chore: bump version to v0.2.1

fix: 关闭 MSD 后保存 HID 配置时端点预算校验误判超限

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+name: Build
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      publish_release:
+        description: Publish GitHub Release
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+      release_tag:
+        description: Release tag name when publishing
+        required: false
+        default: ""
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  frontend:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: npm
+          cache-dependency-path: web/package-lock.json
+
+      - name: Build frontend
+        working-directory: web
+        run: |
+          npm ci
+          npm run build
+
+      - name: Upload frontend dist
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: web-dist
+          path: web/dist
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 7
+
+  deb:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: frontend
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Download frontend dist
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: web-dist
+          path: web/dist
+
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+
+      - name: Install cross
+        run: cargo install cross --locked
+
+      - name: Build linux binary
+        run: bash build/build-images.sh
+
+      - name: Package deb
+        run: bash build/package-deb.sh
+
+      - name: Upload deb
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-deb
+          path: target/debian/*.deb
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 7
+
+  windows:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    needs: frontend
+    timeout-minutes: 120
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Download frontend dist
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: web-dist
+          path: web/dist
+
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+
+      - name: Set up MSVC
+        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+
+      - name: Prepare vcpkg and dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $env:VCPKG_ROOT = "C:\vcpkg"
+          $env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET = "x64-windows-static"
+          $env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR = Join-Path $pwd "vcpkg_installed"
+
+          if (-not (Test-Path $env:VCPKG_ROOT)) {
+            git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg $env:VCPKG_ROOT
+          }
+
+          & "$env:VCPKG_ROOT\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat" -disableMetrics
+          & "$env:VCPKG_ROOT\vcpkg.exe" install --triplet $env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET --x-install-root="$env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR"
+
+          $tripletRoot = Join-Path $env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR $env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET
+          $env:TURBOJPEG_SOURCE = "explicit"
+          $env:TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR = Join-Path $tripletRoot "lib"
+          $env:TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR = Join-Path $tripletRoot "include"
+
+          "VCPKG_ROOT=$env:VCPKG_ROOT" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET=$env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR=$env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "TURBOJPEG_SOURCE=$env:TURBOJPEG_SOURCE" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR=$env:TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          "TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR=$env:TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+
+      - name: Build Windows exe
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: .\build\windows\build.ps1 -Configuration release -Package
+
+      - name: Upload exe
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-windows-exe
+          path: target/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/release/one-kvm_*.exe
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          retention-days: 7
+
+  release:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: [deb, windows]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.publish_release }}
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Validate release tag
+        run: |
+          if [ -z "${{ inputs.release_tag }}" ]; then
+            echo "release_tag is required when publish_release is true"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+      - name: Download deb artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-deb
+          path: release-artifacts/deb
+
+      - name: Download exe artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: one-kvm-windows-exe
+          path: release-artifacts/windows
+
+      - name: Publish GitHub Release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+          prerelease: true
+          generate_release_notes: true
+          files: |
+            release-artifacts/deb/*.deb
+            release-artifacts/windows/*.exe

.gitignore

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Thumbs.db
 
 # Build artifacts
 /dist/
+/build-staging
 
 # Frontend (built files)
 /web/node_modules/
@@ -41,3 +42,4 @@ CLAUDE.md
 secrets.toml
 .env
 /docs/
+web/package-lock.json

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "one-kvm"
-version = "0.1.5"
+version = "0.2.1"
 edition = "2021"
 authors = ["SilentWind"]
 description = "A open and lightweight IP-KVM solution written in Rust"
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ tokio-util = { version = "0.7", features = ["rt"] }
 
 # Web framework
 axum = { version = "0.8", features = ["ws", "multipart", "tokio"] }
-axum-extra = { version = "0.12", features = ["typed-header", "cookie"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.6", features = ["fs", "cors", "trace", "compression-gzip"] }
+axum-extra = { version = "0.12", features = ["cookie"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.6", features = ["cors", "trace", "set-header"] }
 
 # Database - Use bundled SQLite for static linking
 sqlx = { version = "0.8", features = ["runtime-tokio", "sqlite"] }
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ serde_json = "1"
 # Logging
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter", "json", "tracing-log"] }
-tracing-log = "0.2"
 
 # Error handling
 thiserror = "2"
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ rand = "0.9"
 
 # Utilities
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4", "serde"] }
-chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
 base64 = "0.22"
 nix = { version = "0.30", features = ["fs", "net", "hostname", "poll"] }
 
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.13", features = ["stream", "rustls", "json"], default-f
 urlencoding = "2"
 
 # Static file embedding
-rust-embed = { version = "8", features = ["compression"] }
+rust-embed = { version = "8", features = ["compression", "debug-embed"] }
 mime_guess = "2"
 
 # TLS/HTTPS
@@ -62,14 +60,8 @@ axum-server = { version = "0.8", features = ["tls-rustls"] }
 # CLI argument parsing
 clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive"] }
 
-# Time
-time = "0.3"
-
-# Video capture (V4L2)
-v4l2r = "0.0.7"
-
-# JPEG encoding (libjpeg-turbo, SIMD accelerated)
-turbojpeg = "1.3"
+# Time (cookie max_age + RFC3339 timestamps)
+time = { version = "0.3", features = ["serde", "formatting", "parsing"] }
 
 # Bytes handling
 bytes = "1"
@@ -95,11 +87,6 @@ rtp = "0.14"
 rtsp-types = "0.1"
 sdp-types = "0.1"
 
-# Audio (ALSA capture + Opus encoding)
-# Note: audiopus links to libopus.so (unavoidable for audio support)
-alsa = "0.11"
-audiopus = "0.2"
-
 # HID (serial port for CH9329)
 serialport = "4"
 async-trait = "0.1"
@@ -108,30 +95,47 @@ libc = "0.2"
 # Ventoy bootable image support
 ventoy-img = { path = "libs/ventoy-img-rs" }
 
-# ATX (GPIO control)
-gpio-cdev = "0.6"
-
-# H264 hardware/software encoding (hwcodec from rustdesk)
-hwcodec = { path = "libs/hwcodec" }
-
 # RustDesk protocol support
 protobuf = { version = "3.7", features = ["with-bytes"] }
 sodiumoxide = "0.2"
 sha2 = "0.10"
-# High-performance pixel format conversion (libyuv)
-libyuv = { path = "res/vcpkg/libyuv" }
-
 # TypeScript type generation
 typeshare = "1.0"
 
+[target.'cfg(any(unix, windows))'.dependencies]
+# Video encoding/decoding (FFmpeg/libjpeg-turbo/libyuv; available on Windows and Linux)
+hwcodec = { path = "libs/hwcodec" }
+libyuv = { path = "res/vcpkg/libyuv" }
+turbojpeg = "1.3"
+# Note: audiopus links to libopus.so (unavoidable for audio support)
+audiopus = "0.2"
+
+[target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
+# Video capture (V4L2)
+v4l2r = "0.0.7"
+
+# Audio (ALSA capture)
+alsa = "0.11"
+
+# ATX (GPIO control)
+gpio-cdev = "0.6"
+
+[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
+cpal = { version = "0.17", default-features = false }
+windows-sys = { version = "0.61", features = [
+    "Win32_Foundation",
+    "Win32_NetworkManagement_IpHelper",
+    "Win32_NetworkManagement_Ndis",
+    "Win32_Networking_WinSock",
+    "Win32_System_SystemInformation",
+    "Win32_System_Threading",
+] }
+
 [dev-dependencies]
-tokio-test = "0.4"
 tempfile = "3"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 protobuf-codegen = "3.7"
-toml = "0.9"
-cc = "1"
 
 [profile.release]
 opt-level = 3

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
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+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
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README.en.md

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+<div align="center">
+  <h1>One-KVM</h1>
+  <p><strong>An open, lightweight IP-KVM stack in Rust — remote management down to BIOS level</strong></p>
+
+  <p><a href="README.md">简体中文</a> · <a href="README.en.md">English</a></p>
+
+  [![GitHub Release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/mofeng-git/One-KVM)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/releases)
+  [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/mofeng-git/One-KVM?style=social)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/stargazers)
+  [![GitHub forks](https://img.shields.io/github/forks/mofeng-git/One-KVM?style=social)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/network/members)
+  [![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/mofeng-git/One-KVM)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/issues)
+</div>
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+**One-KVM (Rust)** is a lightweight IP-KVM solution written in Rust. It lets you manage servers and workstations over the network, including at BIOS level.
+
+Goals: an open, lightweight, easy-to-use IP-KVM stack.
+
+- **Open**: not tied to one hardware recipe; runs across many setups.
+- **Lightweight**: shipped as a binary with minimal moving parts for deployment.
+- **Easy to use**: no hand-edited config files required; settings are done in the web UI.
+
+> **One-KVM (Python)** is no longer maintained. If you still need it, see <https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/tree/python>.
+
+<div align="center">
+
+![One-KVM web console](https://one-kvm.cn/hero-app-effect.png)
+
+</div>
+
+## Features
+
+### Core
+
+| Area | Capabilities |
+|------|----------------|
+| Video capture | HDMI USB / MIPI CSI / RK3588 HDMI IN; MJPEG and WebRTC (H.264 / H.265 / VP8 / VP9) |
+| Video encoding | VAAPI / QSV / RKMPP / V4L2 M2M hardware paths, with software fallback |
+| Keyboard & mouse | USB OTG HID or CH340 + CH9329 HID; absolute / relative mouse |
+| Virtual media | USB mass storage; ISO/IMG mount and Ventoy-style virtual USB |
+| ATX power | GPIO or USB relay; power and reset control |
+| Audio | ALSA capture + Opus (HTTP / WebRTC) |
+
+The web UI supports visual configuration and Chinese/English locales. Built-ins include a web terminal (ttyd), intranet tunnel (gostc), P2P (EasyTier), RustDesk protocol (optional cross-platform remote access), and RTSP streaming.
+
+## Installation
+
+Release artifacts are on [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/releases). Below are short paths for common setups. For **system requirements, hardware, Docker env vars, USB OTG**, and full troubleshooting, see the [One-KVM documentation](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/) (Chinese; use a translator if needed).
+
+### Debian / Ubuntu (.deb)
+
+Download a `one-kvm_*.deb` matching your CPU architecture from Releases, then from the directory containing the package:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install ./one-kvm_0.x.x_<arch>.deb
+```
+
+Replace the version and architecture in the filename with your actual file name.
+
+### Docker
+
+Images:
+
+- **one-kvm** — main app + ttyd  
+- **one-kvm-full** — same plus optional extras (e.g. gostc, easytier-core)
+
+Example:
+
+```bash
+docker run --name one-kvm -itd \
+  --privileged=true --restart unless-stopped \
+  -v /dev:/dev -v /sys:/sys \
+  --net=host \
+  silentwind0/one-kvm-full
+```
+
+If pulls are slow, use the Aliyun mirror, e.g. `registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/silentwind/one-kvm-full` (and `registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/silentwind/one-kvm` for the slim image).
+
+### fnOS NAS (Feiniu / 飞牛)
+
+One-KVM is listed in the fnOS **app store**; search and install on your NAS.
+
+### Web UI and first run
+
+Open `http://<device-ip>:8080` in a browser (**8420** after fnOS install). The first visit runs initial setup.
+
+## Reporting issues
+
+If something breaks:
+
+1. Open [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/issues) or report in the project QQ group.  
+2. Include **useful** error messages and steps to reproduce.  
+3. Mention software version, hardware, and OS details.
+
+## Sponsorship
+
+One-KVM builds on many great open-source projects; a lot of time goes into testing and maintenance. If you find it useful, you can support development on **[Afdian (为爱发电)](https://afdian.com/a/silentwind)**.
+
+### Thanks
+
+<details>
+<summary><strong>Supporter list</strong></summary>
+
+- 浩龙的电子嵌入式之路
+
+- Tsuki
+
+- H_xiaoming
+
+- 0蓝蓝0
+
+- fairybl
+
+- Will
+
+- 自.知
+
+- 观棋不语٩ ི۶
+
+- 爱发电用户_a57a4
+
+- 爱发电用户_2c769
+
+- 霜序
+
+- 远方（闲鱼用户名：小远技术店铺）
+
+- 爱发电用户_399fc
+
+- 斐斐の
+
+- 爱发电用户_09451
+
+- 超高校级的錆鱼
+
+- 爱发电用户_08cff
+
+- guoke
+
+- mgt
+
+- 姜沢掵
+
+- ui_beam
+
+- 爱发电用户_c0dd7
+
+- 爱发电用户_dnjK
+
+- 忍者胖猪
+
+- 永遠の願い
+
+- 爱发电用户_GBrF
+
+- 爱发电用户_fd65c
+
+- 爱发电用户_vhNa
+
+- 爱发电用户_Xu6S
+
+- moss
+
+- woshididi
+
+- 爱发电用户_a0fd1
+
+- 爱发电用户_f6bH
+
+- 码农
+
+- 爱发电用户_6639f
+
+- jeron
+
+- 爱发电用户_CN7y
+
+- 爱发电用户_Up6w
+
+- 爱发电用户_e3202
+
+- 一语念白
+
+- 云边
+
+- 爱发电用户_5a711
+
+- 爱发电用户_9a706
+
+- T0m9ir1SUKI
+
+- 爱发电用户_56d52
+
+- 爱发电用户_3N6F
+
+- DUSK
+
+- 飘零
+
+- .
+
+- 饭太稀
+
+- 葱
+
+- MaxZ
+
+- 爱发电用户_c5f33
+
+- 爱发电用户_09386
+
+- 爱发电用户_JT6c
+
+- 爱发电用户_d3d9c
+
+- ......
+
+</details>
+
+### Sponsors
+
+**Mirror Download Services:**
+- **[Chongqing University Open Source Software Mirror](https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/)** — provides mirror download services
+
+**File hosting**
+
+- **[Huang1111 public-interest program](https://pan.huang1111.cn/s/mxkx3T1)** — login-free downloads
+
+**Cloud**
+
+- **[林枫云](https://www.dkdun.cn)** — project server sponsorship
+
+![林枫云](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/img/36076FEFF0898A80EBD5756D28F4076C.png)
+
+林枫云 offers premium network routes, high-frequency game servers, and high-bandwidth servers in China and abroad.

README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
   <h1>One-KVM</h1>
   <p><strong>Rust 编写的开放轻量 IP-KVM 解决方案，实现 BIOS 级远程管理</strong></p>
 
-  <p><a href="README.md">简体中文</a></p>
+  <p><a href="README.md">简体中文</a> · <a href="README.en.md">English</a></p>
 
+  [![GitHub Release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/mofeng-git/One-KVM)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/releases)
   [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/mofeng-git/One-KVM?style=social)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/stargazers)
   [![GitHub forks](https://img.shields.io/github/forks/mofeng-git/One-KVM?style=social)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/network/members)
   [![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/mofeng-git/One-KVM)](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/issues)
@@ -15,57 +16,78 @@
 
 **One-KVM Rust** 是一个用 Rust 编写的轻量级 IP-KVM 解决方案，可通过网络远程管理服务器和工作站，实现 BIOS 级远程控制。
 
-项目目标：
+项目目标：提供一个开放、轻量、易用的 IPKVM 解决方案。
 
-- **开放**：不绑定特定硬件配置，尽量适配常见 Linux 设备
-- **轻量**：单二进制分发，部署过程更简单
-- **易用**：网页界面完成设备与参数配置，无需手动改配置文件
+- **开放**：不绑定特定硬件配置，可在各类硬件环境中稳定运行。
+- **轻量**：以二进制文件形式分发，无繁杂的依赖项，部署过程简单。
+- **易用**：无需手动编辑配置文件，参数设置均可通过网页界面完成。
 
-> **注意：** One-KVM Rust 目前仍处于开发早期阶段，功能与细节会快速迭代，欢迎体验与反馈。
+> **One-KVM Python** 已停止开发，如有需要可访问 <https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/tree/python>。
 
-## 🔁 迁移说明
+<div align="center">
 
-开发重心正在从 **One-KVM Python** 逐步转向 **One-KVM Rust**。
+![One-KVM Web 控制台界面](https://one-kvm.cn/hero-app-effect.png)
 
-- 如果你在使用 **One-KVM Python（基于 PiKVM）**，请查看 [One-KVM Python 文档](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/python/)
-- One-KVM Rust 相较于 One-KVM Python：**尚未完全适配 CSI HDMI 采集卡**、**不支持 VNC 访问**，仍处于开发早期阶段
+</div>
 
 ## 📊 功能介绍
 
 ### 核心功能
 
-| 功能 | 说明 |
+| 功能 | 能力说明 |
 |------|------|
-| 视频采集 | HDMI USB 采集卡支持，提供 MJPEG / WebRTC（H.264/H.265/VP8/VP9） |
+| 视频采集 | HDMI USB /MIPI CSI/RK3588 HDMI IN 采集支持，提供 MJPEG / WebRTC（H.264/H.265/VP8/VP9） 视频流|
+| 视频编码 | VAAPI/QSV/RKMPP/V4L2M2M 硬件编码支持，以及软件编码兜底 |
 | 键鼠控制 | USB OTG HID 或 CH340 + CH9329 HID，支持绝对/相对鼠标模式 |
 | 虚拟媒体 | USB Mass Storage，支持 ISO/IMG 镜像挂载和 Ventoy 虚拟U盘模式 |
-| ATX 电源控制 | GPIO 控制电源/重启按钮 |
+| ATX 电源控制 | GPIO /USB 继电器，支持控制电源、重启按钮 |
 | 音频传输 | ALSA 采集 + Opus 编码（HTTP/WebRTC） |
 
-### 硬件编码
-
-支持自动检测和选择硬件加速：
-
-- **VAAPI**：Intel/AMD GPU
-- **RKMPP**：Rockchip SoC
-- **V4L2 M2M**：通用硬件编码器
-- **软件编码**：CPU 编码
-
-### 扩展能力
-
-- Web UI 配置，多语言支持（中文/英文）
-- 内置 Web 终端（ttyd）、内网穿透支持（gostc）、P2P 组网支持（EasyTier）、RustDesk 协议集成（用于跨平台远程访问能力扩展）和 RTSP 视频流（用于视频推流）
+此外提供基于 Web UI 的可视化配置与中英文界面；并集成 Web 终端（ttyd）、内网穿透（gostc）、P2P 组网（EasyTier）、RustDesk 协议（扩展跨平台远程访问）以及 RTSP 推流等能力。
 
 ## ⚡ 安装使用
 
-可以访问 [One-KVM Rust 文档站点](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/) 获取详细信息。
+构建产物见 [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/releases)。以下为常见安装方式的简要步骤；**系统要求、硬件准备、Docker 环境变量与 USB OTG 等完整说明**请查阅 [One-KVM Rust 文档站点](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/)。
+
+### 使用 deb 安装（Debian / Ubuntu）
+
+从 Releases 下载与本机架构匹配的 `one-kvm_*.deb`，在包所在目录执行：
+
+```bash
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install ./one-kvm_0.x.x_<arch>.deb
+```
+
+将文件名中的版本号与架构替换为实际下载的包名。
+
+### 使用 Docker
+
+镜像分为 **one-kvm**（One-KVM 主程序 + ttyd）与 **one-kvm-full**（另含 gostc、easytier-core 等可选扩展），按需选用。
+
+```bash
+docker run --name one-kvm -itd \
+  --privileged=true --restart unless-stopped \
+  -v /dev:/dev -v /sys:/sys \
+  --net=host \
+  silentwind0/one-kvm-full
+```
+
+拉取较慢时，可将镜像名替换为阿里云加速，例如 `registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/silentwind/one-kvm-full`（`one-kvm` 镜像同理，将 `silentwind0/one-kvm` 换为 `registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/silentwind/one-kvm`）。
+
+### 飞牛 NAS
+
+One-KVM 已上架飞牛 **应用市场**，在 NAS 上直接搜索安装即可。
+
+### 访问 Web 与首次配置
+
+浏览器访问 `http://<设备 IP>:8080`（飞牛 NAS 安装后为 8420 端口）。首次访问将引导完成初始配置。
 
 ## 报告问题
 
 如果您发现了问题，请：
 1. 使用 [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/mofeng-git/One-KVM/issues) 报告，或加入 QQ 群聊反馈。
-2. 提供详细的错误信息和复现步骤
-3. 包含您的硬件配置和系统信息
+2. 提供有帮助的错误信息和复现步骤
+3. 包含您使用的软件版本、硬件配置和系统信息
 
 ## 赞助支持
 
@@ -88,8 +110,6 @@
 
 - Will
 
-- 浩龙的电子嵌入式之路
-
 - 自.知
 
 - 观棋不语٩ ི۶
@@ -188,8 +208,6 @@
 
 - 爱发电用户_JT6c
 
-- MaxZ
-
 - 爱发电用户_d3d9c
 
 - ......
@@ -200,13 +218,22 @@
 
 本项目得到以下赞助商的支持：
 
+**镜像下载服务：**
+- **[重庆大学开源软件镜像站](https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/)** - 提供镜像站下载服务
+
 **文件存储服务：**
 - **[Huang1111公益计划](https://pan.huang1111.cn/s/mxkx3T1)** - 提供免登录下载服务
 
 **云服务商**
 
-- **[林枫云](https://www.dkdun.cn)** - 赞助了本项目宁波大带宽服务器
+- **[林枫云](https://www.dkdun.cn)** - 赞助了本项目服务器
 
-![林枫云](https://docs.one-kvm.cn/img/36076FEFF0898A80EBD5756D28F4076C.png)
+  <img  height="128" alt="林枫云" src="https://docs.one-kvm.cn/img/36076FEFF0898A80EBD5756D28F4076C.png" />
 
-林枫云主营国内外地域的精品线路业务服务器、高主频游戏服务器和大带宽服务器。
+  林枫云主营国内外地域的精品线路业务服务器、高主频游戏服务器和大带宽服务器。
+
+- **[贝塔网络](https://my.beita.cc/?ref=github_onekvm)** - 赞助了本项目服务器
+
+  <img height="128" alt="BTBT" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c442d5f5-d72f-4a07-b9f4-400a6a0c3f1e" />
+
+  远程电脑、消费级GPU服务器、独服物理机，全自动在线交付。

agents.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Agents Notes
+
+## Windows MSVC Build
+
+Run from the repository root in PowerShell:
+
+```powershell
+$env:VCPKG_ROOT='C:\Users\mofen\code\vcpkg'
+$env:TURBOJPEG_SOURCE='explicit'
+$env:TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR='C:\Users\mofen\code\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows-static\lib'
+$env:TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR='C:\Users\mofen\code\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows-static\include'
+
+cargo build --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+```

build.rs

@@ -64,25 +64,6 @@ fn generate_secrets() {
 pub mod ice {
     /// Google public STUN server URL (hardcoded)
     pub const STUN_SERVER: &str = "stun:stun.l.google.com:19302";
-
-    /// TURN server URLs - not provided, users must configure their own
-    pub const TURN_URLS: &str = "";
-
-    /// TURN authentication username
-    pub const TURN_USERNAME: &str = "";
-
-    /// TURN authentication password
-    pub const TURN_PASSWORD: &str = "";
-
-    /// Always returns true since we have STUN
-    pub const fn is_configured() -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    /// Always returns false since TURN is not provided
-    pub const fn has_turn() -> bool {
-        false
-    }
 }
 
