Next available: Root directory
+        // Calculate root directory cluster based on bitmap and upcase table size.
         const UPCASE_TABLE_SIZE: u64 = 128 * 1024;
+        let bitmap_size = ((cluster_count + 7) / 8) as u64;
+        let bitmap_clusters =
+            ((bitmap_size + cluster_size as u64 - 1) / cluster_size as u64).max(1) as u32;
         let upcase_clusters =
             ((UPCASE_TABLE_SIZE + cluster_size as u64 - 1) / cluster_size as u64) as u32;
-        let first_cluster_of_root = 3 + upcase_clusters;
+        let first_cluster_of_root = 2 + bitmap_clusters + upcase_clusters;
 
         Self {
             jump_boot: [0xEB, 0x76, 0x90],
@@ -211,6 +211,15 @@ const ENTRY_TYPE_VOLUME_LABEL: u8 = 0x83;
 const ENTRY_TYPE_BITMAP: u8 = 0x81;
 const ENTRY_TYPE_UPCASE: u8 = 0x82;
 
+fn set_cluster_allocated(bitmap: &mut [u8], cluster: u32) {
+    let index = (cluster - 2) as usize;
+    let byte_idx = index / 8;
+    let bit_idx = index % 8;
+    if byte_idx < bitmap.len() {
+        bitmap[byte_idx] |= 1 << bit_idx;
+    }
+}
+
 /// Create volume label directory entry
 fn create_volume_label_entry(label: &str) -> [u8; 32] {
     let mut entry = [0u8; 32];
@@ -301,27 +310,42 @@ pub fn format_exfat<W: Write + Seek>(
     let fat_offset = partition_offset + boot_sector.fat_offset as u64 * 512;
     writer.seek(SeekFrom::Start(fat_offset))?;
 
+    let bitmap_size = (boot_sector.cluster_count + 7) / 8;
+    let bitmap_clusters =
+        ((bitmap_size as u64 + cluster_size as u64 - 1) / cluster_size as u64).max(1) as u32;
+
     // Calculate how many clusters the upcase table needs (128KB)
     const UPCASE_TABLE_SIZE: u64 = 128 * 1024;
     let upcase_clusters =
         ((UPCASE_TABLE_SIZE + cluster_size as u64 - 1) / cluster_size as u64) as u32;
-    let root_cluster = 3 + upcase_clusters; // Root comes after bitmap and upcase
+    let bitmap_start_cluster = 2;
+    let upcase_start_cluster = bitmap_start_cluster + bitmap_clusters;
+    let root_cluster = upcase_start_cluster + upcase_clusters;
 
     // FAT entries: cluster 0 and 1 are reserved
     // 0: Media type (0xFFFFFFF8)
     // 1: Reserved (0xFFFFFFFF)
-    // 2: Bitmap cluster (single cluster, end of chain)
-    // 3..3+upcase_clusters-1: Upcase table cluster chain
-    // 3+upcase_clusters: Root directory cluster (end of chain)
+    // 2..2+bitmap_clusters-1: Bitmap cluster chain
+    // upcase_start_cluster..upcase_start_cluster+upcase_clusters-1: Upcase table cluster chain
+    // root_cluster: Root directory cluster (end of chain)
     let mut fat_entries = vec![
         0xFFFFFFF8, // Media type
         0xFFFFFFFF, // Reserved
-        0xFFFFFFFF, // Bitmap (single cluster, end of chain)
     ];
 
+    // Build allocation bitmap cluster chain
+    for i in 0..bitmap_clusters {
+        let cluster_num = bitmap_start_cluster + i;
+        if i == bitmap_clusters - 1 {
+            fat_entries.push(0xFFFFFFFF);
+        } else {
+            fat_entries.push(cluster_num + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
     // Build upcase table cluster chain
     for i in 0..upcase_clusters {
-        let cluster_num = 3 + i;
+        let cluster_num = upcase_start_cluster + i;
         if i == upcase_clusters - 1 {
             // Last cluster in chain
             fat_entries.push(0xFFFFFFFF);
@@ -345,38 +369,26 @@ pub fn format_exfat<W: Write + Seek>(
     // Calculate cluster heap offset
     let heap_offset = partition_offset + boot_sector.cluster_heap_offset as u64 * 512;
 
-    // Cluster 2: Allocation Bitmap
-    let bitmap_size = (boot_sector.cluster_count + 7) / 8;
-    let _bitmap_clusters =
-        ((bitmap_size as u64 + cluster_size as u64 - 1) / cluster_size as u64).max(1);
-    let mut bitmap = vec![0u8; cluster_size as usize];
+    // Allocation Bitmap
+    let mut bitmap = vec![0u8; bitmap_clusters as usize * cluster_size as usize];
 