 /// RustDesk public server configuration - NOT PROVIDED

build/Dockerfile.runtime

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 # Install runtime dependencies in a single layer
 # All codec libraries (libx264, libx265, libopus) are now statically linked
 # Only hardware acceleration drivers and core system libraries remain dynamic
-RUN apt-get update && \
+RUN sed -i 's/ main$/ main contrib non-free/' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+    apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         # Core runtime (all platforms) - no codec libs needed
         ca-certificates \
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     # Platform-specific hardware acceleration
     if [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/amd64" ]; then \
         apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-            libva2 libva-drm2 libva-x11-2 libx11-6 libxcb1 libxau6 libxdmcp6 libmfx1; \
+            libva2 libva-drm2 libva-x11-2 libx11-6 libxcb1 libxau6 libxdmcp6 libmfx1 \
+            i965-va-driver-shaders intel-media-va-driver-non-free vainfo; \
     elif [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/arm64" ]; then \
         apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
             libdrm2 libva2; \

build/Dockerfile.runtime-full

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 # Install runtime dependencies in a single layer
 # All codec libraries (libx264, libx265, libopus) are now statically linked
 # Only hardware acceleration drivers and core system libraries remain dynamic
-RUN apt-get update && \
+RUN sed -i 's/ main$/ main contrib non-free/' /etc/apt/sources.list && \
+    apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         # Core runtime (all platforms) - no codec libs needed
         ca-certificates \
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ RUN apt-get update && \
     # Platform-specific hardware acceleration
     if [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/amd64" ]; then \
         apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-            libva2 libva-drm2 libva-x11-2 libx11-6 libxcb1 libxau6 libxdmcp6 libmfx1; \
+            libva2 libva-drm2 libva-x11-2 libx11-6 libxcb1 libxau6 libxdmcp6 libmfx1 \
+            i965-va-driver-shaders intel-media-va-driver-non-free vainfo; \
     elif [ "$TARGETPLATFORM" = "linux/arm64" ]; then \
         apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
             libdrm2 libva2; \

build/build-images.sh

@@ -19,6 +19,23 @@ ARCH_MAP=(
 build_arch() {
     local rust_target="$1"
 
+    case "${CHINAMIRRO:-}" in
+        1|true|TRUE|yes|YES|on|ON)
+            local cross_build_opts="${CROSS_BUILD_OPTS:+$CROSS_BUILD_OPTS }--build-arg CHINAMIRRO=1"
+            echo "=== China mirror acceleration: enabled (Tsinghua) ==="
+            echo "=== Building: $rust_target (via cross with custom Dockerfile) ==="
+            env \
+                CROSS_BUILD_OPTS="$cross_build_opts" \
+                CARGO_SOURCE_CRATES_IO_REPLACE_WITH=tuna \
+                CARGO_SOURCE_TUNA_REGISTRY=sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/ \
+                CARGO_REGISTRIES_CRATES_IO_PROTOCOL=sparse \
+                RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup \
+                RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup \
+                cross build --release --target "$rust_target"
+            return
+            ;;
+    esac
+
     echo "=== Building: $rust_target (via cross with custom Dockerfile) ==="
     cross build --release --target "$rust_target"
 }
@@ -49,6 +66,7 @@ case "${1:-all}" in
         echo "Examples:"
         echo "  $0              # Build all"
         echo "  $0 x86_64       # Build x86_64 only"
+        echo "  CHINAMIRRO=1 $0 arm64  # Build with Tsinghua mirrors"
         exit 0
         ;;
     *)

build/cross/Dockerfile.arm64

@@ -6,16 +6,36 @@ FROM debian:11
 # Linux headers used by v4l2r bindgen
 ARG LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION=6.6
 ARG LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256=
+ARG CHINAMIRRO=0
 
-# Set Rustup mirrors (Aliyun)
-#ENV RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup \
-#    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup
+# Optionally use Tsinghua mirrors for builds in China.
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        sed -i \
+            -e 's|http://deb.debian.org/debian|http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian|g' \
+            -e 's|http://security.debian.org/debian-security|http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security|g' \
+            /etc/apt/sources.list; \
+    fi
 
 # Install Rust toolchain
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     curl \
     ca-certificates \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup; \
+    fi \
     && curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        mkdir -p /root/.cargo; \
+        printf '%s\n' \
+            '[source.crates-io]' \
+            "replace-with = 'tuna'" \
+            '[source.tuna]' \
+            'registry = "sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"' \
+            '[registries.tuna]' \
+            'index = "sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"' \
+            > /root/.cargo/config.toml; \
+    fi \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
@@ -327,7 +347,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && rm -rf /tmp/ffmpeg-build /tmp/aarch64-cross.txt /tmp/aarch64-pkg-config
 
 # Add Rust target
-RUN rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup; \
+    fi \
+    && rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
 
 # Configure environment for cross-compilation
 ENV CARGO_TARGET_AARCH64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_LINKER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \

build/cross/Dockerfile.armv7

@@ -6,16 +6,36 @@ FROM debian:11
 # Linux headers used by v4l2r bindgen
 ARG LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION=6.6
 ARG LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256=
+ARG CHINAMIRRO=0
 
-# Set Rustup mirrors (Aliyun)
-#ENV RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup \
-#    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup
+# Optionally use Tsinghua mirrors for builds in China.
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        sed -i \
+            -e 's|http://deb.debian.org/debian|http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian|g' \
+            -e 's|http://security.debian.org/debian-security|http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security|g' \
+            /etc/apt/sources.list; \
+    fi
 
 # Install Rust toolchain
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     curl \
     ca-certificates \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup; \
+    fi \
     && curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        mkdir -p /root/.cargo; \
+        printf '%s\n' \
+            '[source.crates-io]' \
+            "replace-with = 'tuna'" \
+            '[source.tuna]' \
+            'registry = "sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"' \
+            '[registries.tuna]' \
+            'index = "sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"' \
+            > /root/.cargo/config.toml; \
+    fi \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
@@ -316,7 +336,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && rm -rf /tmp/ffmpeg-build /tmp/armhf-cross.txt /tmp/armhf-pkg-config
 
 # Add Rust target
-RUN rustup target add armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup; \
+    fi \
+    && rustup target add armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
 
 # Configure environment for cross-compilation
 ENV CARGO_TARGET_ARMV7_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNUEABIHF_LINKER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \

build/cross/Dockerfile.x86_64

@@ -6,16 +6,36 @@ FROM debian:11
 # Linux headers used by v4l2r bindgen
 ARG LINUX_HEADERS_VERSION=6.6
 ARG LINUX_HEADERS_SHA256=
+ARG CHINAMIRRO=0
 
-# Set Rustup mirrors (Aliyun)
-#ENV RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup \
-#    RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup
+# Optionally use Tsinghua mirrors for builds in China.
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        sed -i \
+            -e 's|http://deb.debian.org/debian|http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian|g' \
+            -e 's|http://security.debian.org/debian-security|http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security|g' \
+            /etc/apt/sources.list; \
+    fi
 
 # Install Rust toolchain
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     curl \
     ca-certificates \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup; \
+    fi \
     && curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y --default-toolchain stable \
+    && if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        mkdir -p /root/.cargo; \
+        printf '%s\n' \
+            '[source.crates-io]' \
+            "replace-with = 'tuna'" \
+            '[source.tuna]' \
+            'registry = "sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"' \
+            '[registries.tuna]' \
+            'index = "sparse+https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"' \
+            > /root/.cargo/config.toml; \
+    fi \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 ENV PATH="/root/.cargo/bin:${PATH}"
@@ -221,7 +241,11 @@ RUN mkdir -p /tmp/ffmpeg-build && cd /tmp/ffmpeg-build \
     && rm -rf /tmp/ffmpeg-build
 
 # Add Rust target
-RUN rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+RUN if [ "$CHINAMIRRO" = "1" ]; then \
+        export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup; \
+        export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup; \
+    fi \
+    && rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
 
 # Configure environment for static linking
 ENV PKG_CONFIG_ALLOW_CROSS=1\

build/init.sh

@@ -4,6 +4,68 @@
 
 set -e
 
+detect_intel_libva_driver() {
+    if [ -n "${LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME:-}" ]; then
+        echo "[INFO] Using preconfigured LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=$LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$(uname -m)" != "x86_64" ]; then
+        return
+    fi
+
+    local devices=()
+    if [ -n "${LIBVA_DEVICE:-}" ]; then
+        devices=("$LIBVA_DEVICE")
+    else
+        shopt -s nullglob
+        devices=(/dev/dri/renderD*)
+        shopt -u nullglob
+    fi
+
+    if [ ${#devices[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+        return
+    fi
+
+    local device=""
+    local node=""
+    local vendor=""
+    local driver=""
+
+    for device in "${devices[@]}"; do
+        if [ ! -e "$device" ]; then
+            continue
+        fi
+
+        node="$(basename "$device")"
+        vendor=""
+        if [ -r "/sys/class/drm/$node/device/vendor" ]; then
+            vendor="$(cat "/sys/class/drm/$node/device/vendor")"
+        fi
+
+        if [ -n "$vendor" ] && [ "$vendor" != "0x8086" ]; then
+            echo "[INFO] Skipping VA-API probe for $device (vendor=$vendor)"
+            continue
+        fi
+
+        for driver in iHD i965; do
+            if LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME="$driver" vainfo --display drm --device "$device" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+                export LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME="$driver"
+                if [ -n "$vendor" ]; then
+                    echo "[INFO] Detected Intel VA-API driver '$driver' on $device (vendor=$vendor)"
+                else
+                    echo "[INFO] Detected Intel VA-API driver '$driver' on $device"
+                fi
+                return
+            fi
+        done
+    done
+
+    echo "[WARN] Unable to auto-detect an Intel VA-API driver; leaving LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME unset"
+}
+
+detect_intel_libva_driver
+
 # Start one-kvm with default options.
 # Additional options can be passed via environment variables.
 

build/one-kvm.service

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ Wants=network-online.target
 [Service]
 Type=simple
 User=root
+# Example for older Intel GPUs:
+# Environment=LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=i965
 ExecStart=/usr/bin/one-kvm
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=5

build/package-deb.sh

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ EOF
 
     # Create control file
     BASE_DEPS="libc6 (>= 2.31), libgcc-s1, libstdc++6, libasound2 (>= 1.1), libdrm2 (>= 2.4)"
-    AMD64_DEPS="libva2 (>= 2.0), libva-drm2 (>= 2.10), libva-x11-2 (>= 2.10), libmfx1 (>= 21.1), libx11-6 (>= 1.6), libxcb1 (>= 1.14)"
+    AMD64_DEPS="libva2 (>= 2.0), libva-drm2 (>= 2.10), libva-x11-2 (>= 2.10), libmfx1 (>= 21.1), libx11-6 (>= 1.6), libxcb1 (>= 1.14), i965-va-driver-shaders (>= 2.4), intel-media-va-driver-non-free (>= 21.1)"
     DEPS="$BASE_DEPS"
     if [ "$DEB_ARCH" = "amd64" ]; then
         DEPS="$DEPS, $AMD64_DEPS"

build/windows/build.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+param(
+    [string]$Configuration = "debug",
+    [string]$Target = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc",
+    [string]$Triplet = "x64-windows-static",
+    [string]$VcpkgRoot = $env:VCPKG_ROOT,
+    [string]$VcpkgInstalledRoot = $env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR,
+    [switch]$NoDefaultFeatures,
+    [string[]]$Features = @(),
+    [switch]$Package,
+    [Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments = $true)]
+    [string[]]$CargoArgs = @()
+)
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+$repoRoot = Resolve-Path (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "..\..")
+Set-Location $repoRoot
+
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($VcpkgRoot)) {
+    $VcpkgRoot = Join-Path (Split-Path $repoRoot -Parent) "vcpkg"
+}
+
+$VcpkgRoot = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($VcpkgRoot)
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($VcpkgInstalledRoot)) {
+    $VcpkgInstalledRoot = Join-Path $VcpkgRoot "installed"
+}
+
+$VcpkgInstalledRoot = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($VcpkgInstalledRoot)
+$vcpkgTripletRoot = Join-Path $VcpkgInstalledRoot $Triplet
+$turbojpegLibDir = Join-Path $vcpkgTripletRoot "lib"
+$turbojpegIncludeDir = Join-Path $vcpkgTripletRoot "include"
+
+if (-not (Test-Path $VcpkgRoot)) {
+    throw "VCPKG_ROOT does not exist: $VcpkgRoot. Run build/windows/bootstrap-vcpkg.ps1 first."
+}
+
+if (-not (Test-Path $turbojpegLibDir) -or -not (Test-Path $turbojpegIncludeDir)) {
+    throw "vcpkg triplet is not installed at $vcpkgTripletRoot. Run build/windows/bootstrap-vcpkg.ps1 first."
+}
+
+$env:VCPKG_ROOT = $VcpkgRoot
+$env:VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET = $Triplet
+$env:VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR = $VcpkgInstalledRoot
+$env:TURBOJPEG_SOURCE = "explicit"
+$env:TURBOJPEG_LIB_DIR = $turbojpegLibDir
+$env:TURBOJPEG_INCLUDE_DIR = $turbojpegIncludeDir
+
+$cargoCommand = @("build", "--target", $Target)
+
+if ($Configuration -eq "release") {
+    $cargoCommand += "--release"
+} elseif ($Configuration -ne "debug") {
+    throw "Unsupported configuration '$Configuration'. Use 'debug' or 'release'."
+}
+
+if ($NoDefaultFeatures) {
+    $cargoCommand += "--no-default-features"
+}
+
+if ($Features.Count -gt 0) {
+    $cargoCommand += "--features"
+    $cargoCommand += ($Features -join ",")
+}
+
+$cargoCommand += $CargoArgs
+
+cargo @cargoCommand
+
+if ($Package) {
+    $metadata = cargo metadata --no-deps --format-version 1 | ConvertFrom-Json
+    $packageInfo = $metadata.packages | Where-Object { $_.name -eq "one-kvm" } | Select-Object -First 1
+
+    if ($null -eq $packageInfo -or [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($packageInfo.version)) {
+        throw "Failed to resolve version from Cargo metadata"
+    }
+
+    $sourcePath = Join-Path $repoRoot "target/$Target/release/one-kvm.exe"
+    $targetName = "one-kvm_{0}_amd64.exe" -f $packageInfo.version
+    $targetPath = Join-Path $repoRoot "target/$Target/release/$targetName"
+
+    if (-not (Test-Path $sourcePath)) {
+        throw "Windows binary not found: $sourcePath"
+    }
+
+    Copy-Item $sourcePath $targetPath
+    Write-Host $targetPath
+}

libs/hwcodec/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ version = "0.8.0"
 edition = "2021"
 description = "Hardware video codec for IP-KVM (Windows/Linux)"
 
+[package.metadata.cargo-machete]
+ignored = ["serde"]
+
 [features]
 default = []
 rkmpp = []
@@ -17,6 +20,3 @@ serde_json = "1.0"
 [build-dependencies]
 cc = "1.0"
 bindgen = "0.59"
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-env_logger = "0.10"

libs/hwcodec/build.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ fn build_common(builder: &mut Build) {
     // system
     #[cfg(windows)]
     {
-        ["d3d11", "dxgi"].map(|lib| println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}", lib));
+        for lib in ["d3d11", "dxgi"] {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib={}", lib);
+        }
     }
 
     builder.include(&common_dir);
@@ -89,8 +91,8 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         ffmpeg_ffi();
 
         // Try VCPKG first, fallback to system FFmpeg via pkg-config
-        if let Ok(vcpkg_root) = std::env::var("VCPKG_ROOT") {
-            link_vcpkg(builder, vcpkg_root.into());
+        if let Some(vcpkg_installed) = vcpkg_installed_root() {
+            link_vcpkg(builder, vcpkg_installed);
         } else {
             // Use system FFmpeg via pkg-config
             link_system_ffmpeg(builder);
@@ -99,6 +101,23 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         link_os();
         build_ffmpeg_ram(builder);
         build_ffmpeg_hw(builder);
+        build_ffmpeg_capture(builder);
+    }
+
+    fn vcpkg_installed_root() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR");
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VCPKG_ROOT");
+
+        if let Ok(path) = std::env::var("VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR") {
+            if !path.trim().is_empty() {
+                return Some(PathBuf::from(path));
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::env::var("VCPKG_ROOT")
+            .ok()
+            .filter(|path| !path.trim().is_empty())
+            .map(|path| PathBuf::from(path).join("installed"))
     }
 
     /// Link system FFmpeg using pkg-config or custom path
@@ -271,7 +290,6 @@ mod ffmpeg {
             target = target.replace("x64", "x86");
         }
         println!("cargo:info={}", target);
-        path.push("installed");
         path.push(target);
 
         println!(
@@ -282,15 +300,26 @@ mod ffmpeg {
             )
         );
         {
-            // Only need avcodec and avutil for encoding
+            // avdevice/avformat are needed by the Windows DirectShow capture bridge.
             let mut static_libs = vec!["avcodec", "avutil"];
             if target_os == "windows" {
-                static_libs.push("libmfx");
+                static_libs.extend([
+                    "avformat",
+                    "avdevice",
+                    "avfilter",
+                    "swresample",
+                    "swscale",
+                    "vpx",
+                    "libx264",
+                    "x265-static",
+                ]);
+            }
+            for lib in static_libs {
+                println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}", lib);
+            }
+            if target_os == "windows" {
+                link_windows_qsv_lib(&path.join("lib"));
             }
-            static_libs
-                .iter()
-                .map(|lib| println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static={}", lib))
-                .count();
         }
 
         let include = path.join("include");
@@ -299,12 +328,25 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         include
     }
 
+    fn link_windows_qsv_lib(lib_dir: &Path) {
+        if lib_dir.join("libmfx.lib").exists() {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=libmfx");
+            println!("cargo:info=Using Windows QSV support library libmfx.lib");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        println!("cargo:warning=Windows QSV support library not found in {}", lib_dir.display());
+    }
+
     fn link_os() {
         let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
         let target_arch = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ARCH").unwrap();
 
         let dyn_libs: Vec<&str> = if target_os == "windows" {
-            ["User32", "bcrypt", "ole32", "advapi32"].to_vec()
+            [
+                "User32", "bcrypt", "ole32", "advapi32", "mfuuid", "strmiids",
+            ]
+            .to_vec()
         } else if target_os == "linux" {
             // Base libraries for all Linux platforms
             let mut v = vec!["drm", "stdc++"];
@@ -375,6 +417,34 @@ mod ffmpeg {
         }
     }
 
+    fn build_ffmpeg_capture(builder: &mut Build) {
+        let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap_or_default();
+        if target_os != "windows" {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
+        let capture_header = manifest_dir
+            .join("cpp")
+            .join("ffmpeg_capture_ffi.h")
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .to_string();
+        bindgen::builder()
+            .header(capture_header)
+            .rustified_enum("*")
+            .generate()
+            .unwrap()
+            .write_to_file(
+                Path::new(&env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap()).join("ffmpeg_capture_ffi.rs"),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+        builder.file(manifest_dir.join("cpp").join("ffmpeg_capture.cpp"));
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=strmiids");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=oleaut32");
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=quartz");
+    }
+
     fn build_ffmpeg_hw(builder: &mut Build) {
         let manifest_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
         let ffmpeg_hw_dir = manifest_dir.join("cpp").join("ffmpeg_hw");

libs/hwcodec/cpp/common/ffmpeg_ffi.h

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ enum AVPixelFormat {
   AV_PIX_FMT_NV24 = 188,
 };
 
+int av_get_pix_fmt(const char *name);
 int av_log_get_level(void);
 void av_log_set_level(int level);
 void hwcodec_set_av_log_callback();

libs/hwcodec/cpp/common/util.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
 #include <libavutil/opt.h>
 }
 
@@ -99,13 +100,12 @@ void set_av_codec_ctx(AVCodecContext *c, const std::string &name, int kbs,
   c->color_primaries = AVCOL_PRI_SMPTE170M;
   c->color_trc = AVCOL_TRC_SMPTE170M;
 
-  // Profile selection: use BASELINE for software H264 (faster, simpler)
-  if (is_software_h264(name)) {
-    c->profile = FF_PROFILE_H264_BASELINE;  // Simpler profile for real-time
-  } else if (name.find("h264") != std::string::npos) {
-    c->profile = FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH;
+  // WebRTC SDP advertises constrained baseline. Keep hardware and software
+  // encoders on the same browser-friendly H264 profile.
+  if (name.find("h264") != std::string::npos) {
+    c->profile = AV_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE;
   } else if (name.find("hevc") != std::string::npos) {
-    c->profile = FF_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN;
+    c->profile = AV_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN;
   }
 }
 
@@ -120,8 +120,7 @@ bool set_lantency_free(void *priv_data, const std::string &name) {
   }
   if (name.find("amf") != std::string::npos) {
     if ((ret = av_opt_set(priv_data, "query_timeout", "1000", 0)) < 0) {
-      LOG_ERROR(std::string("amf set_lantency_free failed, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
-      return false;
+      LOG_WARN(std::string("amf query_timeout option is unavailable, ret = ") + av_err2str(ret));
     }
   }
   if (name.find("qsv") != std::string::npos) {

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_capture.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
+#define NOMINMAX
+#include "ffmpeg_capture_ffi.h"
+
+#include <Windows.h>
+#include <dshow.h>
+#include <dvdmedia.h>
+extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/codec_id.h>
+#include <libavdevice/avdevice.h>
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libavutil/avutil.h>
+#include <libavutil/error.h>
+#include <libavutil/pixfmt.h>
+}
+#include <atomic>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "strmiids")
+
+thread_local std::string g_last_error;
+
+struct HwcodecDshowCaptureContext {
+  AVFormatContext* format_ctx = nullptr;
+  int stream_index = -1;
+  int width = 0;
+  int height = 0;
+  int pixel_format = HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  int stride = 0;
+  int timeout_ms = 2000;
+  std::atomic<long long> deadline_ms{0};
+  std::atomic<int> timed_out{0};
+  uint64_t sequence = 0;
+};
+
+namespace {
+struct DshowCapabilityEntry {
+  std::string format;
+  int width = 0;
+  int height = 0;
+  std::vector<int> fps;
+};
+
+const char* requested_pixel_format_name(int requested_format);
+
+void set_last_error(const std::string& message) {
+  g_last_error = message;
+}
+
+std::string ffmpeg_error(int errnum) {
+  char buffer[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE] = {0};
+  av_make_error_string(buffer, sizeof(buffer), errnum);
+  return std::string(buffer);
+}
+
+long long now_ms() {
+  return static_cast<long long>(GetTickCount64());
+}
+
+std::string wide_to_utf8(const wchar_t* value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    return std::string();
+  }
+  int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, value, -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+  if (size <= 1) {
+    return std::string();
+  }
+  std::string result(static_cast<size_t>(size - 1), '\0');
+  WideCharToMultiByte(
+      CP_UTF8,
+      0,
+      value,
+      -1,
+      result.empty() ? nullptr : &result[0],
+      size,
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr);
+  return result;
+}
+
+void add_fps_candidate(std::vector<int>* fps, LONGLONG interval_100ns) {
+  if (!fps || interval_100ns <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  double fps_value = 10000000.0 / static_cast<double>(interval_100ns);
+  int rounded = static_cast<int>(fps_value + 0.5);
+  if (rounded <= 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (std::find(fps->begin(), fps->end(), rounded) == fps->end()) {
+    fps->push_back(rounded);
+  }
+}
+
+void normalize_fps(std::vector<int>* fps) {
+  if (!fps) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::sort(fps->begin(), fps->end(), std::greater<int>());
+  fps->erase(std::unique(fps->begin(), fps->end()), fps->end());
+}
+
+const char* media_subtype_to_format(const GUID& subtype) {
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_MJPG) {
+    return "MJPEG";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_YUY2) {
+    return "YUYV";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_UYVY) {
+    return "UYVY";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_YVYU) {
+    return "YVYU";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_NV12) {
+    return "NV12";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_RGB24) {
+    return "RGB24";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_RGB32) {
+    return "BGR24";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_IYUV) {
+    return "YUV420";
+  }
+  if (subtype == MEDIASUBTYPE_YV12) {
+    return "YVU420";
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void free_media_type(AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type) {
+  if (!media_type) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (media_type->cbFormat != 0) {
+    CoTaskMemFree(media_type->pbFormat);
+    media_type->cbFormat = 0;
+    media_type->pbFormat = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (media_type->pUnk != nullptr) {
+    media_type->pUnk->Release();
+    media_type->pUnk = nullptr;
+  }
+  CoTaskMemFree(media_type);
+}
+
+bool fill_capability_entry(
+    const AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type,
+    const VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS* caps,
+    DshowCapabilityEntry* out_entry) {
+  if (!media_type || !out_entry) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const char* format = media_subtype_to_format(media_type->subtype);
+  if (!format) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  LONG width = 0;
+  LONG height = 0;
+  REFERENCE_TIME avg_time_per_frame = 0;
+
+  if (media_type->formattype == FORMAT_VideoInfo && media_type->pbFormat &&
+      media_type->cbFormat >= sizeof(VIDEOINFOHEADER)) {
+    const auto* info = reinterpret_cast<const VIDEOINFOHEADER*>(media_type->pbFormat);
+    width = info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+    height = std::abs(info->bmiHeader.biHeight);
+    avg_time_per_frame = info->AvgTimePerFrame;
+  } else if (media_type->formattype == FORMAT_VideoInfo2 && media_type->pbFormat &&
+             media_type->cbFormat >= sizeof(VIDEOINFOHEADER2)) {
+    const auto* info = reinterpret_cast<const VIDEOINFOHEADER2*>(media_type->pbFormat);
+    width = info->bmiHeader.biWidth;
+    height = std::abs(info->bmiHeader.biHeight);
+    avg_time_per_frame = info->AvgTimePerFrame;
+  }
+
+  if ((width <= 0 || height <= 0) && caps) {
+    width = std::max<LONG>(caps->InputSize.cx, caps->MinOutputSize.cx);
+    height = std::max<LONG>(caps->InputSize.cy, caps->MinOutputSize.cy);
+    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+      width = caps->MaxOutputSize.cx;
+      height = caps->MaxOutputSize.cy;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  out_entry->format = format;
+  out_entry->width = static_cast<int>(width);
+  out_entry->height = static_cast<int>(height);
+  out_entry->fps.clear();
+
+  add_fps_candidate(&out_entry->fps, avg_time_per_frame);
+  if (caps) {
+    add_fps_candidate(&out_entry->fps, caps->MinFrameInterval);
+    add_fps_candidate(&out_entry->fps, caps->MaxFrameInterval);
+  }
+  normalize_fps(&out_entry->fps);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void append_stream_capabilities(IAMStreamConfig* stream_config, std::vector<DshowCapabilityEntry>* entries) {
+  if (!stream_config || !entries) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int cap_count = 0;
+  int cap_size = 0;
+  HRESULT hr = stream_config->GetNumberOfCapabilities(&cap_count, &cap_size);
+  if (FAILED(hr) || cap_count <= 0 || cap_size < static_cast<int>(sizeof(VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS))) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<BYTE> caps_buffer(static_cast<size_t>(cap_size));
+  for (int index = 0; index < cap_count; ++index) {
+    AM_MEDIA_TYPE* media_type = nullptr;
+    hr = stream_config->GetStreamCaps(index, &media_type, caps_buffer.data());
+    if (FAILED(hr) || !media_type) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    DshowCapabilityEntry entry;
+    const auto* caps = reinterpret_cast<const VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS*>(caps_buffer.data());
+    if (fill_capability_entry(media_type, caps, &entry)) {
+      entries->push_back(std::move(entry));
+    }
+
+    free_media_type(media_type);
+  }
+}
+
+bool find_device_filter(const std::string& device_name, IBaseFilter** out_filter) {
+  if (!out_filter) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out_filter = nullptr;
+
+  ICreateDevEnum* dev_enum = nullptr;
+  IEnumMoniker* enum_moniker = nullptr;
+  HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
+      CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum,
+      nullptr,
+      CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
+      IID_ICreateDevEnum,
+      reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dev_enum));
+  if (FAILED(hr) || !dev_enum) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  hr = dev_enum->CreateClassEnumerator(CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory, &enum_moniker, 0);
+  dev_enum->Release();
+  if (hr != S_OK || !enum_moniker) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool found = false;
+  IMoniker* moniker = nullptr;
+  ULONG fetched = 0;
+  while (!found && enum_moniker->Next(1, &moniker, &fetched) == S_OK) {
+    IPropertyBag* bag = nullptr;
+    hr = moniker->BindToStorage(nullptr, nullptr, IID_IPropertyBag, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&bag));
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && bag) {
+      VARIANT name;
+      VariantInit(&name);
+      if (SUCCEEDED(bag->Read(L"FriendlyName", &name, nullptr)) && name.vt == VT_BSTR) {
+        auto utf8_name = wide_to_utf8(name.bstrVal);
+        if (utf8_name == device_name) {
+          hr = moniker->BindToObject(nullptr, nullptr, IID_IBaseFilter, reinterpret_cast<void**>(out_filter));
+          found = SUCCEEDED(hr) && *out_filter != nullptr;
+        }
+      }
+      VariantClear(&name);
+      bag->Release();
+    }
+    moniker->Release();
+  }
+  enum_moniker->Release();
+  return found;
+}
+
+std::string build_capabilities_payload(const std::vector<DshowCapabilityEntry>& entries) {
+  std::string payload;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < entries.size(); ++i) {
+    const auto& entry = entries[i];
+    payload += entry.format;
+    payload.push_back('|');
+    payload += std::to_string(entry.width);
+    payload.push_back('|');
+    payload += std::to_string(entry.height);
+    payload.push_back('|');
+    for (size_t fps_index = 0; fps_index < entry.fps.size(); ++fps_index) {
+      payload += std::to_string(entry.fps[fps_index]);
+      if (fps_index + 1 < entry.fps.size()) {
+        payload.push_back(',');
+      }
+    }
+    if (i + 1 < entries.size()) {
+      payload.push_back('\n');
+    }
+  }
+  return payload;
+}
+
+char* copy_payload(const std::string& payload) {
+  char* out = reinterpret_cast<char*>(std::malloc(payload.size() + 1));
+  if (!out) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to allocate capture payload buffer");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::memcpy(out, payload.c_str(), payload.size() + 1);
+  return out;
+}
+
+int open_dshow_input_with_options(
+    AVFormatContext** format_ctx,
+    const AVInputFormat* input,
+    const std::string& device_name,
+    int width,
+    int height,
+    int fps,
+    int requested_format,
+    bool use_video_size,
+    bool use_framerate,
+    bool use_pixel_format,
+    std::string* attempt_desc) {
+  if (!format_ctx || !input) {
+    return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+  }
+
+  AVDictionary* options = nullptr;
+  std::vector<std::string> parts;
+
+  if (use_video_size && width > 0 && height > 0) {
+    std::string video_size = std::to_string(width) + "x" + std::to_string(height);
+    av_dict_set(&options, "video_size", video_size.c_str(), 0);
+    parts.push_back("video_size=" + video_size);
+  }
+  if (use_framerate && fps > 0) {
+    std::string framerate = std::to_string(fps);
+    av_dict_set(&options, "framerate", framerate.c_str(), 0);
+    parts.push_back("framerate=" + framerate);
+  }
+
+  av_dict_set(&options, "rtbufsize", "64M", 0);
+  parts.push_back("rtbufsize=64M");
+
+  const char* pixel_format_name = requested_pixel_format_name(requested_format);
+  if (use_pixel_format && pixel_format_name) {
+    av_dict_set(&options, "pixel_format", pixel_format_name, 0);
+    parts.push_back(std::string("pixel_format=") + pixel_format_name);
+  }
+
+  if (attempt_desc) {
+    *attempt_desc = parts.empty() ? "default options" : "options{";
+    if (!parts.empty()) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < parts.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          attempt_desc->append(", ");
+        }
+        attempt_desc->append(parts[i]);
+      }
+      attempt_desc->append("}");
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string input_name = "video=" + device_name;
+  int ret = avformat_open_input(format_ctx, input_name.c_str(), input, &options);
+  av_dict_free(&options);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+class ScopedComInit {
+ public:
+  ScopedComInit() {
+    HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(nullptr, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
+    initialized_ = hr == S_OK || hr == S_FALSE;
+  }
+
+  ~ScopedComInit() {
+    if (initialized_) {
+      CoUninitialize();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool initialized_ = false;
+};
+
+int capture_stride(int pixel_format, int width) {
+  switch (pixel_format) {
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY:
+      return width * 2;
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24:
+      return width * 3;
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24:
+      return width * 2;
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG:
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG:
+    default:
+      return width;
+  }
+}
+
+int map_raw_pixfmt(int format) {
+  switch (format) {
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY;
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU;
+#endif
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV12:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV21:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21;
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_NV16
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV16:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16;
+#endif
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_NV24
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV24:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24;
+#endif
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420;
+#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_YVU420P
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_YVU420P:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420;
+#endif
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY;
+    default:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+}
+
+int map_codec_to_capture_format(const AVCodecParameters* codecpar) {
+  if (!codecpar) {
+    return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+
+  switch (codecpar->codec_id) {
+    case AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG;
+    case AV_CODEC_ID_JPEG2000:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG;
+    case AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO:
+      return map_raw_pixfmt(codecpar->format);
+    default:
+      return HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN;
+  }
+}
+
+int interrupt_callback(void* opaque) {
+  auto* ctx = reinterpret_cast<HwcodecDshowCaptureContext*>(opaque);
+  if (!ctx) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  auto deadline = ctx->deadline_ms.load();
+  if (deadline <= 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (now_ms() > deadline) {
+    ctx->timed_out.store(1);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+const char* requested_pixel_format_name(int requested_format) {
+  switch (requested_format) {
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV:
+      return "yuyv422";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY:
+      return "uyvy422";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12:
+      return "nv12";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21:
+      return "nv21";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24:
+      return "rgb24";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24:
+      return "bgr24";
+    case HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY:
+      return "gray";
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+extern "C" const char* hwcodec_capture_last_error(void) {
+  return g_last_error.c_str();
+}
+
+extern "C" char* hwcodec_dshow_list_video_devices(void) {
+  ScopedComInit com;
+
+  ICreateDevEnum* dev_enum = nullptr;
+  IEnumMoniker* enum_moniker = nullptr;
+  HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
+      CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum,
+      nullptr,
+      CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
+      IID_ICreateDevEnum,
+      reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dev_enum));
+  if (FAILED(hr)) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to create DirectShow device enumerator");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  hr = dev_enum->CreateClassEnumerator(CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory, &enum_moniker, 0);
+  dev_enum->Release();
+  if (hr != S_OK || !enum_moniker) {
+    char* out = reinterpret_cast<char*>(std::malloc(1));
+    if (out) {
+      out[0] = '\0';
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> devices;
+  IMoniker* moniker = nullptr;
+  ULONG fetched = 0;
+  while (enum_moniker->Next(1, &moniker, &fetched) == S_OK) {
+    IPropertyBag* bag = nullptr;
+    hr = moniker->BindToStorage(nullptr, nullptr, IID_IPropertyBag, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&bag));
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && bag) {
+      VARIANT name;
+      VariantInit(&name);
+      if (SUCCEEDED(bag->Read(L"FriendlyName", &name, nullptr)) && name.vt == VT_BSTR) {
+        auto utf8_name = wide_to_utf8(name.bstrVal);
+        if (!utf8_name.empty()) {
+          devices.push_back(utf8_name);
+        }
+      }
+      VariantClear(&name);
+      bag->Release();
+    }
+    moniker->Release();
+  }
+  enum_moniker->Release();
+
+  std::string payload;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); ++i) {
+    payload += devices[i];
+    if (i + 1 < devices.size()) {
+      payload.push_back('\n');
+    }
+  }
+
+  return copy_payload(payload);
+}
+
+extern "C" char* hwcodec_dshow_list_device_capabilities(const char* device_name) {
+  if (!device_name || device_name[0] == '\0') {
+    set_last_error("DirectShow device name is empty");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  ScopedComInit com;
+  IBaseFilter* filter = nullptr;
+  if (!find_device_filter(device_name, &filter) || !filter) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to find DirectShow device filter");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<DshowCapabilityEntry> entries;
+  IEnumPins* enum_pins = nullptr;
+  HRESULT hr = filter->EnumPins(&enum_pins);
+  if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && enum_pins) {
+    IPin* pin = nullptr;
+    ULONG fetched = 0;
+    while (enum_pins->Next(1, &pin, &fetched) == S_OK) {
+      PIN_DIRECTION direction = PINDIR_INPUT;
+      if (SUCCEEDED(pin->QueryDirection(&direction)) && direction == PINDIR_OUTPUT) {
+        IAMStreamConfig* stream_config = nullptr;
+        if (SUCCEEDED(pin->QueryInterface(IID_IAMStreamConfig, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&stream_config))) &&
+            stream_config) {
+          append_stream_capabilities(stream_config, &entries);
+          stream_config->Release();
+        }
+      }
+      pin->Release();
+    }
+    enum_pins->Release();
+  }
+  filter->Release();
+
+  std::sort(entries.begin(), entries.end(), [](const DshowCapabilityEntry& left, const DshowCapabilityEntry& right) {
+    if (left.format != right.format) {
+      return left.format < right.format;
+    }
+    if (left.width != right.width) {
+      return left.width < right.width;
+    }
+    if (left.height != right.height) {
+      return left.height < right.height;
+    }
+    return left.fps > right.fps;
+  });
+  entries.erase(
+      std::unique(entries.begin(), entries.end(), [](const DshowCapabilityEntry& left, const DshowCapabilityEntry& right) {
+        return left.format == right.format && left.width == right.width && left.height == right.height && left.fps == right.fps;
+      }),
+      entries.end());
+
+  return copy_payload(build_capabilities_payload(entries));
+}
+
+extern "C" void hwcodec_capture_string_free(char* ptr) {
+  if (ptr) {
+    std::free(ptr);
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* hwcodec_dshow_capture_open(
+    const char* device_name,
+    int width,
+    int height,
+    int fps,
+    int requested_format,
+    int timeout_ms) {
+  if (!device_name || device_name[0] == '\0') {
+    set_last_error("Device name is empty");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  avdevice_register_all();
+
+  const AVInputFormat* input = av_find_input_format("dshow");
+  if (!input) {
+    set_last_error("FFmpeg dshow input format is unavailable");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  auto* ctx = new HwcodecDshowCaptureContext();
+  ctx->timeout_ms = timeout_ms > 0 ? timeout_ms : 2000;
+  ctx->format_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
+  if (!ctx->format_ctx) {
+    delete ctx;
+    set_last_error("Failed to allocate FFmpeg format context");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.callback = interrupt_callback;
+  ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.opaque = ctx;
+
+  std::string open_attempt;
+  int ret = open_dshow_input_with_options(
+      &ctx->format_ctx,
+      input,
+      device_name,
+      width,
+      height,
+      fps,
+      requested_format,
+      true,
+      true,
+      true,
+      &open_attempt);
+
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    avformat_free_context(ctx->format_ctx);
+    ctx->format_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
+    if (!ctx->format_ctx) {
+      delete ctx;
+      set_last_error("Failed to allocate FFmpeg format context for fallback open");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.callback = interrupt_callback;
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.opaque = ctx;
+
+    std::string fallback_attempt;
+    ret = open_dshow_input_with_options(
+        &ctx->format_ctx,
+        input,
+        device_name,
+        width,
+        height,
+        fps,
+        requested_format,
+        true,
+        false,
+        true,
+        &fallback_attempt);
+    if (ret >= 0) {
+      open_attempt = fallback_attempt;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    avformat_free_context(ctx->format_ctx);
+    ctx->format_ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
+    if (!ctx->format_ctx) {
+      delete ctx;
+      set_last_error("Failed to allocate FFmpeg format context for final fallback open");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.callback = interrupt_callback;
+    ctx->format_ctx->interrupt_callback.opaque = ctx;
+
+    std::string fallback_attempt;
+    ret = open_dshow_input_with_options(
+        &ctx->format_ctx,
+        input,
+        device_name,
+        width,
+        height,
+        fps,
+        requested_format,
+        false,
+        false,
+        false,
+        &fallback_attempt);
+    if (ret >= 0) {
+      open_attempt = fallback_attempt;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to open dshow input (" + open_attempt + "): " + ffmpeg_error(ret));
+    avformat_free_context(ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ctx->format_ctx, nullptr);
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    set_last_error("Failed to read stream info: " + ffmpeg_error(ret));
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ctx->format_ctx->nb_streams; ++i) {
+    AVStream* stream = ctx->format_ctx->streams[i];
+    if (stream && stream->codecpar && stream->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
+      ctx->stream_index = static_cast<int>(i);
+      ctx->width = stream->codecpar->width > 0 ? stream->codecpar->width : width;
+      ctx->height = stream->codecpar->height > 0 ? stream->codecpar->height : height;
+      ctx->pixel_format = map_codec_to_capture_format(stream->codecpar);
+      ctx->stride = capture_stride(ctx->pixel_format, ctx->width);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ctx->stream_index < 0) {
+    set_last_error("No video stream found on DirectShow device");
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (ctx->pixel_format == HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN) {
+    set_last_error("DirectShow stream format is unsupported in current Windows backend");
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+    delete ctx;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return ctx;
+}
+
+extern "C" int hwcodec_dshow_capture_info(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo* out_info) {
+  if (!ctx || !out_info) {
+    set_last_error("Invalid capture context");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  out_info->width = ctx->width;
+  out_info->height = ctx->height;
+  out_info->pixel_format = ctx->pixel_format;
+  out_info->stride = ctx->stride;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int hwcodec_dshow_capture_read(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    uint8_t** out_data,
+    int* out_len,
+    uint64_t* out_sequence) {
+  if (!ctx || !out_data || !out_len || !out_sequence) {
+    set_last_error("Invalid capture read arguments");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  *out_data = nullptr;
+  *out_len = 0;
+  *out_sequence = 0;
+
+  AVPacket packet;
+  av_init_packet(&packet);
+  packet.data = nullptr;
+  packet.size = 0;
+
+  while (true) {
+    ctx->timed_out.store(0);
+    ctx->deadline_ms.store(now_ms() + ctx->timeout_ms);
+    int ret = av_read_frame(ctx->format_ctx, &packet);
+    ctx->deadline_ms.store(0);
+
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      if (ctx->timed_out.load() != 0) {
+        set_last_error("Timed out waiting for frame");
+        return -110;
+      }
+      set_last_error("Failed to read frame: " + ffmpeg_error(ret));
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (packet.stream_index != ctx->stream_index) {
+      av_packet_unref(&packet);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (packet.size <= 0 || !packet.data) {
+      av_packet_unref(&packet);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto* buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(std::malloc(static_cast<size_t>(packet.size)));
+    if (!buffer) {
+      av_packet_unref(&packet);
+      set_last_error("Failed to allocate packet buffer");
+      return -12;
+    }
+
+    std::memcpy(buffer, packet.data, static_cast<size_t>(packet.size));
+    *out_data = buffer;
+    *out_len = packet.size;
+    *out_sequence = ctx->sequence++;
+    av_packet_unref(&packet);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void hwcodec_dshow_capture_packet_free(uint8_t* data) {
+  if (data) {
+    std::free(data);
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void hwcodec_dshow_capture_close(HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx) {
+  if (!ctx) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (ctx->format_ctx) {
+    avformat_close_input(&ctx->format_ctx);
+  }
+  delete ctx;
+}

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_capture_ffi.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#ifndef HWCODEC_FFMPEG_CAPTURE_FFI_H
+#define HWCODEC_FFMPEG_CAPTURE_FFI_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct HwcodecDshowCaptureContext HwcodecDshowCaptureContext;
+
+enum HwcodecCapturePixelFormat {
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG = 1,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG = 2,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV = 3,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU = 4,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY = 5,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12 = 6,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21 = 7,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16 = 8,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24 = 9,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420 = 10,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420 = 11,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24 = 12,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24 = 13,
+  HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY = 14,
+};
+
+typedef struct HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo {
+  int width;
+  int height;
+  int pixel_format;
+  int stride;
+} HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo;
+
+const char* hwcodec_capture_last_error(void);
+char* hwcodec_dshow_list_video_devices(void);
+char* hwcodec_dshow_list_device_capabilities(const char* device_name);
+void hwcodec_capture_string_free(char* ptr);
+
+HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* hwcodec_dshow_capture_open(
+    const char* device_name,
+    int width,
+    int height,
+    int fps,
+    int requested_format,
+    int timeout_ms);
+int hwcodec_dshow_capture_info(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo* out_info);
+int hwcodec_dshow_capture_read(
+    HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx,
+    uint8_t** out_data,
+    int* out_len,
+    uint64_t* out_sequence);
+void hwcodec_dshow_capture_packet_free(uint8_t* data);
+void hwcodec_dshow_capture_close(HwcodecDshowCaptureContext* ctx);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_hw/ffmpeg_hw_mjpeg_h26x.cpp

@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ extern "C" int ffmpeg_hw_mjpeg_h26x_encode(FfmpegHwMjpegH26x* handle,
   *out_data = nullptr;
   *out_len = 0;
   *out_keyframe = 0;
+  bool encoded = false;
 
   av_packet_unref(ctx->dec_pkt);
   int ret = av_new_packet(ctx->dec_pkt, len);
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ extern "C" int ffmpeg_hw_mjpeg_h26x_encode(FfmpegHwMjpegH26x* handle,
   while (true) {
     ret = avcodec_receive_frame(ctx->dec_ctx, ctx->dec_frame);
     if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
-      return 0;
+      return encoded ? 1 : 0;
     }
     if (ret < 0) {
       set_last_error(make_err("avcodec_receive_frame failed", ret));
@@ -370,33 +371,40 @@ extern "C" int ffmpeg_hw_mjpeg_h26x_encode(FfmpegHwMjpegH26x* handle,
       return -1;
     }
 