-    // Mark clusters 2, 3..3+upcase_clusters-1, root_cluster as used
-    // Cluster 2: bitmap
-    bitmap[0] |= 0b00000100; // Bit 2
-                             // Clusters 3..3+upcase_clusters-1: upcase table
+    // Mark bitmap, upcase, and root directory clusters as used.
+    // exFAT allocation bitmap bit 0 describes cluster 2.
+    for i in 0..bitmap_clusters {
+        set_cluster_allocated(&mut bitmap, bitmap_start_cluster + i);
+    }
     for i in 0..upcase_clusters {
-        let cluster = 3 + i;
-        let byte_idx = (cluster / 8) as usize;
-        let bit_idx = cluster % 8;
-        if byte_idx < bitmap.len() {
-            bitmap[byte_idx] |= 1 << bit_idx;
-        }
-    }
-    // Root directory cluster
-    let byte_idx = (root_cluster / 8) as usize;
-    let bit_idx = root_cluster % 8;
-    if byte_idx < bitmap.len() {
-        bitmap[byte_idx] |= 1 << bit_idx;
+        set_cluster_allocated(&mut bitmap, upcase_start_cluster + i);
     }
+    set_cluster_allocated(&mut bitmap, root_cluster);
 
     writer.seek(SeekFrom::Start(heap_offset))?;
     writer.write_all(&bitmap)?;
 
-    // Cluster 3..3+upcase_clusters-1: Upcase table
+    // Upcase table
     let upcase_data = generate_upcase_table();
     let upcase_checksum = calculate_upcase_checksum(&upcase_data);
-    let upcase_offset = heap_offset + cluster_size as u64; // Start at cluster 3
+    let upcase_offset = heap_offset + bitmap_clusters as u64 * cluster_size as u64;
     writer.seek(SeekFrom::Start(upcase_offset))?;
     writer.write_all(&upcase_data)?;
 
@@ -388,13 +400,18 @@ pub fn format_exfat<W: Write + Seek>(
     }
 
     // Root directory cluster
-    let root_offset = heap_offset + (1 + upcase_clusters as u64) * cluster_size as u64;
+    let root_offset =
+        heap_offset + (bitmap_clusters as u64 + upcase_clusters as u64) * cluster_size as u64;
     writer.seek(SeekFrom::Start(root_offset))?;
 
     // Write directory entries
     let volume_label_entry = create_volume_label_entry(label);
-    let bitmap_entry = create_bitmap_entry(2, bitmap_size as u64);
-    let upcase_entry = create_upcase_entry(3, upcase_data.len() as u64, upcase_checksum);
+    let bitmap_entry = create_bitmap_entry(bitmap_start_cluster, bitmap_size as u64);
+    let upcase_entry = create_upcase_entry(
+        upcase_start_cluster,
+        upcase_data.len() as u64,
+        upcase_checksum,
+    );
 
     writer.write_all(&volume_label_entry)?;
     writer.write_all(&bitmap_entry)?;
@@ -413,6 +430,9 @@ pub fn format_exfat<W: Write + Seek>(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::partition::PartitionLayout;
+    use std::io::Read;
+    use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_cluster_size() {
@@ -428,4 +448,120 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(get_cluster_size(8 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 / 512), 131072); // 8GB → 128KB
         assert_eq!(get_cluster_size(16 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 / 512), 131072); // 16GB → 128KB
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_format_bitmap_uses_cluster_heap_bit_indices() {
+        let temp_file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+        let path = temp_file.path();
+        let size = 64 * 1024 * 1024u64;
+        let layout = PartitionLayout::calculate(size).unwrap();
+
+        let mut file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .open(path)
+            .unwrap();
+        file.set_len(size).unwrap();
+        format_exfat(&mut file, layout.data_offset(), layout.data_size(), "TEST").unwrap();
+
+        let mut boot_sector = [0u8; 512];
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(layout.data_offset())).unwrap();
+        file.read_exact(&mut boot_sector).unwrap();
+        let cluster_heap_offset = u32::from_le_bytes(boot_sector[88..92].try_into().unwrap());
+        let first_cluster_of_root = u32::from_le_bytes(boot_sector[96..100].try_into().unwrap());
+        let sectors_per_cluster = 1u64 << boot_sector[109];
+        let cluster_size = sectors_per_cluster * 512;
+
+        let bitmap_offset = layout.data_offset() + cluster_heap_offset as u64 * 512;
+        let mut bitmap = vec![0u8; cluster_size as usize];
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(bitmap_offset)).unwrap();
+        file.read_exact(&mut bitmap).unwrap();
+
+        let is_allocated = |cluster: u32| {
+            let index = (cluster - 2) as usize;
+            (bitmap[index / 8] & (1 << (index % 8))) != 0
+        };
+
+        assert!(
+            is_allocated(2),
+            "allocation bitmap cluster must be allocated"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            is_allocated(3),
+            "upcase table first cluster must be allocated"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            is_allocated(first_cluster_of_root),
+            "root directory cluster must be allocated"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !is_allocated(first_cluster_of_root + 1),
+            "first data cluster after root should be free after formatting"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_format_supports_multi_cluster_allocation_bitmap() {
+        let temp_file = NamedTempFile::new().unwrap();
+        let path = temp_file.path();
+        let size = 240 * 1024 * 1024u64;
+        let layout = PartitionLayout::calculate(size).unwrap();
+
+        let mut file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .open(path)
+            .unwrap();
+        file.set_len(size).unwrap();
+        format_exfat(&mut file, layout.data_offset(), layout.data_size(), "TEST").unwrap();
+
+        let mut boot_sector = [0u8; 512];
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(layout.data_offset())).unwrap();
+        file.read_exact(&mut boot_sector).unwrap();
+        let fat_offset = u32::from_le_bytes(boot_sector[80..84].try_into().unwrap());
+        let cluster_heap_offset = u32::from_le_bytes(boot_sector[88..92].try_into().unwrap());
+        let cluster_count = u32::from_le_bytes(boot_sector[92..96].try_into().unwrap());
+        let first_cluster_of_root = u32::from_le_bytes(boot_sector[96..100].try_into().unwrap());
+        let sectors_per_cluster = 1u64 << boot_sector[109];
+        let cluster_size = sectors_per_cluster * 512;
+
+        let bitmap_size = ((cluster_count + 7) / 8) as u64;
+        let bitmap_clusters = bitmap_size.div_ceil(cluster_size) as u32;
+        assert!(
+            bitmap_clusters > 1,
+            "test volume should require a multi-cluster allocation bitmap"
+        );
+
+        let upcase_clusters = (128 * 1024u64).div_ceil(cluster_size) as u32;
+        assert_eq!(first_cluster_of_root, 2 + bitmap_clusters + upcase_clusters);
+
+        let read_fat = |file: &mut std::fs::File, cluster: u32| -> u32 {
+            let offset = layout.data_offset() + fat_offset as u64 * 512 + cluster as u64 * 4;
+            let mut bytes = [0u8; 4];
+            file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(offset)).unwrap();
+            file.read_exact(&mut bytes).unwrap();
+            u32::from_le_bytes(bytes)
+        };
+        assert_eq!(read_fat(&mut file, 2), 3);
+        assert_eq!(read_fat(&mut file, 2 + bitmap_clusters - 1), 0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+        let root_offset = layout.data_offset()
+            + cluster_heap_offset as u64 * 512
+            + (first_cluster_of_root - 2) as u64 * cluster_size;
+        let mut root = vec![0u8; cluster_size as usize];
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(root_offset)).unwrap();
+        file.read_exact(&mut root).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(root[32], ENTRY_TYPE_BITMAP);
+        assert_eq!(u32::from_le_bytes(root[52..56].try_into().unwrap()), 2);
+        assert_eq!(
+            u64::from_le_bytes(root[56..64].try_into().unwrap()),
+            bitmap_size
+        );
+        assert_eq!(root[64], ENTRY_TYPE_UPCASE);
+        assert_eq!(
+            u32::from_le_bytes(root[84..88].try_into().unwrap()),
+            2 + bitmap_clusters
+        );
+    }
 }

libs/ventoy-img-rs/src/image.rs

@@ -28,8 +28,15 @@ impl VentoyImage {
             path.display()
         );
 
-        // Create sparse file
-        let mut file = File::create(path)?;
+        // Build beside the destination so a failed create cannot leave a partial image.
+        let parent = path
+            .parent()
+            .filter(|parent| !parent.as_os_str().is_empty())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
+        let mut temp = tempfile::Builder::new()
+            .prefix(".ventoy-")
+            .tempfile_in(parent)?;
+        let mut file = temp.as_file_mut();
         file.set_len(size)?;
 
         // Write boot code
@@ -64,6 +71,8 @@ impl VentoyImage {
         format_exfat(&mut file, layout.data_offset(), layout.data_size(), label)?;
 
         file.flush()?;
+        temp.persist(path)
+            .map_err(|error| VentoyError::Io(error.error))?;
 
         println!("[INFO] Ventoy IMG created successfully!");
 
@@ -274,3 +283,20 @@ impl VentoyImage {
         &self.path
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn failed_create_does_not_publish_partial_image() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("ventoy.img");
+
+        let error = VentoyImage::create(&path, "64M", "TEST").err().unwrap();
+
+        assert!(matches!(error, VentoyError::ResourceNotFound(_)));
+        assert!(!path.exists());
+        assert_eq!(std::fs::read_dir(dir.path()).unwrap().count(), 0);
+    }
+}