-    av_packet_unref(ctx->enc_pkt);
-    ret = avcodec_receive_packet(ctx->enc_ctx, ctx->enc_pkt);
-    if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
-      av_frame_unref(ctx->dec_frame);
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      set_last_error(make_err("avcodec_receive_packet failed", ret));
-      av_frame_unref(ctx->dec_frame);
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (ctx->enc_pkt->size > 0) {
-      uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(ctx->enc_pkt->size);
-      if (!buf) {
-        set_last_error("malloc for output packet failed");
+    while (true) {
+      av_packet_unref(ctx->enc_pkt);
+      ret = avcodec_receive_packet(ctx->enc_ctx, ctx->enc_pkt);
+      if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (ret < 0) {
+        set_last_error(make_err("avcodec_receive_packet failed", ret));
         av_packet_unref(ctx->enc_pkt);
         av_frame_unref(ctx->dec_frame);
         return -1;
       }
-      memcpy(buf, ctx->enc_pkt->data, ctx->enc_pkt->size);
-      *out_data = buf;
-      *out_len = ctx->enc_pkt->size;
-      *out_keyframe = (ctx->enc_pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) ? 1 : 0;
-      av_packet_unref(ctx->enc_pkt);
-      av_frame_unref(ctx->dec_frame);
-      return 1;
+
+      if (ctx->enc_pkt->size <= 0) {
+        set_last_error("avcodec_receive_packet failed, pkt size is 0");
+        av_packet_unref(ctx->enc_pkt);
+        av_frame_unref(ctx->dec_frame);
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      if (!encoded) {
+        uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t*)malloc(ctx->enc_pkt->size);
+        if (!buf) {
+          set_last_error("malloc for output packet failed");
+          av_packet_unref(ctx->enc_pkt);
+          av_frame_unref(ctx->dec_frame);
+          return -1;
+        }
+        memcpy(buf, ctx->enc_pkt->data, ctx->enc_pkt->size);
+        *out_data = buf;
+        *out_len = ctx->enc_pkt->size;
+        *out_keyframe = (ctx->enc_pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) ? 1 : 0;
+        encoded = true;
+      }
     }
 
     av_frame_unref(ctx->dec_frame);

libs/hwcodec/cpp/ffmpeg_ram/ffmpeg_ram_encode.cpp

@@ -30,9 +30,15 @@ static int calculate_offset_length(int pix_fmt, int height, const int *linesize,
     *length = offset[1] + linesize[2] * height / 2;
     break;
   case AV_PIX_FMT_NV12:
+  case AV_PIX_FMT_NV21:
     offset[0] = linesize[0] * height;
     *length = offset[0] + linesize[1] * height / 2;
     break;
+  case AV_PIX_FMT_NV16:
+  case AV_PIX_FMT_NV24:
+    offset[0] = linesize[0] * height;
+    *length = offset[0] + linesize[1] * height;
+    break;
   case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:
   case AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422:
   case AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422:
@@ -41,6 +47,11 @@ static int calculate_offset_length(int pix_fmt, int height, const int *linesize,
     offset[0] = 0;  // Only one plane
     *length = linesize[0] * height;
     break;
+  case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:
+  case AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24:
+    offset[0] = 0;  // Only one plane
+    *length = linesize[0] * height;
+    break;
   default:
     LOG_ERROR(std::string("unsupported pixfmt") + std::to_string(pix_fmt));
     return -1;
@@ -397,9 +408,23 @@ private:
                  const int *const offset) {
     switch (frame->format) {
     case AV_PIX_FMT_NV12:
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV21:
       if (data_length <
           frame->height * (frame->linesize[0] + frame->linesize[1] / 2)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: NV12 data length error. data_length:") +
+        LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: NV12/NV21 data length error. data_length:") +
+                  std::to_string(data_length) +
+                  ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
+                  ", linesize[1]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[1]));
+        return -1;
+      }
+      frame->data[0] = data;
+      frame->data[1] = data + offset[0];
+      break;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV16:
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_NV24:
+      if (data_length <
+          frame->height * (frame->linesize[0] + frame->linesize[1])) {
+        LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: NV16/NV24 data length error. data_length:") +
                   std::to_string(data_length) +
                   ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
                   ", linesize[1]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[1]));
@@ -436,6 +461,17 @@ private:
       }
       frame->data[0] = data;
       break;
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:
+    case AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24:
+      if (data_length < frame->height * frame->linesize[0]) {
+        LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: RGB24/BGR24 data length error. data_length:") +
+                  std::to_string(data_length) +
+                  ", linesize[0]:" + std::to_string(frame->linesize[0]) +
+                  ", height:" + std::to_string(frame->height));
+        return -1;
+      }
+      frame->data[0] = data;
+      break;
     default:
       LOG_ERROR(std::string("fill_frame: unsupported format, ") +
                 std::to_string(frame->format));

libs/hwcodec/src/capture.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+
+use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
+use std::os::raw::c_int;
+
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/ffmpeg_capture_ffi.rs"));
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CapturePixelFormat {
+    Unknown,
+    Mjpeg,
+    Jpeg,
+    Yuyv,
+    Yvyu,
+    Uyvy,
+    Nv12,
+    Nv21,
+    Nv16,
+    Nv24,
+    Yuv420,
+    Yvu420,
+    Rgb24,
+    Bgr24,
+    Grey,
+}
+
+impl CapturePixelFormat {
+    pub fn to_ffi(self) -> c_int {
+        match self {
+            Self::Unknown => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN as c_int,
+            Self::Mjpeg => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG as c_int,
+            Self::Jpeg => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG as c_int,
+            Self::Yuyv => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV as c_int,
+            Self::Yvyu => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU as c_int,
+            Self::Uyvy => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY as c_int,
+            Self::Nv12 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12 as c_int,
+            Self::Nv21 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21 as c_int,
+            Self::Nv16 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16 as c_int,
+            Self::Nv24 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24 as c_int,
+            Self::Yuv420 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420 as c_int,
+            Self::Yvu420 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420 as c_int,
+            Self::Rgb24 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24 as c_int,
+            Self::Bgr24 => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24 as c_int,
+            Self::Grey => HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY as c_int,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_ffi(value: c_int) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_MJPEG as c_int => Self::Mjpeg,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_JPEG as c_int => Self::Jpeg,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUYV as c_int => Self::Yuyv,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVYU as c_int => Self::Yvyu,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UYVY as c_int => Self::Uyvy,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV12 as c_int => Self::Nv12,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV21 as c_int => Self::Nv21,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV16 as c_int => Self::Nv16,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_NV24 as c_int => Self::Nv24,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YUV420 as c_int => {
+                Self::Yuv420
+            }
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_YVU420 as c_int => {
+                Self::Yvu420
+            }
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_RGB24 as c_int => Self::Rgb24,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_BGR24 as c_int => Self::Bgr24,
+            x if x == HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_GREY as c_int => Self::Grey,
+            _ => Self::Unknown,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match name.trim().to_ascii_uppercase().as_str() {
+            "MJPEG" | "MJPG" => Some(Self::Mjpeg),
+            "JPEG" => Some(Self::Jpeg),
+            "YUYV" => Some(Self::Yuyv),
+            "YVYU" => Some(Self::Yvyu),
+            "UYVY" => Some(Self::Uyvy),
+            "NV12" => Some(Self::Nv12),
+            "NV21" => Some(Self::Nv21),
+            "NV16" => Some(Self::Nv16),
+            "NV24" => Some(Self::Nv24),
+            "YUV420" | "I420" | "IYUV" => Some(Self::Yuv420),
+            "YVU420" | "YV12" => Some(Self::Yvu420),
+            "RGB24" => Some(Self::Rgb24),
+            "BGR24" => Some(Self::Bgr24),
+            "GREY" | "GRAY" | "Y800" => Some(Self::Grey),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DshowCapability {
+    pub format: CapturePixelFormat,
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub fps: Vec<u32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct CaptureStreamInfo {
+    pub width: i32,
+    pub height: i32,
+    pub pixel_format: CapturePixelFormat,
+    pub stride: i32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct CaptureError {
+    pub code: i32,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for CaptureError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.message)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for CaptureError {}
+
+fn last_error_message() -> String {
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = hwcodec_capture_last_error();
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return String::new();
+        }
+        CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy().to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn list_dshow_video_devices() -> Result<Vec<String>, CaptureError> {
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = hwcodec_dshow_list_video_devices();
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return Err(CaptureError {
+                code: -1,
+                message: last_error_message(),
+            });
+        }
+        let payload = CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        hwcodec_capture_string_free(ptr as *mut _);
+        Ok(payload
+            .lines()
+            .map(str::trim)
+            .filter(|line| !line.is_empty())
+            .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+            .collect())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn list_dshow_device_capabilities(device_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<DshowCapability>, CaptureError> {
+    let device_name = CString::new(device_name).map_err(|_| CaptureError {
+        code: -1,
+        message: "device name contains NUL byte".to_string(),
+    })?;
+
+    unsafe {
+        let ptr = hwcodec_dshow_list_device_capabilities(device_name.as_ptr());
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            return Err(CaptureError {
+                code: -1,
+                message: last_error_message(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let payload = CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        hwcodec_capture_string_free(ptr as *mut _);
+
+        let capabilities = payload
+            .lines()
+            .filter_map(parse_dshow_capability_line)
+            .collect();
+        Ok(capabilities)
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_dshow_capability_line(line: &str) -> Option<DshowCapability> {
+    let mut parts = line.split('|');
+    let format = CapturePixelFormat::from_name(parts.next()?.trim())?;
+    let width = parts.next()?.trim().parse::<u32>().ok()?;
+    let height = parts.next()?.trim().parse::<u32>().ok()?;
+    let fps = parts
+        .next()
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .split(',')
+        .filter_map(|value| value.trim().parse::<u32>().ok())
+        .filter(|value| *value > 0)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    Some(DshowCapability {
+        format,
+        width,
+        height,
+        fps,
+    })
+}
+
+pub struct DshowCapture {
+    ctx: *mut HwcodecDshowCaptureContext,
+}
+
+unsafe impl Send for DshowCapture {}
+
+impl DshowCapture {
+    pub fn open(
+        device_name: &str,
+        width: i32,
+        height: i32,
+        fps: i32,
+        requested_format: CapturePixelFormat,
+        timeout_ms: i32,
+    ) -> Result<Self, CaptureError> {
+        let device_name = CString::new(device_name).map_err(|_| CaptureError {
+            code: -1,
+            message: "device name contains NUL byte".to_string(),
+        })?;
+        unsafe {
+            let ctx = hwcodec_dshow_capture_open(
+                device_name.as_ptr(),
+                width,
+                height,
+                fps,
+                requested_format.to_ffi(),
+                timeout_ms,
+            );
+            if ctx.is_null() {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: -1,
+                    message: last_error_message(),
+                });
+            }
+            Ok(Self { ctx })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn info(&self) -> Result<CaptureStreamInfo, CaptureError> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut info = HwcodecCaptureStreamInfo {
+                width: 0,
+                height: 0,
+                pixel_format: HwcodecCapturePixelFormat::HWCODEC_CAPTURE_FMT_UNKNOWN as c_int,
+                stride: 0,
+            };
+            let ret = hwcodec_dshow_capture_info(self.ctx, &mut info);
+            if ret != 0 {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: ret,
+                    message: last_error_message(),
+                });
+            }
+            Ok(CaptureStreamInfo {
+                width: info.width,
+                height: info.height,
+                pixel_format: CapturePixelFormat::from_ffi(info.pixel_format),
+                stride: info.stride,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_packet(&mut self) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, u64), CaptureError> {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut data = std::ptr::null_mut();
+            let mut len = 0;
+            let mut sequence = 0u64;
+            let ret = hwcodec_dshow_capture_read(self.ctx, &mut data, &mut len, &mut sequence);
+            if ret != 0 {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: ret,
+                    message: last_error_message(),
+                });
+            }
+            if data.is_null() || len <= 0 {
+                return Err(CaptureError {
+                    code: -1,
+                    message: "empty packet returned by capture backend".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+            let slice = std::slice::from_raw_parts(data, len as usize);
+            let vec = slice.to_vec();
+            hwcodec_dshow_capture_packet_free(data);
+            Ok((vec, sequence))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for DshowCapture {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            hwcodec_dshow_capture_close(self.ctx);
+        }
+        self.ctx = std::ptr::null_mut();
+    }
+}

libs/hwcodec/src/ffmpeg.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/ffmpeg_ffi.rs"));
 
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::env;
+use std::{env, ffi::CString};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum AVHWDeviceType {
@@ -59,6 +59,22 @@ pub(crate) fn init_av_log() {
     });
 }
 
+pub fn resolve_pixel_format(name: &str, fallback: AVPixelFormat) -> i32 {
+    let c_name = match CString::new(name) {
+        Ok(name) => name,
+        Err(_) => return fallback as i32,
+    };
+
+    unsafe {
+        let resolved = av_get_pix_fmt(c_name.as_ptr());
+        if resolved >= 0 {
+            resolved
+        } else {
+            fallback as i32
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn parse_ffmpeg_log_level() -> i32 {
     let raw = match env::var("ONE_KVM_FFMPEG_LOG") {
         Ok(value) => value,

libs/hwcodec/src/ffmpeg_ram/encode.rs

@@ -15,12 +15,418 @@ use std::{
     slice,
 };
 
-use super::Priority;
 #[cfg(any(windows, target_os = "linux"))]
 use crate::common::Driver;
 
 /// Timeout for encoder test in milliseconds
 const TEST_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 3000;
+const PRIORITY_NVENC: i32 = 0;
+const PRIORITY_QSV: i32 = 1;
+const PRIORITY_AMF: i32 = 2;
+const PRIORITY_RKMPP: i32 = 3;
+const PRIORITY_VAAPI: i32 = 4;
+const PRIORITY_V4L2M2M: i32 = 5;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct CandidateCodecSpec {
+    name: &'static str,
+    format: DataFormat,
+    priority: i32,
+}
+
+fn push_candidate(codecs: &mut Vec<CodecInfo>, candidate: CandidateCodecSpec) {
+    codecs.push(CodecInfo {
+        name: candidate.name.to_owned(),
+        format: candidate.format,
+        priority: candidate.priority,
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn linux_support_vaapi() -> bool {
+    let entries = match std::fs::read_dir("/dev/dri") {
+        Ok(entries) => entries,
+        Err(_) => return false,
+    };
+
+    entries.flatten().any(|entry| {
+        entry
+            .file_name()
+            .to_str()
+            .map(|name| name.starts_with("renderD"))
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+fn linux_support_vaapi() -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn linux_support_rkmpp() -> bool {
+    extern "C" {
+        fn linux_support_rkmpp() -> c_int;
+    }
+
+    unsafe { linux_support_rkmpp() == 0 }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+fn linux_support_rkmpp() -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn linux_support_v4l2m2m() -> bool {
+    extern "C" {
+        fn linux_support_v4l2m2m() -> c_int;
+    }
+
+    unsafe { linux_support_v4l2m2m() == 0 }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+fn linux_support_v4l2m2m() -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(windows, target_os = "linux"))]
+fn enumerate_candidate_codecs(ctx: &EncodeContext) -> Vec<CodecInfo> {
+    use log::debug;
+
+    let mut codecs = Vec::new();
+    let contains = |_vendor: Driver, _format: DataFormat| {
+        // Without VRAM feature, we can't check SDK availability.
+        // Keep the prefilter coarse and let FFmpeg validation do the real check.
+        true
+    };
+    let (nv, amf, intel) = crate::common::supported_gpu(true);
+
+    debug!(
+        "GPU support detected - NV: {}, AMF: {}, Intel: {}",
+        nv, amf, intel
+    );
+
+    if nv && contains(Driver::NV, H264) {
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "h264_nvenc",
+                format: H264,
+                priority: PRIORITY_NVENC,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if nv && contains(Driver::NV, H265) {
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "hevc_nvenc",
+                format: H265,
+                priority: PRIORITY_NVENC,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if intel && contains(Driver::MFX, H264) {
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "h264_qsv",
+                format: H264,
+                priority: PRIORITY_QSV,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if intel && contains(Driver::MFX, H265) {
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "hevc_qsv",
+                format: H265,
+                priority: PRIORITY_QSV,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if amf && contains(Driver::AMF, H264) {
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "h264_amf",
+                format: H264,
+                priority: PRIORITY_AMF,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if amf && contains(Driver::AMF, H265) {
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "hevc_amf",
+                format: H265,
+                priority: PRIORITY_AMF,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if linux_support_rkmpp() {
+        debug!("RKMPP hardware detected, adding Rockchip encoders");
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "h264_rkmpp",
+                format: H264,
+                priority: PRIORITY_RKMPP,
+            },
+        );
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "hevc_rkmpp",
+                format: H265,
+                priority: PRIORITY_RKMPP,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if cfg!(target_os = "linux") && linux_support_vaapi() {
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "h264_vaapi",
+                format: H264,
+                priority: PRIORITY_VAAPI,
+            },
+        );
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "hevc_vaapi",
+                format: H265,
+                priority: PRIORITY_VAAPI,
+            },
+        );
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "vp8_vaapi",
+                format: VP8,
+                priority: PRIORITY_VAAPI,
+            },
+        );
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "vp9_vaapi",
+                format: VP9,
+                priority: PRIORITY_VAAPI,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    if linux_support_v4l2m2m() {
+        debug!("V4L2 M2M hardware detected, adding V4L2 encoders");
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "h264_v4l2m2m",
+                format: H264,
+                priority: PRIORITY_V4L2M2M,
+            },
+        );
+        push_candidate(
+            &mut codecs,
+            CandidateCodecSpec {
+                name: "hevc_v4l2m2m",
+                format: H265,
+                priority: PRIORITY_V4L2M2M,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    codecs.retain(|codec| {
+        !(ctx.pixfmt == AVPixelFormat::AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P as i32 && codec.name.contains("qsv"))
+    });
+    codecs
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct ProbePolicy {
+    max_attempts: usize,
+    request_keyframe: bool,
+    accept_any_output: bool,
+}
+
+impl ProbePolicy {
+    fn for_codec(codec_name: &str) -> Self {
+        if codec_name.contains("amf") {
+            Self {
+                max_attempts: 5,
+                request_keyframe: true,
+                accept_any_output: true,
+            }
+        } else if codec_name.contains("v4l2m2m") {
+            Self {
+                max_attempts: 5,
+                request_keyframe: true,
+                accept_any_output: true,
+            }
+        } else {
+            Self {
+                max_attempts: 1,
+                request_keyframe: false,
+                accept_any_output: false,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn prepare_attempt(&self, encoder: &mut Encoder) {
+        if self.request_keyframe {
+            encoder.request_keyframe();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn passed(&self, frames: &[EncodeFrame], elapsed_ms: u128) -> bool {
+        if elapsed_ms >= TEST_TIMEOUT_MS as u128 {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if self.accept_any_output {
+            !frames.is_empty()
+        } else {
+            frames.len() == 1 && frames[0].key == 1
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn log_failed_probe_attempt(
+    codec_name: &str,
+    policy: ProbePolicy,
+    attempt: usize,
+    frames: &[EncodeFrame],
+    elapsed_ms: u128,
+) {
+    use log::debug;
+
+    if policy.accept_any_output {
+        if frames.is_empty() {
+            debug!(
+                "Encoder {} test produced no output on attempt {}",
+                codec_name, attempt
+            );
+        } else {
+            debug!(
+                "Encoder {} test failed on attempt {} - frames: {}, timeout: {}ms",
+                codec_name,
+                attempt,
+                frames.len(),
+                elapsed_ms
+            );
+        }
+    } else if frames.len() == 1 {
+        debug!(
+            "Encoder {} test failed on attempt {} - key: {}, timeout: {}ms",
+            codec_name, attempt, frames[0].key, elapsed_ms
+        );
+    } else {
+        debug!(
+            "Encoder {} test failed on attempt {} - wrong frame count: {}",
+            codec_name,
+            attempt,
+            frames.len()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_candidate(codec: &CodecInfo, ctx: &EncodeContext, yuv: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    use log::debug;
+
+    debug!("Testing encoder: {}", codec.name);
+
+    let test_ctx = EncodeContext {
+        name: codec.name.clone(),
+        mc_name: codec.mc_name.clone(),
+        ..ctx.clone()
+    };
+
+    match Encoder::new(test_ctx) {
+        Ok(mut encoder) => {
+            debug!("Encoder {} created successfully", codec.name);
+            let policy = ProbePolicy::for_codec(&codec.name);
+            let mut last_err: Option<i32> = None;
+
+            for attempt in 0..policy.max_attempts {
+                let attempt_no = attempt + 1;
+                policy.prepare_attempt(&mut encoder);
+
+                let pts = (attempt as i64) * 33;
+                let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+                match encoder.encode(yuv, pts) {
+                    Ok(frames) => {
+                        let elapsed = start.elapsed().as_millis();
+
+                        if policy.passed(frames, elapsed) {
+                            if policy.accept_any_output {
+                                debug!(
+                                    "Encoder {} test passed on attempt {} (frames: {})",
+                                    codec.name,
+                                    attempt_no,
+                                    frames.len()
+                                );
+                            } else {
+                                debug!(
+                                    "Encoder {} test passed on attempt {}",
+                                    codec.name, attempt_no
+                                );
+                            }
+                            return true;
+                        } else {
+                            log_failed_probe_attempt(
+                                &codec.name,
+                                policy,
+                                attempt_no,
+                                frames,
+                                elapsed,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        last_err = Some(err);
+                        debug!(
+                            "Encoder {} test attempt {} returned error: {}",
+                            codec.name, attempt_no, err
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            debug!(
+                "Encoder {} test failed after retries{}",
+                codec.name,
+                last_err
+                    .map(|e| format!(" (last err: {})", e))
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
+            );
+            false
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            debug!("Failed to create encoder {}", codec.name);
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn add_software_fallback(codecs: &mut Vec<CodecInfo>) {
+    use log::debug;
+
+    for fallback in CodecInfo::soft().into_vec() {
+        if !codecs.iter().any(|codec| codec.format == fallback.format) {
+            debug!(
+                "Adding software {:?} encoder: {}",
+                fallback.format, fallback.name
+            );
+            codecs.push(fallback);
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct EncodeContext {
@@ -28,7 +434,7 @@ pub struct EncodeContext {
     pub mc_name: Option<String>,
     pub width: i32,
     pub height: i32,
-    pub pixfmt: AVPixelFormat,
+    pub pixfmt: i32,
     pub align: i32,
     pub fps: i32,
     pub gop: i32,
@@ -83,7 +489,7 @@ impl Encoder {
                 CString::new(mc_name.as_str()).map_err(|_| ())?.as_ptr(),
                 ctx.width,
                 ctx.height,
-                ctx.pixfmt as c_int,
+                ctx.pixfmt,
                 ctx.align,
                 ctx.fps,
                 ctx.gop,
@@ -185,305 +591,21 @@ impl Encoder {
         if !(cfg!(windows) || cfg!(target_os = "linux")) {
             return vec![];
         }
-        let mut codecs: Vec<CodecInfo> = vec![];
-        #[cfg(any(windows, target_os = "linux"))]
-        {
-            let contains = |_vendor: Driver, _format: DataFormat| {
-                // Without VRAM feature, we can't check SDK availability
-                // Just return true and let FFmpeg handle the actual detection
-                true
-            };
-            let (_nv, amf, _intel) = crate::common::supported_gpu(true);
-            debug!(
-                "GPU support detected - NV: {}, AMF: {}, Intel: {}",
-                _nv, amf, _intel
-            );
-
-            #[cfg(windows)]
-            if _intel && contains(Driver::MFX, H264) {
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "h264_qsv".to_owned(),
-                    format: H264,
-                    priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-            }
-            #[cfg(windows)]
-            if _intel && contains(Driver::MFX, H265) {
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "hevc_qsv".to_owned(),
-                    format: H265,
-                    priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-            }
-            if _nv && contains(Driver::NV, H264) {
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "h264_nvenc".to_owned(),
-                    format: H264,
-                    priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-            }
-            if _nv && contains(Driver::NV, H265) {
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "hevc_nvenc".to_owned(),
-                    format: H265,
-                    priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-            }
-            if amf && contains(Driver::AMF, H264) {
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "h264_amf".to_owned(),
-                    format: H264,
-                    priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-            }
-            if amf {
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "hevc_amf".to_owned(),
-                    format: H265,
-                    priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-            }
-            #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-            {
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "h264_vaapi".to_owned(),
-                    format: H264,
-                    priority: Priority::Good as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "hevc_vaapi".to_owned(),
-                    format: H265,
-                    priority: Priority::Good as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "vp8_vaapi".to_owned(),
-                    format: VP8,
-                    priority: Priority::Good as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-                codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                    name: "vp9_vaapi".to_owned(),
-                    format: VP9,
-                    priority: Priority::Good as _,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                });
-
-                // Rockchip MPP hardware encoder support
-                use std::ffi::c_int;
-                extern "C" {
-                    fn linux_support_rkmpp() -> c_int;
-                    fn linux_support_v4l2m2m() -> c_int;
-                }
-
-                if unsafe { linux_support_rkmpp() } == 0 {
-                    debug!("RKMPP hardware detected, adding Rockchip encoders");
-                    codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                        name: "h264_rkmpp".to_owned(),
-                        format: H264,
-                        priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    });
-                    codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                        name: "hevc_rkmpp".to_owned(),
-                        format: H265,
-                        priority: Priority::Best as _,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    });
-                }
-
-                // V4L2 Memory-to-Memory hardware encoder support (generic ARM)
-                if unsafe { linux_support_v4l2m2m() } == 0 {
-                    debug!("V4L2 M2M hardware detected, adding V4L2 encoders");
-                    codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                        name: "h264_v4l2m2m".to_owned(),
-                        format: H264,
-                        priority: Priority::Good as _,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    });
-                    codecs.push(CodecInfo {
-                        name: "hevc_v4l2m2m".to_owned(),
-                        format: H265,
-                        priority: Priority::Good as _,
-                        ..Default::default()
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // qsv doesn't support yuv420p
-        codecs.retain(|c| {
-            let ctx = ctx.clone();
-            if ctx.pixfmt == AVPixelFormat::AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P && c.name.contains("qsv") {
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        });
-
         let mut res = vec![];
+        #[cfg(any(windows, target_os = "linux"))]
+        let codecs = enumerate_candidate_codecs(&ctx);
 
         if let Ok(yuv) = Encoder::dummy_yuv(ctx.clone()) {
             for codec in codecs {
-                // Skip if this format already exists in results
-                if res
-                    .iter()
-                    .any(|existing: &CodecInfo| existing.format == codec.format)
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                debug!("Testing encoder: {}", codec.name);
-
-                let c = EncodeContext {
-                    name: codec.name.clone(),
-                    mc_name: codec.mc_name.clone(),
-                    ..ctx
-                };
-
-                match Encoder::new(c) {
-                    Ok(mut encoder) => {
-                        debug!("Encoder {} created successfully", codec.name);
-                        let mut passed = false;
-                        let mut last_err: Option<i32> = None;
-                        let is_v4l2m2m = codec.name.contains("v4l2m2m");
-
-                        let max_attempts = if is_v4l2m2m { 5 } else { 1 };
-                        for attempt in 0..max_attempts {
-                            if is_v4l2m2m {
-                                encoder.request_keyframe();
-                            }
-                            let pts = (attempt as i64) * 33; // 33ms is an approximation for 30 FPS (1000 / 30)
-                            let start = std::time::Instant::now();
-                            match encoder.encode(&yuv, pts) {
-                                Ok(frames) => {
-                                    let elapsed = start.elapsed().as_millis();
-
-                                    if is_v4l2m2m {
-                                        if !frames.is_empty() && elapsed < TEST_TIMEOUT_MS as _ {
-                                            debug!(
-                                                "Encoder {} test passed on attempt {} (frames: {})",
-                                                codec.name,
-                                                attempt + 1,
-                                                frames.len()
-                                            );
-                                            res.push(codec.clone());
-                                            passed = true;
-                                            break;
-                                        } else if frames.is_empty() {
-                                            debug!(
-                                                "Encoder {} test produced no output on attempt {}",
-                                                codec.name,
-                                                attempt + 1
-                                            );
-                                        } else {
-                                            debug!(
-                                                "Encoder {} test failed on attempt {} - frames: {}, timeout: {}ms",
-                                                codec.name,
-                                                attempt + 1,
-                                                frames.len(),
-                                                elapsed
-                                            );
-                                        }
-                                    } else if frames.len() == 1 {
-                                        if frames[0].key == 1 && elapsed < TEST_TIMEOUT_MS as _ {
-                                            debug!(
-                                                "Encoder {} test passed on attempt {}",
-                                                codec.name,
-                                                attempt + 1
-                                            );
-                                            res.push(codec.clone());
-                                            passed = true;
-                                            break;
-                                        } else {
-                                            debug!(
-                                                "Encoder {} test failed on attempt {} - key: {}, timeout: {}ms",
-                                                codec.name,
-                                                attempt + 1,
-                                                frames[0].key,
-                                                elapsed
-                                            );
-                                        }
-                                    } else {
-                                        debug!(
-                                            "Encoder {} test failed on attempt {} - wrong frame count: {}",
-                                            codec.name,
-                                            attempt + 1,
-                                            frames.len()
-                                        );
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                Err(err) => {
-                                    last_err = Some(err);
-                                    debug!(
-                                        "Encoder {} test attempt {} returned error: {}",
-                                        codec.name,
-                                        attempt + 1,
-                                        err
-                                    );
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        if !passed {
-                            debug!(
-                                "Encoder {} test failed after retries{}",
-                                codec.name,
-                                last_err
-                                    .map(|e| format!(" (last err: {})", e))
-                                    .unwrap_or_default()
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(_) => {
-                        debug!("Failed to create encoder {}", codec.name);
-                    }
+                if validate_candidate(&codec, &ctx, &yuv) {
+                    res.push(codec);
                 }
             }
         } else {
             debug!("Failed to generate dummy YUV data");
         }
 
-        // Add software encoders as fallback
-        let soft_codecs = CodecInfo::soft();
-
-        // Add H264 software encoder if not already present
-        if !res.iter().any(|c| c.format == H264) {
-            if let Some(h264_soft) = soft_codecs.h264 {
-                debug!("Adding software H264 encoder: {}", h264_soft.name);
-                res.push(h264_soft);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Add H265 software encoder if not already present
-        if !res.iter().any(|c| c.format == H265) {
-            if let Some(h265_soft) = soft_codecs.h265 {
-                debug!("Adding software H265 encoder: {}", h265_soft.name);
-                res.push(h265_soft);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Add VP8 software encoder if not already present
-        if !res.iter().any(|c| c.format == VP8) {
-            if let Some(vp8_soft) = soft_codecs.vp8 {
-                debug!("Adding software VP8 encoder: {}", vp8_soft.name);
-                res.push(vp8_soft);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Add VP9 software encoder if not already present
-        if !res.iter().any(|c| c.format == VP9) {
-            if let Some(vp9_soft) = soft_codecs.vp9 {
-                debug!("Adding software VP9 encoder: {}", vp9_soft.name);
-                res.push(vp9_soft);
-            }
-        }
+        add_software_fallback(&mut res);
 
         res
     }

libs/hwcodec/src/ffmpeg_ram/mod.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@
 #![allow(non_snake_case)]
 
 use crate::common::DataFormat::{self, *};
-use crate::ffmpeg::{
-    AVHWDeviceType::{self, *},
-    AVPixelFormat,
-};
+use crate::ffmpeg::AVHWDeviceType::{self, *};
 use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::ffi::c_int;
 
@@ -86,6 +83,40 @@ impl Default for CodecInfo {
 }
 
 impl CodecInfo {
+    pub fn software(format: DataFormat) -> Option<Self> {
+        match format {
+            H264 => Some(CodecInfo {
+                name: "libx264".to_owned(),
+                mc_name: Default::default(),
+                format: H264,
+                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
+                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
+            }),
+            H265 => Some(CodecInfo {
+                name: "libx265".to_owned(),
+                mc_name: Default::default(),
+                format: H265,
+                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
+                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
+            }),
+            VP8 => Some(CodecInfo {
+                name: "libvpx".to_owned(),
+                mc_name: Default::default(),
+                format: VP8,
+                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
+                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
+            }),
+            VP9 => Some(CodecInfo {
+                name: "libvpx-vp9".to_owned(),
+                mc_name: Default::default(),
+                format: VP9,
+                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
+                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
+            }),
+            AV1 => None,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn prioritized(coders: Vec<CodecInfo>) -> CodecInfos {
         let mut h264: Option<CodecInfo> = None;
         let mut h265: Option<CodecInfo> = None;
@@ -148,34 +179,10 @@ impl CodecInfo {
 
     pub fn soft() -> CodecInfos {
         CodecInfos {
-            h264: Some(CodecInfo {
-                name: "libx264".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
-                format: H264,
-                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
-                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
-            }),
-            h265: Some(CodecInfo {
-                name: "libx265".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
-                format: H265,
-                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
-                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
-            }),
-            vp8: Some(CodecInfo {
-                name: "libvpx".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
-                format: VP8,
-                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
-                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
-            }),
-            vp9: Some(CodecInfo {
-                name: "libvpx-vp9".to_owned(),
-                mc_name: Default::default(),
-                format: VP9,
-                hwdevice: AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_NONE,
-                priority: Priority::Soft as _,
-            }),
+            h264: CodecInfo::software(H264),
+            h265: CodecInfo::software(H265),
+            vp8: CodecInfo::software(VP8),
+            vp9: CodecInfo::software(VP9),
             av1: None,
         }
     }
@@ -191,6 +198,23 @@ pub struct CodecInfos {
 }
 
 impl CodecInfos {
+    pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<CodecInfo> {
+        let mut codecs = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(codec) = self.h264 {
+            codecs.push(codec);
+        }
+        if let Some(codec) = self.h265 {
+            codecs.push(codec);
+        }
+        if let Some(codec) = self.vp8 {
+            codecs.push(codec);
+        }
+        if let Some(codec) = self.vp9 {
+            codecs.push(codec);
+        }
+        codecs
+    }
+
     pub fn serialize(&self) -> Result<String, ()> {
         match serde_json::to_string_pretty(self) {
             Ok(s) => Ok(s),
@@ -207,7 +231,7 @@ impl CodecInfos {
 }
 
 pub fn ffmpeg_linesize_offset_length(
-    pixfmt: AVPixelFormat,
+    pixfmt: i32,
     width: usize,
     height: usize,
     align: usize,
@@ -220,7 +244,7 @@ pub fn ffmpeg_linesize_offset_length(
     length.resize(1, 0);
     unsafe {
         if ffmpeg_ram_get_linesize_offset_length(
-            pixfmt as _,
+            pixfmt,
             width as _,
             height as _,
             align as _,

libs/hwcodec/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub mod capture;
 pub mod common;
 pub mod ffmpeg;
 #[cfg(any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "arm", feature = "rkmpp"))]

libs/ventoy-img-rs/src/lib.rs

@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ pub use error::{Result, VentoyError};
 pub use exfat::FileInfo;
 pub use image::VentoyImage;
 pub use partition::{parse_size, PartitionLayout};
-pub use resources::{get_resource_dir, init_resources, is_initialized, required_files};
+pub use resources::{init_resources, is_initialized, required_files};

libs/ventoy-img-rs/src/resources.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 use crate::error::{Result, VentoyError};
 use std::fs;
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
 /// Resource file names
@@ -151,13 +151,6 @@ pub fn get_ventoy_disk_img() -> Result<&'static [u8]> {
         })
 }
 
-/// Get the resource directory path for a given data directory
-///
-/// Returns `{data_dir}/ventoy`
-pub fn get_resource_dir(data_dir: &Path) -> PathBuf {
-    data_dir.join("ventoy")
-}
-
 /// List required resource files
 pub fn required_files() -> &'static [&'static str] {
     &[BOOT_IMG_NAME, CORE_IMG_NAME, VENTOY_DISK_IMG_NAME]
@@ -166,22 +159,6 @@ pub fn required_files() -> &'static [&'static str] {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use std::io::Write;
-    use tempfile::TempDir;
-
-    fn create_test_resources(dir: &Path) {
-        // Create boot.img (512 bytes)
-        let mut boot = std::fs::File::create(dir.join(BOOT_IMG_NAME)).unwrap();
-        boot.write_all(&[0u8; 512]).unwrap();
-
-        // Create core.img (fake, 1KB)
-        let mut core = std::fs::File::create(dir.join(CORE_IMG_NAME)).unwrap();
-        core.write_all(&[0u8; 1024]).unwrap();
-
-        // Create ventoy.disk.img (fake, 1KB)
-        let mut ventoy = std::fs::File::create(dir.join(VENTOY_DISK_IMG_NAME)).unwrap();
-        ventoy.write_all(&[0u8; 1024]).unwrap();
-    }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_required_files() {
@@ -191,11 +168,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(files.contains(&"core.img"));
         assert!(files.contains(&"ventoy.disk.img"));
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_get_resource_dir() {
-        let data_dir = Path::new("/var/lib/one-kvm");
-        let resource_dir = get_resource_dir(data_dir);
-        assert_eq!(resource_dir, PathBuf::from("/var/lib/one-kvm/ventoy"));
-    }
 }

res/vcpkg/libyuv/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ license = "BSD-3-Clause"
 [dependencies]
 
 [build-dependencies]
-cc = "1.0"
 bindgen = "0.59"

res/vcpkg/libyuv/build.rs

@@ -34,10 +34,12 @@ fn generate_bindings(cpp_dir: &Path) {
         .allowlist_function("I420Copy")
         // I422 conversions
         .allowlist_function("I422ToI420")
+        .allowlist_function("I444ToI420")
         // NV12/NV21 conversions
         .allowlist_function("NV12ToI420")
         .allowlist_function("NV21ToI420")
         .allowlist_function("NV12Copy")
+        .allowlist_function("SplitUVPlane")
         // ARGB/BGRA conversions
         .allowlist_function("ARGBToI420")
         .allowlist_function("ARGBToNV12")
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ fn generate_bindings(cpp_dir: &Path) {
         // YUV to RGB conversions
         .allowlist_function("I420ToRGB24")
         .allowlist_function("I420ToARGB")
+        .allowlist_function("H444ToARGB")
         .allowlist_function("NV12ToRGB24")
         .allowlist_function("NV12ToARGB")
         .allowlist_function("YUY2ToARGB")
@@ -79,8 +82,8 @@ fn generate_bindings(cpp_dir: &Path) {
 
 fn link_libyuv() {
     // Try vcpkg first
-    if let Ok(vcpkg_root) = env::var("VCPKG_ROOT") {
-        if link_vcpkg(vcpkg_root.into()) {
+    if let Some(vcpkg_installed) = vcpkg_installed_root() {
+        if link_vcpkg(vcpkg_installed) {
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -106,6 +109,22 @@ fn link_libyuv() {
     );
 }
 
+fn vcpkg_installed_root() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=VCPKG_ROOT");
+
+    if let Ok(path) = env::var("VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR") {
+        if !path.trim().is_empty() {
+            return Some(PathBuf::from(path));
+        }
+    }
+
+    env::var("VCPKG_ROOT")
+        .ok()
+        .filter(|path| !path.trim().is_empty())
+        .map(|path| PathBuf::from(path).join("installed"))
+}
+
 fn link_vcpkg(mut path: PathBuf) -> bool {
     let target_arch = env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ARCH").unwrap_or_default();
     let target_os = env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap_or_default();
@@ -127,7 +146,6 @@ fn link_vcpkg(mut path: PathBuf) -> bool {
         }
     };
 
-    path.push("installed");
     path.push(triplet);
 
     let include_path = path.join("include");
@@ -151,11 +169,13 @@ fn link_vcpkg(mut path: PathBuf) -> bool {
     if use_static && static_lib.exists() {
         // Static linking (for deb packaging)
         println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=static=yuv");
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
         println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=stdc++");
         println!("cargo:info=Using libyuv from vcpkg (static linking)");
     } else {
         // Dynamic linking (default for development)
         println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=yuv");
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
         println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=stdc++");
         println!("cargo:info=Using libyuv from vcpkg (dynamic linking)");
     }

res/vcpkg/libyuv/cpp/yuv_ffi.h

@@ -58,6 +58,15 @@ int I422ToI420(const uint8_t* src_y, int src_stride_y,
                uint8_t* dst_v, int dst_stride_v,
                int width, int height);
 
+// I444 (YUV444P) -> I420 (YUV420P) with horizontal and vertical chroma downsampling
+int I444ToI420(const uint8_t* src_y, int src_stride_y,
+               const uint8_t* src_u, int src_stride_u,
+               const uint8_t* src_v, int src_stride_v,
+               uint8_t* dst_y, int dst_stride_y,
+               uint8_t* dst_u, int dst_stride_u,
+               uint8_t* dst_v, int dst_stride_v,
+               int width, int height);
+
 // I420 -> NV12
 int I420ToNV12(const uint8_t* src_y, int src_stride_y,
                const uint8_t* src_u, int src_stride_u,
@@ -94,6 +103,12 @@ int NV21ToI420(const uint8_t* src_y, int src_stride_y,
                uint8_t* dst_v, int dst_stride_v,
                int width, int height);
 
+// Split interleaved UV plane into separate U and V planes
+void SplitUVPlane(const uint8_t* src_uv, int src_stride_uv,
+                  uint8_t* dst_u, int dst_stride_u,
+                  uint8_t* dst_v, int dst_stride_v,
+                  int width, int height);
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // ARGB/BGRA conversions (32-bit RGB)
 // Note: libyuv uses ARGB to mean BGRA in memory (little-endian)
@@ -180,6 +195,13 @@ int I420ToARGB(const uint8_t* src_y, int src_stride_y,
                uint8_t* dst_argb, int dst_stride_argb,
                int width, int height);
 
+// H444 (BT.709 limited-range YUV444P) -> ARGB (BGRA)
+int H444ToARGB(const uint8_t* src_y, int src_stride_y,
+               const uint8_t* src_u, int src_stride_u,
+               const uint8_t* src_v, int src_stride_v,
+               uint8_t* dst_argb, int dst_stride_argb,
+               int width, int height);
+
 // NV12 -> RGB24
 int NV12ToRGB24(const uint8_t* src_y, int src_stride_y,
                 const uint8_t* src_uv, int src_stride_uv,

res/vcpkg/libyuv/src/lib.rs

@@ -297,6 +297,93 @@ pub fn i422_to_i420_planar(
     ))
 }
 
+/// Convert I444 (YUV444P) to I420 (YUV420P) with separate planes and explicit strides
+/// This performs horizontal and vertical chroma downsampling using SIMD
+pub fn i444_to_i420_planar(
+    src_y: &[u8],
+    src_y_stride: i32,
+    src_u: &[u8],
+    src_u_stride: i32,
+    src_v: &[u8],
+    src_v_stride: i32,
+    dst: &mut [u8],
+    width: i32,
+    height: i32,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    if width % 2 != 0 || height % 2 != 0 {
+        return Err(YuvError::InvalidDimensions);
+    }
+
+    let w = width as usize;
+    let h = height as usize;
+    let y_size = w * h;
+    let uv_size = (w / 2) * (h / 2);
+
+    if dst.len() < i420_size(w, h) {
+        return Err(YuvError::BufferTooSmall);
+    }
+
+    call_yuv!(I444ToI420(
+        src_y.as_ptr(),
+        src_y_stride,
+        src_u.as_ptr(),
+        src_u_stride,
+        src_v.as_ptr(),
+        src_v_stride,
+        dst.as_mut_ptr(),
+        width,
+        dst[y_size..].as_mut_ptr(),
+        width / 2,
+        dst[y_size + uv_size..].as_mut_ptr(),
+        width / 2,
+        width,
+        height,
+    ))
+}
+
+/// Split an interleaved UV plane into separate U and V planes using libyuv SIMD helpers.
+///
+/// `width` is the number of chroma samples per row, not the number of source bytes.
+pub fn split_uv_plane(
+    src_uv: &[u8],
+    src_stride_uv: i32,
+    dst_u: &mut [u8],
+    dst_stride_u: i32,
+    dst_v: &mut [u8],
+    dst_stride_v: i32,
+    width: i32,
+    height: i32,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    if width <= 0 || height <= 0 {
+        return Err(YuvError::InvalidDimensions);
+    }
+
+    let width = width as usize;
+    let height = height as usize;
+    let src_required = (src_stride_uv as usize).saturating_mul(height);
+    let dst_u_required = (dst_stride_u as usize).saturating_mul(height);
+    let dst_v_required = (dst_stride_v as usize).saturating_mul(height);
+
+    if src_uv.len() < src_required || dst_u.len() < dst_u_required || dst_v.len() < dst_v_required {
+        return Err(YuvError::BufferTooSmall);
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        SplitUVPlane(
+            src_uv.as_ptr(),
+            src_stride_uv,
+            dst_u.as_mut_ptr(),
+            dst_stride_u,
+            dst_v.as_mut_ptr(),
+            dst_stride_v,
+            width as i32,
+            height as i32,
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 // ============================================================================
 // I420 <-> NV12 conversions
 // ============================================================================
@@ -761,6 +848,41 @@ pub fn i420_to_bgra(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u8], width: i32, height: i32) -> Resu
     ))
 }
 
+/// Convert H444 (BT.709 limited-range YUV444P) to BGRA.
+pub fn h444_to_bgra(
+    src_y: &[u8],
+    src_u: &[u8],
+    src_v: &[u8],
+    dst: &mut [u8],
+    width: i32,
+    height: i32,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let w = width as usize;
+    let h = height as usize;
+    let plane_size = w * h;
+
+    if src_y.len() < plane_size || src_u.len() < plane_size || src_v.len() < plane_size {
+        return Err(YuvError::BufferTooSmall);
+    }
+
+    if dst.len() < argb_size(w, h) {
+        return Err(YuvError::BufferTooSmall);
+    }
+
+    call_yuv!(H444ToARGB(
+        src_y.as_ptr(),
+        width,
+        src_u.as_ptr(),
+        width,
+        src_v.as_ptr(),
+        width,
+        dst.as_mut_ptr(),
+        width * 4,
+        width,
+        height,
+    ))
+}
+
 /// Convert NV12 to RGB24
 pub fn nv12_to_rgb24(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u8], width: i32, height: i32) -> Result<()> {
     if width % 2 != 0 || height % 2 != 0 {

scripts/build-update-site.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# 生成 One-KVM 在线升级静态站点并打包为可部署 tar.gz。
+# 输出目录结构：
+#   <site_name>/v1/channels.json
+#   <site_name>/v1/releases.json
+#   <site_name>/v1/bin/<version>/one-kvm-<triple>
+#
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+PROJECT_ROOT="$(cd "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.." && pwd)"
+
+VERSION=""
+RELEASE_CHANNEL="stable"
+STABLE_VERSION=""
+BETA_VERSION=""
+PUBLISHED_AT="$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")"
+ARTIFACTS_DIR=""
+X86_64_BIN=""
+AARCH64_BIN=""
+ARMV7_BIN=""
+X86_64_SET=0
+AARCH64_SET=0
+ARMV7_SET=0
+SITE_NAME="one-kvm-update"
+OUTPUT_FILE=""
+OUTPUT_DIR="${PROJECT_ROOT}/dist"
+declare -a NOTES=()
+
+usage() {
+    cat <<'EOF'
+Usage:
+  ./scripts/build-update-site.sh --version <x.x.x> [options]
+
+Required:
+  --version <x.x.x>                 Release 版本号（如 0.1.10）
+
+Artifact input (二选一，可混用):
+  --artifacts-dir <dir>             自动扫描目录中的标准文件名：
+                                      one-kvm-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+                                      one-kvm-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
+                                      one-kvm-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
+  --x86_64 <file>                   指定 x86_64 二进制路径
+  --aarch64 <file>                  指定 aarch64 二进制路径
+  --armv7 <file>                    指定 armv7 二进制路径
+
+Manifest options:
+  --release-channel <stable|beta>   releases.json 里该版本所属渠道，默认 stable
+  --stable <x.x.x>                  channels.json 的 stable 指针，默认等于 --version
+  --beta <x.x.x>                    channels.json 的 beta 指针，默认等于 --version
+  --published-at <RFC3339>          发布时间，默认当前 UTC 时间
+  --note <text>                     发布说明，可重复传入多次
+
+Output options:
+  --site-name <name>                打包根目录名，默认 one-kvm-update
+  --output-dir <dir>                输出目录（默认 <repo>/dist）
+  --output <file.tar.gz>            输出包完整路径（优先级高于 --output-dir）
+
+Other:
+  -h, --help                        显示帮助
+
+Example:
+  ./scripts/build-update-site.sh \
+    --version 0.1.10 \
+    --artifacts-dir ./target/release \
+    --release-channel stable \
+    --stable 0.1.10 \
+    --beta 0.1.11 \
+    --note "修复 WebRTC 断流问题" \
+    --note "优化 HID 输入延迟"
+EOF
+}
+
+fail() {
+    echo "Error: $*" >&2
+    exit 1
+}
+
+require_cmd() {
+    local cmd="$1"
+    command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail "Missing required command: ${cmd}"
+}
+
+json_escape() {
+    local s="$1"
+    s=${s//\\/\\\\}
+    s=${s//\"/\\\"}
+    s=${s//$'\n'/\\n}
+    s=${s//$'\r'/\\r}
+    s=${s//$'\t'/\\t}
+    printf '%s' "$s"
+}
+
+is_valid_version() {
+    local v="$1"
+    [[ "$v" =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]
+}
+
+is_valid_channel() {
+    local c="$1"
+    [[ "$c" == "stable" || "$c" == "beta" ]]
+}
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "$1" in
+    --version)
+        VERSION="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --release-channel)
+        RELEASE_CHANNEL="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --stable)
+        STABLE_VERSION="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --beta)
+        BETA_VERSION="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --published-at)
+        PUBLISHED_AT="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --note)
+        NOTES+=("${2:-}")
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --artifacts-dir)
+        ARTIFACTS_DIR="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --x86_64)
+        X86_64_BIN="${2:-}"
+        X86_64_SET=1
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --aarch64)
+        AARCH64_BIN="${2:-}"
+        AARCH64_SET=1
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --armv7)
+        ARMV7_BIN="${2:-}"
+        ARMV7_SET=1
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --site-name)
+        SITE_NAME="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --output-dir)
+        OUTPUT_DIR="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --output)
+        OUTPUT_FILE="${2:-}"
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    -h | --help)
+        usage
+        exit 0
+        ;;
+    *)
+        fail "Unknown argument: $1 (use --help)"
+        ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+require_cmd sha256sum
+require_cmd stat
+require_cmd tar
+require_cmd mktemp
+
+[[ -n "$VERSION" ]] || fail "--version is required"
+is_valid_version "$VERSION" || fail "Invalid --version: ${VERSION} (expected x.x.x)"
+is_valid_channel "$RELEASE_CHANNEL" || fail "Invalid --release-channel: ${RELEASE_CHANNEL}"
+
+if [[ -z "$STABLE_VERSION" ]]; then
+    STABLE_VERSION="$VERSION"
+fi
+if [[ -z "$BETA_VERSION" ]]; then
+    BETA_VERSION="$VERSION"
+fi
+is_valid_version "$STABLE_VERSION" || fail "Invalid --stable: ${STABLE_VERSION}"
+is_valid_version "$BETA_VERSION" || fail "Invalid --beta: ${BETA_VERSION}"
+
+if [[ -n "$ARTIFACTS_DIR" ]]; then
+    [[ -d "$ARTIFACTS_DIR" ]] || fail "--artifacts-dir not found: ${ARTIFACTS_DIR}"
+    [[ -n "$X86_64_BIN" ]] || X86_64_BIN="${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/one-kvm-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+    [[ -n "$AARCH64_BIN" ]] || AARCH64_BIN="${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/one-kvm-aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+    [[ -n "$ARMV7_BIN" ]] || ARMV7_BIN="${ARTIFACTS_DIR}/one-kvm-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf"
+fi
+
+if [[ "$X86_64_SET" -eq 1 && ! -f "$X86_64_BIN" ]]; then
+    fail "--x86_64 file not found: ${X86_64_BIN}"
+fi
+if [[ "$AARCH64_SET" -eq 1 && ! -f "$AARCH64_BIN" ]]; then
+    fail "--aarch64 file not found: ${AARCH64_BIN}"
+fi
+if [[ "$ARMV7_SET" -eq 1 && ! -f "$ARMV7_BIN" ]]; then
+    fail "--armv7 file not found: ${ARMV7_BIN}"
+fi
+
+declare -A SRC_BY_TRIPLE=()
+if [[ -n "$X86_64_BIN" && -f "$X86_64_BIN" ]]; then
+    SRC_BY_TRIPLE["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]="$X86_64_BIN"
+fi
+if [[ -n "$AARCH64_BIN" && -f "$AARCH64_BIN" ]]; then
+    SRC_BY_TRIPLE["aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"]="$AARCH64_BIN"
+fi
+if [[ -n "$ARMV7_BIN" && -f "$ARMV7_BIN" ]]; then
+    SRC_BY_TRIPLE["armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf"]="$ARMV7_BIN"
+fi
+
+if [[ ${#SRC_BY_TRIPLE[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+    fail "No artifact found. Provide --artifacts-dir or at least one of --x86_64/--aarch64/--armv7."
+fi
+
+BUILD_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+trap 'rm -rf "$BUILD_DIR"' EXIT
+
+SITE_DIR="${BUILD_DIR}/${SITE_NAME}"
+V1_DIR="${SITE_DIR}/v1"
+BIN_DIR="${V1_DIR}/bin/${VERSION}"
+mkdir -p "$BIN_DIR"
+
+declare -A SHA_BY_TRIPLE=()
+declare -A SIZE_BY_TRIPLE=()
+
+TRIPLES=(
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+    "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu"
+    "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf"
+)
+
+for triple in "${TRIPLES[@]}"; do
+    src="${SRC_BY_TRIPLE[$triple]:-}"
+    if [[ -z "$src" ]]; then
+        continue
+    fi
+    [[ -f "$src" ]] || fail "Artifact not found for ${triple}: ${src}"
+
+    dest_name="one-kvm-${triple}"
+    dest_path="${BIN_DIR}/${dest_name}"
+    cp "$src" "$dest_path"
+
+    sha="$(sha256sum "$dest_path" | awk '{print $1}')"
+    size="$(stat -c%s "$dest_path")"
+    SHA_BY_TRIPLE["$triple"]="$sha"
+    SIZE_BY_TRIPLE["$triple"]="$size"
+done
+
+cat >"${V1_DIR}/channels.json" <<EOF
+{
+  "stable": "${STABLE_VERSION}",
+  "beta": "${BETA_VERSION}"
+}
+EOF
+
+RELEASES_FILE="${V1_DIR}/releases.json"
+{
+    echo '{'
+    echo '  "releases": ['
+    echo '    {'
+    echo "      \"version\": \"${VERSION}\","
+    echo "      \"channel\": \"${RELEASE_CHANNEL}\","
+    echo "      \"published_at\": \"${PUBLISHED_AT}\","
+
+    if [[ ${#NOTES[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+        echo '      "notes": [],'
+    else
+        echo '      "notes": ['
+        for i in "${!NOTES[@]}"; do
+            esc_note="$(json_escape "${NOTES[$i]}")"
+            if [[ "$i" -lt $((${#NOTES[@]} - 1)) ]]; then
+                echo "        \"${esc_note}\","
+            else
+                echo "        \"${esc_note}\""
+            fi
+        done
+        echo '      ],'
+    fi
+
+    echo '      "artifacts": {'
+    written=0
+    for triple in "${TRIPLES[@]}"; do
+        if [[ -z "${SHA_BY_TRIPLE[$triple]:-}" ]]; then
+            continue
+        fi
+        url="/v1/bin/${VERSION}/one-kvm-${triple}"
+        if [[ $written -eq 1 ]]; then
+            echo ','
+        fi
+        cat <<EOF
+        "${triple}": {
+          "url": "${url}",
+          "sha256": "${SHA_BY_TRIPLE[$triple]}",
+          "size": ${SIZE_BY_TRIPLE[$triple]}
+        }
+EOF
+        written=1
+    done
+    echo
+    echo '      }'
+    echo '    }'
+    echo '  ]'
+    echo '}'
+} >"$RELEASES_FILE"
+
+if [[ -n "$OUTPUT_FILE" ]]; then
+    if [[ "$OUTPUT_FILE" != /* ]]; then
+        OUTPUT_FILE="${PROJECT_ROOT}/${OUTPUT_FILE}"
+    fi
+else
+    mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
+    OUTPUT_FILE="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${SITE_NAME}-${VERSION}.tar.gz"
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$OUTPUT_FILE")"
+tar -C "$BUILD_DIR" -czf "$OUTPUT_FILE" "$SITE_NAME"
+
+echo "Build complete:"
+echo "  package: ${OUTPUT_FILE}"
+echo "  site root in tar: ${SITE_NAME}/"
+echo "  release version: ${VERSION}"
+echo "  release channel: ${RELEASE_CHANNEL}"
+echo "  channels: stable=${STABLE_VERSION}, beta=${BETA_VERSION}"
+echo "  artifacts:"
+for triple in "${TRIPLES[@]}"; do
+    if [[ -n "${SHA_BY_TRIPLE[$triple]:-}" ]]; then
+        echo "    - ${triple}: size=${SIZE_BY_TRIPLE[$triple]} sha256=${SHA_BY_TRIPLE[$triple]}"
+    fi
+done
+echo
+echo "Deploy example:"
+echo "  tar -xzf \"${OUTPUT_FILE}\" -C /var/www/"
+echo "  # then ensure nginx root points to /var/www/${SITE_NAME}"

src/atx/controller.rs

@@ -11,20 +11,14 @@ use super::led::LedSensor;
 use super::types::{AtxAction, AtxKeyConfig, AtxLedConfig, AtxState, PowerStatus};
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// ATX power control configuration
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct AtxControllerConfig {
-    /// Whether ATX is enabled
     pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Power button configuration (used for both short and long press)
     pub power: AtxKeyConfig,
-    /// Reset button configuration
     pub reset: AtxKeyConfig,
-    /// LED sensing configuration
     pub led: AtxLedConfig,
 }
 
-/// Internal state holding all ATX components
 /// Grouped together to reduce lock acquisitions
 struct AtxInner {
     config: AtxControllerConfig,
@@ -33,46 +27,92 @@ struct AtxInner {
     led_sensor: Option<LedSensor>,
 }
 
-/// ATX Controller
-///
 /// Manages ATX power control through independent executors for each action.
 /// Supports hot-reload of configuration.
 pub struct AtxController {
-    /// Single lock for all internal state to reduce lock contention
     inner: RwLock<AtxInner>,
 }
 
 impl AtxController {
+    fn should_share_serial_device(power: &AtxKeyConfig, reset: &AtxKeyConfig) -> bool {
+        power.is_configured()
+            && reset.is_configured()
+            && power.driver == super::types::AtxDriverType::Serial
+            && reset.driver == super::types::AtxDriverType::Serial
+            && !power.device.is_empty()
+            && power.device == reset.device
+            && power.baud_rate == reset.baud_rate
+    }
+
+    async fn init_key_executor(
+        warn_label: &str,
+        info_label: &str,
+        config: AtxKeyConfig,
+        mut executor: AtxKeyExecutor,
+    ) -> Option<AtxKeyExecutor> {
+        if let Err(e) = executor.init().await {
+            warn!("Failed to initialize {} executor: {}", warn_label, e);
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        info!(
+            "{} executor initialized: {:?} on {} pin {}",
+            info_label, config.driver, config.device, config.pin
+        );
+        Some(executor)
+    }
+
     async fn init_components(inner: &mut AtxInner) {
-        // Initialize power executor
-        if inner.config.power.is_configured() {
-            let mut executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(inner.config.power.clone());
-            if let Err(e) = executor.init().await {
-                warn!("Failed to initialize power executor: {}", e);
-            } else {
-                info!(
-                    "Power executor initialized: {:?} on {} pin {}",
-                    inner.config.power.driver, inner.config.power.device, inner.config.power.pin
-                );
-                inner.power_executor = Some(executor);
+        if Self::should_share_serial_device(&inner.config.power, &inner.config.reset) {
+            match AtxKeyExecutor::open_shared_serial(
+                &inner.config.power.device,
+                inner.config.power.baud_rate,
+            ) {
+                Ok(shared_serial) => {
+                    for (slot, warn_label, info_label, config, serial) in [
+                        (
+                            &mut inner.power_executor,
+                            "power",
+                            "Power",
+                            inner.config.power.clone(),
+                            shared_serial.clone(),
+                        ),
+                        (
+                            &mut inner.reset_executor,
+                            "reset",
+                            "Reset",
+                            inner.config.reset.clone(),
+                            shared_serial,
+                        ),
+                    ] {
+                        let executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new_with_shared_serial(
+                            config.clone(),
+                            serial,
+                        );
+                        *slot = Self::init_key_executor(warn_label, info_label, config, executor)
+                            .await;
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    warn!(
+                        "Failed to open shared serial device {} for ATX power/reset: {}",
+                        inner.config.power.device, e
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (slot, warn_label, info_label, config) in [
+                (&mut inner.power_executor, "power", "Power", inner.config.power.clone()),
+                (&mut inner.reset_executor, "reset", "Reset", inner.config.reset.clone()),
+            ] {
+                if config.is_configured() {
+                    let executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config.clone());
+                    *slot = Self::init_key_executor(warn_label, info_label, config, executor)
+                        .await;
+                }
             }
         }
 
-        // Initialize reset executor
-        if inner.config.reset.is_configured() {
-            let mut executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(inner.config.reset.clone());
-            if let Err(e) = executor.init().await {
-                warn!("Failed to initialize reset executor: {}", e);
-            } else {
-                info!(
-                    "Reset executor initialized: {:?} on {} pin {}",
-                    inner.config.reset.driver, inner.config.reset.device, inner.config.reset.pin
-                );
-                inner.reset_executor = Some(executor);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Initialize LED sensor
         if inner.config.led.is_configured() {
             let mut sensor = LedSensor::new(inner.config.led.clone());
             if let Err(e) = sensor.init().await {
@@ -88,19 +128,17 @@ impl AtxController {
     }
 
     async fn shutdown_components(inner: &mut AtxInner) {
-        if let Some(executor) = inner.power_executor.as_mut() {
-            if let Err(e) = executor.shutdown().await {
-                warn!("Failed to shutdown power executor: {}", e);
+        for (slot, label) in [
+            (&mut inner.power_executor, "power"),
+            (&mut inner.reset_executor, "reset"),
+        ] {
+            if let Some(executor) = slot.as_mut() {
+                if let Err(e) = executor.shutdown().await {
+                    warn!("Failed to shutdown {} executor: {}", label, e);
+                }
             }
+            *slot = None;
         }
-        inner.power_executor = None;
-
-        if let Some(executor) = inner.reset_executor.as_mut() {
-            if let Err(e) = executor.shutdown().await {
-                warn!("Failed to shutdown reset executor: {}", e);
-            }
-        }
-        inner.reset_executor = None;
 
         if let Some(sensor) = inner.led_sensor.as_mut() {
             if let Err(e) = sensor.shutdown().await {
@@ -110,7 +148,20 @@ impl AtxController {
         inner.led_sensor = None;
     }
 
-    /// Create a new ATX controller with the specified configuration
+    async fn read_power_status(sensor: Option<&LedSensor>) -> PowerStatus {
+        let Some(sensor) = sensor else {
+            return PowerStatus::Unknown;
+        };
+
+        match sensor.read().await {
+            Ok(status) => status,
+            Err(e) => {
+                debug!("Failed to read ATX LED sensor: {}", e);
+                PowerStatus::Unknown
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn new(config: AtxControllerConfig) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner: RwLock::new(AtxInner {
@@ -122,12 +173,10 @@ impl AtxController {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create a disabled ATX controller
     pub fn disabled() -> Self {
         Self::new(AtxControllerConfig::default())
     }
 
-    /// Initialize the ATX controller and its executors
     pub async fn init(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let mut inner = self.inner.write().await;
 
@@ -143,7 +192,6 @@ impl AtxController {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Reload ATX controller configuration
     pub async fn reload(&self, config: AtxControllerConfig) -> Result<()> {
         let mut inner = self.inner.write().await;
 
@@ -164,7 +212,6 @@ impl AtxController {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Shutdown ATX controller and release all resources
     pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let mut inner = self.inner.write().await;
         Self::shutdown_components(&mut inner).await;
@@ -172,86 +219,48 @@ impl AtxController {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Trigger a power action (short/long/reset)
     pub async fn trigger_power_action(&self, action: AtxAction) -> Result<()> {
         let inner = self.inner.read().await;
 
-        match action {
-            AtxAction::Short | AtxAction::Long => {
-                if let Some(executor) = &inner.power_executor {
-                    let duration = match action {
-                        AtxAction::Short => timing::SHORT_PRESS,
-                        AtxAction::Long => timing::LONG_PRESS,
-                        _ => unreachable!(),
-                    };
-                    executor.pulse(duration).await?;
-                } else {
-                    return Err(AppError::Config(
-                        "Power button not configured for ATX controller".to_string(),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-            AtxAction::Reset => {
-                if let Some(executor) = &inner.reset_executor {
-                    executor.pulse(timing::RESET_PRESS).await?;
-                } else {
-                    return Err(AppError::Config(
-                        "Reset button not configured for ATX controller".to_string(),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        let (executor, duration) = match action {
+            AtxAction::Short => (inner.power_executor.as_ref(), timing::SHORT_PRESS),
+            AtxAction::Long => (inner.power_executor.as_ref(), timing::LONG_PRESS),
+            AtxAction::Reset => (inner.reset_executor.as_ref(), timing::RESET_PRESS),
+        };
 
+        let Some(executor) = executor else {
+            return Err(AppError::Config(match action {
+                AtxAction::Reset => "Reset button not configured for ATX controller",
+                _ => "Power button not configured for ATX controller",
+            }
+            .to_string()));
+        };
+
+        executor.pulse(duration).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Trigger a short power button press
     pub async fn power_short(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.trigger_power_action(AtxAction::Short).await
     }
 
-    /// Trigger a long power button press
     pub async fn power_long(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.trigger_power_action(AtxAction::Long).await
     }
 
-    /// Trigger a reset button press
     pub async fn reset(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.trigger_power_action(AtxAction::Reset).await
     }
 
-    /// Get the current power status using the LED sensor (if configured)
     pub async fn power_status(&self) -> PowerStatus {
         let inner = self.inner.read().await;
-
-        if let Some(sensor) = &inner.led_sensor {
-            match sensor.read().await {
-                Ok(status) => status,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    debug!("Failed to read ATX LED sensor: {}", e);
-                    PowerStatus::Unknown
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            PowerStatus::Unknown
-        }
+        Self::read_power_status(inner.led_sensor.as_ref()).await
     }
 
-    /// Get a snapshot of the ATX state for API responses
     pub async fn state(&self) -> AtxState {
         let inner = self.inner.read().await;
 
-        let power_status = if let Some(sensor) = &inner.led_sensor {
-            match sensor.read().await {
-                Ok(status) => status,
-                Err(e) => {
-                    debug!("Failed to read ATX LED sensor: {}", e);
-                    PowerStatus::Unknown
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            PowerStatus::Unknown
-        };
+        let power_status = Self::read_power_status(inner.led_sensor.as_ref()).await;
 
         AtxState {
             available: inner.config.enabled,
@@ -262,3 +271,49 @@ impl AtxController {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::atx::AtxDriverType;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_should_share_serial_device_true() {
+        let power = AtxKeyConfig {
+            driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
+            device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
+            pin: 1,
+            active_level: super::super::types::ActiveLevel::High,
+            baud_rate: 9600,
+        };
+        let reset = AtxKeyConfig {
+            driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
+            device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
+            pin: 2,
+            active_level: super::super::types::ActiveLevel::High,
+            baud_rate: 9600,
+        };
+
+        assert!(AtxController::should_share_serial_device(&power, &reset));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_should_share_serial_device_false_on_different_baud() {
+        let power = AtxKeyConfig {
+            driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
+            device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
+            pin: 1,
+            active_level: super::super::types::ActiveLevel::High,
+            baud_rate: 9600,
+        };
+        let reset = AtxKeyConfig {
+            driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
+            device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
+            pin: 2,
+            active_level: super::super::types::ActiveLevel::High,
+            baud_rate: 115200,
+        };
+
+        assert!(!AtxController::should_share_serial_device(&power, &reset));
+    }
+}

src/atx/disabled_key.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use super::traits::AtxKeyBackend;
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+
+pub struct DisabledAtxKeyBackend {
+    reason: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl DisabledAtxKeyBackend {
+    pub fn new(reason: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self { reason }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AtxKeyBackend for DisabledAtxKeyBackend {
+    async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(AppError::Internal(self.reason.to_string()))
+    }
+
+    async fn pulse(&self, _duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(AppError::Internal(self.reason.to_string()))
+    }
+
+    async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+}

src/atx/disabled_led.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use super::types::{AtxLedConfig, PowerStatus};
+use crate::error::Result;
+
+pub struct LedSensor {
+    config: AtxLedConfig,
+}
+
+impl LedSensor {
+    pub fn new(config: AtxLedConfig) -> Self {
+        Self { config }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_configured(&self) -> bool {
+        self.config.is_configured()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn read(&self) -> Result<PowerStatus> {
+        Ok(PowerStatus::Unknown)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/atx/executor.rs

@@ -1,418 +1,150 @@
-//! ATX Key Executor
-//!
-//! Lightweight executor for a single ATX key operation.
-//! Each executor handles one button (power or reset) with its own hardware binding.
+//! ATX key executor backend selector.
 
-use gpio_cdev::{Chip, LineHandle, LineRequestFlags};
-use serialport::SerialPort;
-use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
-use std::io::Write;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Mutex;
 use std::time::Duration;
-use tokio::time::sleep;
-use tracing::{debug, info};
+use tracing::debug;
 
-use super::types::{ActiveLevel, AtxDriverType, AtxKeyConfig};
+use super::serial_relay::SerialRelayBackend;
+use super::traits::{AtxKeyBackend, AtxKeyBackendContext, SharedSerialHandle};
+use super::types::{AtxDriverType, AtxKeyConfig};
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// Timing constants for ATX operations
 pub mod timing {
     use std::time::Duration;
 
-    /// Short press duration (power on/graceful shutdown)
     pub const SHORT_PRESS: Duration = Duration::from_millis(500);
-
-    /// Long press duration (force power off)
     pub const LONG_PRESS: Duration = Duration::from_millis(5000);
-
-    /// Reset press duration
     pub const RESET_PRESS: Duration = Duration::from_millis(500);
 }
 
-/// Executor for a single ATX key operation
-///
-/// Each executor manages one hardware button (power or reset).
-/// It handles both GPIO and USB relay backends.
 pub struct AtxKeyExecutor {
     config: AtxKeyConfig,
-    gpio_handle: Mutex<Option<LineHandle>>,
-    /// Cached USB relay file handle to avoid repeated open/close syscalls
-    usb_relay_handle: Mutex<Option<File>>,
-    /// Cached Serial port handle
-    serial_handle: Mutex<Option<Box<dyn SerialPort>>>,
-    initialized: AtomicBool,
+    backend: Option<Box<dyn AtxKeyBackend>>,
 }
 
 impl AtxKeyExecutor {
-    /// Create a new executor with the given configuration
     pub fn new(config: AtxKeyConfig) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            config,
-            gpio_handle: Mutex::new(None),
-            usb_relay_handle: Mutex::new(None),
-            serial_handle: Mutex::new(None),
-            initialized: AtomicBool::new(false),
-        }
+        Self::with_context(config, AtxKeyBackendContext::Standalone)
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_with_shared_serial(config: AtxKeyConfig, serial_handle: SharedSerialHandle) -> Self {
+        Self::with_context(config, AtxKeyBackendContext::SharedSerial(serial_handle))
+    }
+
+    pub fn open_shared_serial(device: &str, baud_rate: u32) -> Result<SharedSerialHandle> {
+        SerialRelayBackend::open_shared_serial(device, baud_rate)
+    }
+
+    fn with_context(config: AtxKeyConfig, context: AtxKeyBackendContext) -> Self {
+        let backend = build_backend(&config, context);
+        Self { config, backend }
     }
 
-    /// Check if this executor is configured
     pub fn is_configured(&self) -> bool {
         self.config.is_configured()
     }
 
-    /// Check if this executor is initialized
-    pub fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
-        self.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
-    }
-
-    /// Initialize the executor
     pub async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.config.is_configured() {
             debug!("ATX key executor not configured, skipping init");
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        self.validate_runtime_config()?;
-
-        match self.config.driver {
-            AtxDriverType::Gpio => self.init_gpio().await?,
-            AtxDriverType::UsbRelay => self.init_usb_relay().await?,
-            AtxDriverType::Serial => self.init_serial().await?,
-            AtxDriverType::None => {}
-        }
-
-        self.initialized.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn validate_runtime_config(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        match self.config.driver {
-            AtxDriverType::Serial => {
-                if self.config.pin == 0 {
-                    return Err(AppError::Config(
-                        "Serial ATX channel must be 1-based (>= 1)".to_string(),
-                    ));
-                }
-                if self.config.pin > u8::MAX as u32 {
-                    return Err(AppError::Config(format!(
-                        "Serial ATX channel must be <= {}",
-                        u8::MAX
-                    )));
-                }
-                if self.config.baud_rate == 0 {
-                    return Err(AppError::Config(
-                        "Serial ATX baud_rate must be greater than 0".to_string(),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-            AtxDriverType::UsbRelay => {
-                if self.config.pin > u8::MAX as u32 {
-                    return Err(AppError::Config(format!(
-                        "USB relay channel must be <= {}",
-                        u8::MAX
-                    )));
-                }
-            }
-            AtxDriverType::Gpio | AtxDriverType::None => {}
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Initialize GPIO backend
-    async fn init_gpio(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        info!(
-            "Initializing GPIO ATX executor on {} pin {}",
-            self.config.device, self.config.pin
-        );
-
-        let mut chip = Chip::new(&self.config.device)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO chip open failed: {}", e)))?;
-
-        let line = chip.get_line(self.config.pin).map_err(|e| {
-            AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO line {} failed: {}", self.config.pin, e))
+        let backend = self.backend.as_mut().ok_or_else(|| {
+            AppError::Internal(format!(
+                "ATX backend {:?} is unsupported on this platform",
+                self.config.driver
+            ))
         })?;
 
-        // Initial value depends on active level (start in inactive state)
-        let initial_value = match self.config.active_level {
-            ActiveLevel::High => 0, // Inactive = low
-            ActiveLevel::Low => 1,  // Inactive = high
-        };
-
-        let handle = line
-            .request(LineRequestFlags::OUTPUT, initial_value, "one-kvm-atx")
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO request failed: {}", e)))?;
-
-        *self.gpio_handle.lock().unwrap() = Some(handle);
-        debug!("GPIO pin {} configured successfully", self.config.pin);
-        Ok(())
+        backend.init().await
     }
 
-    /// Initialize USB relay backend
-    async fn init_usb_relay(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        info!(
-            "Initializing USB relay ATX executor on {} channel {}",
-            self.config.device, self.config.pin
-        );
-
-        // Open and cache the device handle
-        let device = OpenOptions::new()
-            .read(true)
-            .write(true)
-            .open(&self.config.device)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("USB relay device open failed: {}", e)))?;
-
-        *self.usb_relay_handle.lock().unwrap() = Some(device);
-
-        // Ensure relay is off initially
-        self.send_usb_relay_command(false)?;
-
-        debug!(
-            "USB relay channel {} configured successfully",
-            self.config.pin
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Initialize Serial relay backend
-    async fn init_serial(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        info!(
-            "Initializing Serial relay ATX executor on {} channel {}",
-            self.config.device, self.config.pin
-        );
-
-        let baud_rate = self.config.baud_rate;
-
-        let port = serialport::new(&self.config.device, baud_rate)
-            .timeout(Duration::from_millis(100))
-            .open()
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Serial port open failed: {}", e)))?;
-
-        *self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap() = Some(port);
-
-        // Ensure relay is off initially
-        self.send_serial_relay_command(false)?;
-
-        debug!(
-            "Serial relay channel {} configured successfully",
-            self.config.pin
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Pulse the button for the specified duration
     pub async fn pulse(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.is_configured() {
             return Err(AppError::Internal("ATX key not configured".to_string()));
         }
 
-        if !self.is_initialized() {
+        let backend = self.backend.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            AppError::Internal(format!(
+                "ATX backend {:?} is unsupported on this platform",
+                self.config.driver
+            ))
+        })?;
+
+        if !backend.is_initialized() {
             return Err(AppError::Internal("ATX key not initialized".to_string()));
         }
 
-        match self.config.driver {
-            AtxDriverType::Gpio => self.pulse_gpio(duration).await,
-            AtxDriverType::UsbRelay => self.pulse_usb_relay(duration).await,
-            AtxDriverType::Serial => self.pulse_serial(duration).await,
-            AtxDriverType::None => Ok(()),
-        }
+        backend.pulse(duration).await
     }
 
-    /// Pulse GPIO pin
-    async fn pulse_gpio(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
-        let (active, inactive) = match self.config.active_level {
-            ActiveLevel::High => (1u8, 0u8),
-            ActiveLevel::Low => (0u8, 1u8),
-        };
-
-        // Set to active state
-        {
-            let guard = self.gpio_handle.lock().unwrap();
-            let handle = guard
-                .as_ref()
-                .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Internal("GPIO not initialized".to_string()))?;
-            handle
-                .set_value(active)
-                .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO set failed: {}", e)))?;
-        }
-
-        // Wait for duration (no lock held)
-        sleep(duration).await;
-
-        // Set to inactive state
-        {
-            let guard = self.gpio_handle.lock().unwrap();
-            if let Some(handle) = guard.as_ref() {
-                handle.set_value(inactive).ok();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Pulse USB relay
-    async fn pulse_usb_relay(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
-        // Turn relay on
-        self.send_usb_relay_command(true)?;
-
-        // Wait for duration
-        sleep(duration).await;
-
-        // Turn relay off
-        self.send_usb_relay_command(false)?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Send USB relay command using cached handle
-    fn send_usb_relay_command(&self, on: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        let channel = u8::try_from(self.config.pin).map_err(|_| {
-            AppError::Config(format!(
-                "USB relay channel {} exceeds max {}",
-                self.config.pin,
-                u8::MAX
-            ))
-        })?;
-
-        // Standard HID relay command format
-        let cmd = if on {
-            [0x00, channel + 1, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
-        } else {
-            [0x00, channel + 1, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
-        };
-
-        let mut guard = self.usb_relay_handle.lock().unwrap();
-        let device = guard
-            .as_mut()
-            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Internal("USB relay not initialized".to_string()))?;
-
-        device
-            .write_all(&cmd)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("USB relay write failed: {}", e)))?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Pulse Serial relay
-    async fn pulse_serial(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
-        info!(
-            "Pulse serial relay on {} pin {}",
-            self.config.device, self.config.pin
-        );
-        // Turn relay on
-        self.send_serial_relay_command(true)?;
-
-        // Wait for duration
-        sleep(duration).await;
-
-        // Turn relay off
-        self.send_serial_relay_command(false)?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Send Serial relay command using cached handle
-    fn send_serial_relay_command(&self, on: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        let channel = u8::try_from(self.config.pin).map_err(|_| {
-            AppError::Config(format!(
-                "Serial relay channel {} exceeds max {}",
-                self.config.pin,
-                u8::MAX
-            ))
-        })?;
-        if channel == 0 {
-            return Err(AppError::Config(
-                "Serial relay channel must be 1-based (>= 1)".to_string(),
-            ));
-        }
-
-        // LCUS-Type Protocol
-        // Frame: [StopByte(A0), Channel, State, Checksum]
-        // Checksum = A0 + channel + state
-        let state = if on { 1 } else { 0 };
-        let checksum = 0xA0u8.wrapping_add(channel).wrapping_add(state);
-
-        // Example for Channel 1:
-        // ON:  A0 01 01 A2
-        // OFF: A0 01 00 A1
-        let cmd = [0xA0, channel, state, checksum];
-
-        let mut guard = self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap();
-        let port = guard
-            .as_mut()
-            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Internal("Serial relay not initialized".to_string()))?;
-
-        port.write_all(&cmd)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Serial relay write failed: {}", e)))?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Shutdown the executor
     pub async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-        if !self.is_initialized() {
-            return Ok(());
+        if let Some(backend) = self.backend.as_mut() {
+            backend.shutdown().await?;
         }
-
-        match self.config.driver {
-            AtxDriverType::Gpio => {
-                // Release GPIO handle
-                *self.gpio_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
-            }
-            AtxDriverType::UsbRelay => {
-                // Ensure relay is off before closing handle
-                let _ = self.send_usb_relay_command(false);
-                // Release USB relay handle
-                *self.usb_relay_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
-            }
-            AtxDriverType::Serial => {
-                // Ensure relay is off before closing handle
-                let _ = self.send_serial_relay_command(false);
-                // Release Serial relay handle
-                *self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
-            }
-            AtxDriverType::None => {}
-        }
-
-        self.initialized.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        debug!("ATX key executor shutdown complete");
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
-impl Drop for AtxKeyExecutor {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        // Ensure GPIO lines are released
-        *self.gpio_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
-
-        // Ensure USB relay is off and handle released
-        if self.config.driver == AtxDriverType::UsbRelay && self.is_initialized() {
-            let _ = self.send_usb_relay_command(false);
-        }
-        *self.usb_relay_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
-
-        // Ensure Serial relay is off and handle released
-        if self.config.driver == AtxDriverType::Serial && self.is_initialized() {
-            let _ = self.send_serial_relay_command(false);
-        }
-        *self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
+fn build_backend(
+    config: &AtxKeyConfig,
+    context: AtxKeyBackendContext,
+) -> Option<Box<dyn AtxKeyBackend>> {
+    match config.driver {
+        AtxDriverType::Serial => Some(match context {
+            AtxKeyBackendContext::Standalone => Box::new(SerialRelayBackend::new(config.clone())),
+            AtxKeyBackendContext::SharedSerial(handle) => Box::new(
+                SerialRelayBackend::new_with_shared_serial(config.clone(), handle),
+            ),
+        }),
+        AtxDriverType::Gpio => build_gpio_backend(config),
+        AtxDriverType::UsbRelay => build_hidraw_backend(config),
+        AtxDriverType::None => None,
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn build_gpio_backend(config: &AtxKeyConfig) -> Option<Box<dyn AtxKeyBackend>> {
+    Some(Box::new(super::gpio_linux::GpioLinuxBackend::new(
+        config.clone(),
+    )))
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(unix))]
+fn build_gpio_backend(_config: &AtxKeyConfig) -> Option<Box<dyn AtxKeyBackend>> {
+    Some(Box::new(super::disabled_key::DisabledAtxKeyBackend::new(
+        "GPIO ATX backend is only available on Linux",
+    )))
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn build_hidraw_backend(config: &AtxKeyConfig) -> Option<Box<dyn AtxKeyBackend>> {
+    Some(Box::new(super::hidraw_linux::HidrawLinuxRelayBackend::new(
+        config.clone(),
+    )))
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(unix))]
+fn build_hidraw_backend(_config: &AtxKeyConfig) -> Option<Box<dyn AtxKeyBackend>> {
+    Some(Box::new(super::disabled_key::DisabledAtxKeyBackend::new(
+        "USB hidraw relay backend is only available on Linux",
+    )))
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::atx::ActiveLevel;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_executor_creation() {
+    fn executor_creation() {
         let config = AtxKeyConfig::default();
         let executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config);
         assert!(!executor.is_configured());
-        assert!(!executor.is_initialized());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_executor_with_gpio_config() {
+    fn executor_with_gpio_config() {
         let config = AtxKeyConfig {
             driver: AtxDriverType::Gpio,
             device: "/dev/gpiochip0".to_string(),
@@ -422,16 +154,15 @@ mod tests {
         };
         let executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config);
         assert!(executor.is_configured());
-        assert!(!executor.is_initialized());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_executor_with_usb_relay_config() {
+    fn executor_with_usb_relay_config() {
         let config = AtxKeyConfig {
             driver: AtxDriverType::UsbRelay,
             device: "/dev/hidraw0".to_string(),
-            pin: 0,
-            active_level: ActiveLevel::High, // Ignored for USB relay
+            pin: 1,
+            active_level: ActiveLevel::High,
             baud_rate: 9600,
         };
         let executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config);
@@ -439,12 +170,12 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_executor_with_serial_config() {
+    fn executor_with_serial_config() {
         let config = AtxKeyConfig {
             driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
             device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
             pin: 1,
-            active_level: ActiveLevel::High, // Ignored
+            active_level: ActiveLevel::High,
             baud_rate: 9600,
         };
         let executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config);
@@ -452,51 +183,9 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_timing_constants() {
+    fn timing_constants() {
         assert_eq!(timing::SHORT_PRESS.as_millis(), 500);
         assert_eq!(timing::LONG_PRESS.as_millis(), 5000);
         assert_eq!(timing::RESET_PRESS.as_millis(), 500);
     }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_executor_init_rejects_serial_channel_zero() {
-        let config = AtxKeyConfig {
-            driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
-            device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
-            pin: 0,
-            active_level: ActiveLevel::High,
-            baud_rate: 9600,
-        };
-        let mut executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config);
-        let err = executor.init().await.unwrap_err();
-        assert!(matches!(err, AppError::Config(_)));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_executor_init_rejects_serial_channel_overflow() {
-        let config = AtxKeyConfig {
-            driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
-            device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
-            pin: 256,
-            active_level: ActiveLevel::High,
-            baud_rate: 9600,
-        };
-        let mut executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config);
-        let err = executor.init().await.unwrap_err();
-        assert!(matches!(err, AppError::Config(_)));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_executor_init_rejects_zero_serial_baud_rate() {
-        let config = AtxKeyConfig {
-            driver: AtxDriverType::Serial,
-            device: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
-            pin: 1,
-            active_level: ActiveLevel::High,
-            baud_rate: 0,
-        };
-        let mut executor = AtxKeyExecutor::new(config);
-        let err = executor.init().await.unwrap_err();
-        assert!(matches!(err, AppError::Config(_)));
-    }
 }

src/atx/gpio_linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use gpio_cdev::{Chip, LineHandle, LineRequestFlags};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::time::sleep;
+use tracing::{debug, info};
+
+use super::traits::AtxKeyBackend;
+use super::types::{ActiveLevel, AtxKeyConfig};
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+
+pub struct GpioLinuxBackend {
+    config: AtxKeyConfig,
+    handle: Mutex<Option<LineHandle>>,
+    initialized: AtomicBool,
+}
+
+impl GpioLinuxBackend {
+    pub fn new(config: AtxKeyConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config,
+            handle: Mutex::new(None),
+            initialized: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AtxKeyBackend for GpioLinuxBackend {
+    async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!(
+            "Initializing GPIO ATX backend on {} pin {}",
+            self.config.device, self.config.pin
+        );
+
+        let mut chip = Chip::new(&self.config.device)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO chip open failed: {}", e)))?;
+
+        let line = chip.get_line(self.config.pin).map_err(|e| {
+            AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO line {} failed: {}", self.config.pin, e))
+        })?;
+
+        let initial_value = match self.config.active_level {
+            ActiveLevel::High => 0,
+            ActiveLevel::Low => 1,
+        };
+
+        let handle = line
+            .request(LineRequestFlags::OUTPUT, initial_value, "one-kvm-atx")
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO request failed: {}", e)))?;
+
+        *self.handle.lock().unwrap() = Some(handle);
+        self.initialized.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        debug!("GPIO pin {} configured successfully", self.config.pin);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn pulse(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
+        if !self.is_initialized() {
+            return Err(AppError::Internal("GPIO not initialized".to_string()));
+        }
+
+        let (active, inactive) = match self.config.active_level {
+            ActiveLevel::High => (1u8, 0u8),
+            ActiveLevel::Low => (0u8, 1u8),
+        };
+
+        {
+            let guard = self.handle.lock().unwrap();
+            let handle = guard
+                .as_ref()
+                .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Internal("GPIO not initialized".to_string()))?;
+            handle
+                .set_value(active)
+                .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("GPIO set failed: {}", e)))?;
+        }
+
+        sleep(duration).await;
+
+        {
+            let guard = self.handle.lock().unwrap();
+            if let Some(handle) = guard.as_ref() {
+                handle.set_value(inactive).ok();
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        *self.handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
+        self.initialized.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for GpioLinuxBackend {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        *self.handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
+    }
+}

src/atx/hidraw_linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::time::sleep;
+use tracing::{debug, info};
+
+use super::traits::AtxKeyBackend;
+use super::types::AtxKeyConfig;
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+
+const USB_RELAY_MAX_CHANNEL: u8 = 8;
+const USB_RELAY_REPORT_LEN: usize = 9;
+const HIDIOCSFEATURE_9: libc::c_ulong = 0xC009_4806;
+
+pub struct HidrawLinuxRelayBackend {
+    config: AtxKeyConfig,
+    handle: Mutex<Option<File>>,
+    initialized: AtomicBool,
+}
+
+impl HidrawLinuxRelayBackend {
+    pub fn new(config: AtxKeyConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config,
+            handle: Mutex::new(None),
+            initialized: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn validate_config(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.config.pin == 0 {
+            return Err(AppError::Config(
+                "USB relay channel must be 1-based (>= 1)".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        if self.config.pin > USB_RELAY_MAX_CHANNEL as u32 {
+            return Err(AppError::Config(format!(
+                "USB HID relay channel must be <= {}",
+                USB_RELAY_MAX_CHANNEL
+            )));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn send_command(&self, on: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        let channel = u8::try_from(self.config.pin).map_err(|_| {
+            AppError::Config(format!(
+                "USB relay channel {} exceeds max {}",
+                self.config.pin,
+                u8::MAX
+            ))
+        })?;
+        if channel == 0 {
+            return Err(AppError::Config(
+                "USB relay channel must be 1-based (>= 1)".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        if channel > USB_RELAY_MAX_CHANNEL {
+            return Err(AppError::Config(format!(
+                "USB HID relay channel must be <= {}",
+                USB_RELAY_MAX_CHANNEL
+            )));
+        }
+
+        let cmd = Self::build_command(channel, on);
+        let mut guard = self.handle.lock().unwrap();
+        let device = guard
+            .as_mut()
+            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Internal("USB relay not initialized".to_string()))?;
+
+        if let Err(feature_err) = Self::send_feature_report(device, &cmd) {
+            debug!(
+                "USB relay feature report failed ({}), falling back to hidraw write",
+                feature_err
+            );
+            device.write_all(&cmd).map_err(|write_err| {
+                AppError::Internal(format!(
+                    "USB relay feature report failed: {}; raw write failed: {}",
+                    feature_err, write_err
+                ))
+            })?;
+            device
+                .flush()
+                .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("USB relay flush failed: {}", e)))?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn build_command(channel: u8, on: bool) -> [u8; USB_RELAY_REPORT_LEN] {
+        let mut cmd = [0x00; USB_RELAY_REPORT_LEN];
+        cmd[1] = if on { 0xFF } else { 0xFD };
+        cmd[2] = channel;
+        cmd
+    }
+
+    fn send_feature_report(
+        device: &File,
+        report: &[u8; USB_RELAY_REPORT_LEN],
+    ) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        let rc = unsafe { libc::ioctl(device.as_raw_fd(), HIDIOCSFEATURE_9, report.as_ptr()) };
+        if rc < 0 {
+            Err(std::io::Error::last_os_error())
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AtxKeyBackend for HidrawLinuxRelayBackend {
+    async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.validate_config()?;
+
+        info!(
+            "Initializing USB relay ATX backend on {} channel {}",
+            self.config.device, self.config.pin
+        );
+
+        let device = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .open(&self.config.device)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("USB relay device open failed: {}", e)))?;
+
+        *self.handle.lock().unwrap() = Some(device);
+        self.send_command(false)?;
+        self.initialized.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+        debug!(
+            "USB relay channel {} configured successfully",
+            self.config.pin
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn pulse(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
+        if !self.is_initialized() {
+            return Err(AppError::Internal("USB relay not initialized".to_string()));
+        }
+
+        self.send_command(true)?;
+        sleep(duration).await;
+        self.send_command(false)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_initialized() {
+            let _ = self.send_command(false);
+        }
+        *self.handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
+        self.initialized.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for HidrawLinuxRelayBackend {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if self.is_initialized() {
+            let _ = self.send_command(false);
+        }
+        *self.handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::HidrawLinuxRelayBackend;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn usb_relay_command_format() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            HidrawLinuxRelayBackend::build_command(1, true),
+            [0x00, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            HidrawLinuxRelayBackend::build_command(1, false),
+            [0x00, 0xFD, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
+        );
+    }
+}

src/atx/led.rs

@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@ use tracing::{debug, info};
 use super::types::{AtxLedConfig, PowerStatus};
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// LED sensor for reading power status
-///
-/// Uses GPIO to read the power LED state and determine if the system is on or off.
 pub struct LedSensor {
     config: AtxLedConfig,
     handle: Mutex<Option<LineHandle>>,
@@ -20,7 +17,6 @@ pub struct LedSensor {
 }
 
 impl LedSensor {
-    /// Create a new LED sensor with the given configuration
     pub fn new(config: AtxLedConfig) -> Self {
         Self {
             config,
@@ -29,17 +25,6 @@ impl LedSensor {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Check if the sensor is configured
-    pub fn is_configured(&self) -> bool {
-        self.config.is_configured()
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the sensor is initialized
-    pub fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
-        self.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
-    }
-
-    /// Initialize the LED sensor
     pub async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.config.is_configured() {
             debug!("LED sensor not configured, skipping init");
@@ -72,9 +57,8 @@ impl LedSensor {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Read the current power status
     pub async fn read(&self) -> Result<PowerStatus> {
-        if !self.is_configured() || !self.is_initialized() {
+        if !self.config.is_configured() || !self.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
             return Ok(PowerStatus::Unknown);
         }
 
@@ -85,11 +69,10 @@ impl LedSensor {
                     .get_value()
                     .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("LED read failed: {}", e)))?;
 
-                // Apply inversion if configured
                 let is_on = if self.config.inverted {
-                    value == 0 // Active low: 0 means on
+                    value == 0
                 } else {
-                    value == 1 // Active high: 1 means on
+                    value == 1
                 };
 
                 Ok(if is_on {
@@ -102,7 +85,6 @@ impl LedSensor {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Shutdown the LED sensor
     pub async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         *self.handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
         self.initialized.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
@@ -125,8 +107,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_led_sensor_creation() {
         let config = AtxLedConfig::default();
         let sensor = LedSensor::new(config);
-        assert!(!sensor.is_configured());
-        assert!(!sensor.is_initialized());
+        assert!(!sensor.config.is_configured());
+        assert!(!sensor.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -138,8 +120,8 @@ mod tests {
             inverted: false,
         };
         let sensor = LedSensor::new(config);
-        assert!(sensor.is_configured());
-        assert!(!sensor.is_initialized());
+        assert!(sensor.config.is_configured());
+        assert!(!sensor.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -151,7 +133,6 @@ mod tests {
             inverted: true,
         };
         let sensor = LedSensor::new(config);
-        assert!(sensor.is_configured());
         assert!(sensor.config.inverted);
     }
 }

src/atx/mod.rs

@@ -2,52 +2,22 @@
 //!
 //! Provides ATX power management functionality for IP-KVM.
 //! Supports flexible hardware binding with independent configuration for each action.
-//!
-//! # Features
-//!
-//! - Power button control (short press for on/graceful shutdown, long press for force off)
-//! - Reset button control
-//! - Power status monitoring via LED sensing (GPIO only)
-//! - Independent hardware binding for each action (GPIO or USB relay)
-//! - Hot-reload configuration support
-//!
-//! # Hardware Support
-//!
-//! - **GPIO**: Uses Linux GPIO character device (/dev/gpiochipX) for direct hardware control
-//! - **USB Relay**: Uses HID USB relay modules for isolated switching
-//!
-//! # Example
-//!
-//! ```ignore
-//! use one_kvm::atx::{AtxController, AtxControllerConfig, AtxKeyConfig, AtxDriverType, ActiveLevel};
-//!
-//! let config = AtxControllerConfig {
-//!     enabled: true,
-//!     power: AtxKeyConfig {
-//!         driver: AtxDriverType::Gpio,
-//!         device: "/dev/gpiochip0".to_string(),
-//!         pin: 5,
-//!         active_level: ActiveLevel::High,
-//!         baud_rate: 9600,
-//!     },
-//!     reset: AtxKeyConfig {
-//!         driver: AtxDriverType::UsbRelay,
-//!         device: "/dev/hidraw0".to_string(),
-//!         pin: 0,
-//!         active_level: ActiveLevel::High,
-//!         baud_rate: 9600,
-//!     },
-//!     led: Default::default(),
-//! };
-//!
-//! let controller = AtxController::new(config);
-//! controller.init().await?;
-//! controller.power_short().await?;  // Turn on or graceful shutdown
-//! ```
 
 mod controller;
+#[cfg(not(unix))]
+mod disabled_key;
 mod executor;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+mod gpio_linux;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+mod hidraw_linux;
+#[cfg(unix)]
 mod led;
+#[cfg(not(unix))]
+#[path = "disabled_led.rs"]
+mod led;
+mod serial_relay;
+mod traits;
 mod types;
 mod wol;
 
@@ -57,22 +27,45 @@ pub use types::{
     ActiveLevel, AtxAction, AtxDevices, AtxDriverType, AtxKeyConfig, AtxLedConfig, AtxPowerRequest,
     AtxState, PowerStatus,
 };
-pub use wol::send_wol;
+pub use wol::{list_wol_history, record_wol_history, send_wol};
+
+#[cfg(any(unix, test))]
+fn hidraw_uevent_is_usb_relay(uevent: &str) -> bool {
+    let upper = uevent.to_ascii_uppercase();
+    upper.contains("000016C0:000005DF")
+        || upper.contains("00005131:00002007")
+        || upper.contains("16C0:05DF")
+        || upper.contains("5131:2007")
+        || upper.contains("PRODUCT=16C0/5DF")
+        || upper.contains("PRODUCT=5131/2007")
+        || upper.contains("USBRELAY")
+        || upper.contains("USB RELAY")
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn is_usb_relay_hidraw(name: &str) -> bool {
+    let uevent_path = format!("/sys/class/hidraw/{}/device/uevent", name);
+    std::fs::read_to_string(uevent_path)
+        .map(|uevent| hidraw_uevent_is_usb_relay(&uevent))
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}
 
 /// Discover available ATX devices on the system
 ///
-/// Scans for GPIO chips and USB HID relay devices in a single pass.
+/// Scans for GPIO chips, LCUS USB HID relay devices, and serial relay ports.
 pub fn discover_devices() -> AtxDevices {
     let mut devices = AtxDevices::default();
 
-    // Single pass through /dev directory
+    devices.serial_ports = crate::utils::list_serial_ports();
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
     if let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir("/dev") {
         for entry in entries.flatten() {
             let name = entry.file_name();
             let name_str = name.to_string_lossy();
             if name_str.starts_with("gpiochip") {
                 devices.gpio_chips.push(format!("/dev/{}", name_str));
-            } else if name_str.starts_with("hidraw") {
+            } else if name_str.starts_with("hidraw") && is_usb_relay_hidraw(&name_str) {
                 devices.usb_relays.push(format!("/dev/{}", name_str));
             } else if name_str.starts_with("ttyUSB") || name_str.starts_with("ttyACM") {
                 devices.serial_ports.push(format!("/dev/{}", name_str));
@@ -83,6 +76,7 @@ pub fn discover_devices() -> AtxDevices {
     devices.gpio_chips.sort();
     devices.usb_relays.sort();
     devices.serial_ports.sort();
+    devices.serial_ports.dedup();
 
     devices
 }
@@ -93,16 +87,33 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_discover_devices() {
-        let devices = discover_devices();
-        // Just verify the function runs without error
-        assert!(devices.gpio_chips.len() >= 0);
-        assert!(devices.usb_relays.len() >= 0);
-        assert!(devices.serial_ports.len() >= 0);
+        let _devices = discover_devices();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hidraw_uevent_detects_usb_relay_id() {
+        assert!(hidraw_uevent_is_usb_relay(
+            "HID_ID=0003:000016C0:000005DF\nHID_NAME=www.dcttech.com USBRelay2\n"
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hidraw_uevent_detects_5131_usb_relay_id() {
+        assert!(hidraw_uevent_is_usb_relay(
+            "HID_ID=0003:00005131:00002007\n"
+        ));
+        assert!(hidraw_uevent_is_usb_relay("PRODUCT=5131/2007/100"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_hidraw_uevent_rejects_unrelated_hid() {
+        assert!(!hidraw_uevent_is_usb_relay(
+            "HID_ID=0003:0000046D:0000C534\nHID_NAME=Logitech USB Receiver\n"
+        ));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_module_exports() {
-        // Verify all public exports are accessible
         let _: AtxDriverType = AtxDriverType::None;
         let _: ActiveLevel = ActiveLevel::High;
         let _: AtxKeyConfig = AtxKeyConfig::default();

src/atx/serial_relay.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::time::sleep;
+use tracing::{debug, info};
+
+use super::traits::{validate_serial_config, AtxKeyBackend, SharedSerialHandle};
+use super::types::AtxKeyConfig;
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+
+pub struct SerialRelayBackend {
+    config: AtxKeyConfig,
+    serial_handle: Mutex<Option<SharedSerialHandle>>,
+    initialized: AtomicBool,
+}
+
+impl SerialRelayBackend {
+    pub fn new(config: AtxKeyConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config,
+            serial_handle: Mutex::new(None),
+            initialized: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_with_shared_serial(config: AtxKeyConfig, serial_handle: SharedSerialHandle) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config,
+            serial_handle: Mutex::new(Some(serial_handle)),
+            initialized: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn open_shared_serial(device: &str, baud_rate: u32) -> Result<SharedSerialHandle> {
+        let port = serialport::new(device, baud_rate)
+            .timeout(Duration::from_millis(100))
+            .open()
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Serial port open failed: {}", e)))?;
+        Ok(Arc::new(Mutex::new(port)))
+    }
+
+    fn send_command(&self, on: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        let channel = u8::try_from(self.config.pin).map_err(|_| {
+            AppError::Config(format!(
+                "Serial relay channel {} exceeds max {}",
+                self.config.pin,
+                u8::MAX
+            ))
+        })?;
+
+        let state = if on { 1 } else { 0 };
+        let checksum = 0xA0u8.wrapping_add(channel).wrapping_add(state);
+        let cmd = [0xA0, channel, state, checksum];
+
+        let serial_handle = self
+            .serial_handle
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_ref()
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Internal("Serial relay not initialized".to_string()))?;
+        let mut port = serial_handle.lock().unwrap();
+
+        port.write_all(&cmd)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Serial relay write failed: {}", e)))?;
+        port.flush()
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Serial relay flush failed: {}", e)))?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl AtxKeyBackend for SerialRelayBackend {
+    async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        validate_serial_config(&self.config)?;
+
+        info!(
+            "Initializing Serial relay ATX backend on {} channel {}",
+            self.config.device, self.config.pin
+        );
+
+        let existing_handle = self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap().as_ref().cloned();
+        if existing_handle.is_none() {
+            let shared = Self::open_shared_serial(&self.config.device, self.config.baud_rate)?;
+            *self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap() = Some(shared);
+        }
+
+        self.send_command(false)?;
+        self.initialized.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+
+        debug!(
+            "Serial relay channel {} configured successfully",
+            self.config.pin
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn pulse(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()> {
+        if !self.is_initialized() {
+            return Err(AppError::Internal(
+                "Serial relay not initialized".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        info!(
+            "Pulse serial relay on {} pin {}",
+            self.config.device, self.config.pin
+        );
+        self.send_command(true)?;
+        sleep(duration).await;
+        self.send_command(false)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        if !self.is_initialized() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let _ = self.send_command(false);
+        *self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
+        self.initialized.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.initialized.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for SerialRelayBackend {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if self.is_initialized() {
+            let _ = self.send_command(false);
+        }
+        *self.serial_handle.lock().unwrap() = None;
+    }
+}

src/atx/traits.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use serialport::SerialPort;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use super::types::AtxKeyConfig;
+use crate::error::Result;
+
+pub type SharedSerialHandle = Arc<Mutex<Box<dyn SerialPort>>>;
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait AtxKeyBackend: Send + Sync {
+    async fn init(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
+
+    async fn pulse(&self, duration: Duration) -> Result<()>;
+
+    async fn shutdown(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
+
+    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum AtxKeyBackendContext {
+    Standalone,
+    SharedSerial(SharedSerialHandle),
+}
+
+pub fn validate_serial_config(config: &AtxKeyConfig) -> Result<()> {
+    if config.device.trim().is_empty() {
+        return Err(crate::error::AppError::Config(
+            "Serial ATX device cannot be empty".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if config.pin == 0 {
+        return Err(crate::error::AppError::Config(
+            "Serial ATX channel must be 1-based (>= 1)".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+    if config.pin > u8::MAX as u32 {
+        return Err(crate::error::AppError::Config(format!(
+            "Serial ATX channel must be <= {}",
+            u8::MAX
+        )));
+    }
+    if config.baud_rate == 0 {
+        return Err(crate::error::AppError::Config(
+            "Serial ATX baud_rate must be greater than 0".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

src/atx/types.rs

@@ -6,67 +6,43 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use typeshare::typeshare;
 
-/// Power status
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum PowerStatus {
-    /// Power is on
     On,
-    /// Power is off
     Off,
-    /// Power status unknown (no LED connected)
     #[default]
     Unknown,
 }
 
-/// Driver type for ATX key operations
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum AtxDriverType {
-    /// GPIO control via Linux character device
     Gpio,
-    /// USB HID relay module
     UsbRelay,
-    /// Serial/COM port relay (taobao LCUS type)
     Serial,
-    /// Disabled / Not configured
     #[default]
     None,
 }
 
-/// Active level for GPIO pins
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum ActiveLevel {
-    /// Active high (default for most cases)
     #[default]
     High,
-    /// Active low (inverted)
     Low,
 }
 
-/// Configuration for a single ATX key (power or reset)
-/// This is the "four-tuple" configuration: (driver, device, pin/channel, level)
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct AtxKeyConfig {
-    /// Driver type (GPIO or USB Relay)
     pub driver: AtxDriverType,
-    /// Device path:
-    /// - For GPIO: /dev/gpiochipX
-    /// - For USB Relay: /dev/hidrawX
     pub device: String,
-    /// Pin or channel number:
-    /// - For GPIO: GPIO pin number
-    /// - For USB Relay: relay channel (0-based)
-    /// - For Serial Relay (LCUS): relay channel (1-based)
     pub pin: u32,
-    /// Active level (only applicable to GPIO, ignored for USB Relay)
     pub active_level: ActiveLevel,
-    /// Baud rate for serial relay (start with 9600)
     pub baud_rate: u32,
 }
 
@@ -83,77 +59,54 @@ impl Default for AtxKeyConfig {
 }
 
 impl AtxKeyConfig {
-    /// Check if this key is configured
     pub fn is_configured(&self) -> bool {
         self.driver != AtxDriverType::None && !self.device.is_empty()
     }
 }
 
-/// LED sensing configuration (optional)
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Default)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct AtxLedConfig {
-    /// Whether LED sensing is enabled
     pub enabled: bool,
-    /// GPIO chip for LED sensing
     pub gpio_chip: String,
-    /// GPIO pin for LED input
     pub gpio_pin: u32,
-    /// Whether LED is active low (inverted logic)
     pub inverted: bool,
 }
 
 impl AtxLedConfig {
-    /// Check if LED sensing is configured
     pub fn is_configured(&self) -> bool {
         self.enabled && !self.gpio_chip.is_empty()
     }
 }
 
-/// ATX state information
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 pub struct AtxState {
-    /// Whether ATX feature is available/enabled
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Whether power button is configured
     pub power_configured: bool,
-    /// Whether reset button is configured
     pub reset_configured: bool,
-    /// Current power status
     pub power_status: PowerStatus,
-    /// Whether power LED sensing is supported
     pub led_supported: bool,
 }
 
-/// ATX power action request
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
 pub struct AtxPowerRequest {
-    /// Action to perform: "short", "long", "reset"
     pub action: AtxAction,
 }
 
-/// ATX power action
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum AtxAction {
-    /// Short press power button (turn on or graceful shutdown)
     Short,
-    /// Long press power button (force power off)
     Long,
-    /// Press reset button
     Reset,
 }
 
-/// Available ATX devices for discovery
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct AtxDevices {
-    /// Available GPIO chips (/dev/gpiochip*)
     pub gpio_chips: Vec<String>,
-    /// Available USB HID relay devices (/dev/hidraw*)
     pub usb_relays: Vec<String>,
-    /// Available Serial ports (/dev/ttyUSB*)
     pub serial_ports: Vec<String>,
 }
 
@@ -201,13 +154,13 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!config.is_configured());
 
         config.driver = AtxDriverType::Gpio;
-        assert!(!config.is_configured()); // device still empty
+        assert!(!config.is_configured());
 
         config.device = "/dev/gpiochip0".to_string();
         assert!(config.is_configured());
 
         config.driver = AtxDriverType::None;
-        assert!(!config.is_configured()); // driver is None
+        assert!(!config.is_configured());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -224,7 +177,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!config.is_configured());
 
         config.enabled = true;
-        assert!(!config.is_configured()); // gpio_chip still empty
+        assert!(!config.is_configured());
 
         config.gpio_chip = "/dev/gpiochip0".to_string();
         assert!(config.is_configured());

src/atx/wol.rs

@@ -3,18 +3,14 @@
 //! Sends magic packets to wake up remote machines.
 
 use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
-use tracing::{debug, info};
+use tracing::info;
 
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// WOL magic packet structure:
-/// - 6 bytes of 0xFF
-/// - 16 repetitions of the target MAC address (6 bytes each)
-///   Total: 6 + 16 * 6 = 102 bytes
+const WOL_HISTORY_MAX_ENTRIES: i64 = 50;
+
 const MAGIC_PACKET_SIZE: usize = 102;
 
-/// Parse MAC address string into bytes
-/// Supports formats: "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF" or "AA-BB-CC-DD-EE-FF"
 fn parse_mac_address(mac: &str) -> Result<[u8; 6]> {
     let mac = mac.trim().to_uppercase();
     let parts: Vec<&str> = if mac.contains(':') {
@@ -44,16 +40,13 @@ fn parse_mac_address(mac: &str) -> Result<[u8; 6]> {
     Ok(bytes)
 }
 
-/// Build WOL magic packet
 fn build_magic_packet(mac: &[u8; 6]) -> [u8; MAGIC_PACKET_SIZE] {
     let mut packet = [0u8; MAGIC_PACKET_SIZE];
 
-    // First 6 bytes are 0xFF
     for byte in packet.iter_mut().take(6) {
         *byte = 0xFF;
     }
 
-    // Next 96 bytes are 16 repetitions of the MAC address
     for i in 0..16 {
         let offset = 6 + i * 6;
         packet[offset..offset + 6].copy_from_slice(mac);
@@ -73,16 +66,13 @@ pub fn send_wol(mac_address: &str, interface: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
 
     info!("Sending WOL packet to {} via {:?}", mac_address, interface);
 
-    // Create UDP socket
     let socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0")
         .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Failed to create UDP socket: {}", e)))?;
 
-    // Enable broadcast
     socket
         .set_broadcast(true)
         .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Failed to enable broadcast: {}", e)))?;
 
-    // Bind to specific interface if specified
     #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
     if let Some(iface) = interface {
         if !iface.is_empty() {
@@ -90,8 +80,7 @@ pub fn send_wol(mac_address: &str, interface: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
             let fd = socket.as_raw_fd();
             let iface_bytes = iface.as_bytes();
 
-            // SO_BINDTODEVICE requires interface name as null-terminated string
-            let mut iface_buf = [0u8; 16]; // IFNAMSIZ is typically 16
+            let mut iface_buf = [0u8; 16];
             let len = iface_bytes.len().min(15);
             iface_buf[..len].copy_from_slice(&iface_bytes[..len]);
 
@@ -112,18 +101,16 @@ pub fn send_wol(mac_address: &str, interface: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
                     iface, err
                 )));
             }
-            debug!("Bound to interface: {}", iface);
+            tracing::debug!("Bound to interface: {}", iface);
         }
     }
 
-    // Send to broadcast address on port 9 (discard protocol, commonly used for WOL)
     let broadcast_addr: SocketAddr = "255.255.255.255:9".parse().unwrap();
 
     socket
         .send_to(&packet, broadcast_addr)
         .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Failed to send WOL packet: {}", e)))?;
 
-    // Also try sending to port 7 (echo protocol, alternative WOL port)
     let broadcast_addr_7: SocketAddr = "255.255.255.255:7".parse().unwrap();
     let _ = socket.send_to(&packet, broadcast_addr_7);
 
@@ -131,6 +118,55 @@ pub fn send_wol(mac_address: &str, interface: Option<&str>) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub async fn record_wol_history(pool: &sqlx::Pool<sqlx::Sqlite>, mac_address: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        INSERT INTO wol_history (mac_address, updated_at)
+        VALUES (?1, CAST(strftime('%s', 'now') AS INTEGER))
+        ON CONFLICT(mac_address) DO UPDATE SET
+            updated_at = excluded.updated_at
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(mac_address)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await?;
+
+    sqlx::query(
+        r#"
+        DELETE FROM wol_history
+        WHERE mac_address NOT IN (
+            SELECT mac_address FROM wol_history
+            ORDER BY updated_at DESC
+            LIMIT ?1
+        )
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(WOL_HISTORY_MAX_ENTRIES)
+    .execute(pool)
+    .await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub async fn list_wol_history(
+    pool: &sqlx::Pool<sqlx::Sqlite>,
+    limit: usize,
+) -> Result<Vec<(String, i64)>> {
+    let rows = sqlx::query_as(
+        r#"
+        SELECT mac_address, updated_at
+        FROM wol_history
+        ORDER BY updated_at DESC
+        LIMIT ?1
+        "#,
+    )
+    .bind(limit as i64)
+    .fetch_all(pool)
+    .await?;
+
+    Ok(rows)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -159,12 +195,10 @@ mod tests {
         let mac = [0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD, 0xEE, 0xFF];
         let packet = build_magic_packet(&mac);
 
-        // Check header (6 bytes of 0xFF)
         for byte in packet.iter().take(6) {
             assert_eq!(*byte, 0xFF);
         }
 
-        // Check MAC repetitions
         for i in 0..16 {
             let offset = 6 + i * 6;
             assert_eq!(&packet[offset..offset + 6], &mac);

src/audio/capture.rs

@@ -1,369 +1,9 @@
-//! ALSA audio capture implementation
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[path = "capture_linux.rs"]
+mod imp;
 
-use alsa::pcm::{Access, Format, Frames, HwParams, State, IO};
-use alsa::{Direction, ValueOr, PCM};
-use bytes::Bytes;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Instant;
-use tokio::sync::{broadcast, watch, Mutex};
-use tracing::{debug, info};
+#[cfg(windows)]
+#[path = "capture_windows.rs"]
+mod imp;
 
-use super::device::AudioDeviceInfo;
-use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
-use crate::utils::LogThrottler;
-use crate::{error_throttled, warn_throttled};
-
-/// Audio capture configuration
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AudioConfig {
-    /// ALSA device name (e.g., "hw:0,0" or "default")
-    pub device_name: String,
-    /// Sample rate in Hz
-    pub sample_rate: u32,
-    /// Number of channels (1 = mono, 2 = stereo)
-    pub channels: u32,
-    /// Samples per frame (for Opus, typically 480 for 10ms at 48kHz)
-    pub frame_size: u32,
-    /// Buffer size in frames
-    pub buffer_frames: u32,
-    /// Period size in frames
-    pub period_frames: u32,
-}
-
-impl Default for AudioConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            device_name: "default".to_string(),
-            sample_rate: 48000,
-            channels: 2,
-            frame_size: 960, // 20ms at 48kHz (good for Opus)
-            buffer_frames: 4096,
-            period_frames: 960,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl AudioConfig {
-    /// Create config for a specific device
-    pub fn for_device(device: &AudioDeviceInfo) -> Self {
-        let sample_rate = if device.sample_rates.contains(&48000) {
-            48000
-        } else {
-            *device.sample_rates.first().unwrap_or(&48000)
-        };
-
-        let channels = if device.channels.contains(&2) {
-            2
-        } else {
-            *device.channels.first().unwrap_or(&2)
-        };
-
-        Self {
-            device_name: device.name.clone(),
-            sample_rate,
-            channels,
-            frame_size: sample_rate / 50, // 20ms
-            ..Default::default()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Bytes per sample (16-bit signed)
-    pub fn bytes_per_sample(&self) -> u32 {
-        2 * self.channels
-    }
-
-    /// Bytes per frame
-    pub fn bytes_per_frame(&self) -> usize {
-        (self.frame_size * self.bytes_per_sample()) as usize
-    }
-}
-
-/// Audio frame data
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AudioFrame {
-    /// Raw PCM data (S16LE interleaved)
-    pub data: Bytes,
-    /// Sample rate
-    pub sample_rate: u32,
-    /// Number of channels
-    pub channels: u32,
-    /// Number of samples per channel
-    pub samples: u32,
-    /// Frame sequence number
-    pub sequence: u64,
-    /// Capture timestamp
-    pub timestamp: Instant,
-}
-
-impl AudioFrame {
-    pub fn new(data: Bytes, config: &AudioConfig, sequence: u64) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            samples: data.len() as u32 / config.bytes_per_sample(),
-            data,
-            sample_rate: config.sample_rate,
-            channels: config.channels,
-            sequence,
-            timestamp: Instant::now(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Audio capture state
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum CaptureState {
-    Stopped,
-    Running,
-    Error,
-}
-
-/// ALSA audio capturer
-pub struct AudioCapturer {
-    config: AudioConfig,
-    state: Arc<watch::Sender<CaptureState>>,
-    state_rx: watch::Receiver<CaptureState>,
-    frame_tx: broadcast::Sender<AudioFrame>,
-    stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    sequence: Arc<AtomicU64>,
-    capture_handle: Mutex<Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>>>,
-    /// Log throttler to prevent log flooding
-    log_throttler: LogThrottler,
-}
-
-impl AudioCapturer {
-    /// Create a new audio capturer
-    pub fn new(config: AudioConfig) -> Self {
-        let (state_tx, state_rx) = watch::channel(CaptureState::Stopped);
-        let (frame_tx, _) = broadcast::channel(16); // Buffer size 16 for low latency
-
-        Self {
-            config,
-            state: Arc::new(state_tx),
-            state_rx,
-            frame_tx,
-            stop_flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
-            sequence: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
-            capture_handle: Mutex::new(None),
-            log_throttler: LogThrottler::with_secs(5),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get current state
-    pub fn state(&self) -> CaptureState {
-        *self.state_rx.borrow()
-    }
-
-    /// Subscribe to state changes
-    pub fn state_watch(&self) -> watch::Receiver<CaptureState> {
-        self.state_rx.clone()
-    }
-
-    /// Subscribe to audio frames
-    pub fn subscribe(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<AudioFrame> {
-        self.frame_tx.subscribe()
-    }
-
-    /// Start capturing
-    pub async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.state() == CaptureState::Running {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        info!(
-            "Starting audio capture on {} at {}Hz {}ch",
-            self.config.device_name, self.config.sample_rate, self.config.channels
-        );
-
-        self.stop_flag.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        let config = self.config.clone();
-        let state = self.state.clone();
-        let frame_tx = self.frame_tx.clone();
-        let stop_flag = self.stop_flag.clone();
-        let sequence = self.sequence.clone();
-        let log_throttler = self.log_throttler.clone();
-
-        let handle = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
-            capture_loop(config, state, frame_tx, stop_flag, sequence, log_throttler);
-        });
-
-        *self.capture_handle.lock().await = Some(handle);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Stop capturing
-    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        info!("Stopping audio capture");
-        self.stop_flag.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        if let Some(handle) = self.capture_handle.lock().await.take() {
-            let _ = handle.await;
-        }
-
-        let _ = self.state.send(CaptureState::Stopped);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Check if running
-    pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
-        self.state() == CaptureState::Running
-    }
-}
-
-/// Main capture loop
-fn capture_loop(
-    config: AudioConfig,
-    state: Arc<watch::Sender<CaptureState>>,
-    frame_tx: broadcast::Sender<AudioFrame>,
-    stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    sequence: Arc<AtomicU64>,
-    log_throttler: LogThrottler,
-) {
-    let result = run_capture(
-        &config,
-        &state,
-        &frame_tx,
-        &stop_flag,
-        &sequence,
-        &log_throttler,
-    );
-
-    if let Err(e) = result {
-        error_throttled!(log_throttler, "capture_error", "Audio capture error: {}", e);
-        let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Error);
-    } else {
-        let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Stopped);
-    }
-}
-
-fn run_capture(
-    config: &AudioConfig,
-    state: &watch::Sender<CaptureState>,
-    frame_tx: &broadcast::Sender<AudioFrame>,
-    stop_flag: &AtomicBool,
-    sequence: &AtomicU64,
-    log_throttler: &LogThrottler,
-) -> Result<()> {
-    // Open ALSA device
-    let pcm = PCM::new(&config.device_name, Direction::Capture, false).map_err(|e| {
-        AppError::AudioError(format!(
-            "Failed to open audio device {}: {}",
-            config.device_name, e
-        ))
-    })?;
-
-    // Configure hardware parameters
-    {
-        let hwp = HwParams::any(&pcm)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to get HwParams: {}", e)))?;
-
-        hwp.set_channels(config.channels)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set channels: {}", e)))?;
-
-        hwp.set_rate(config.sample_rate, ValueOr::Nearest)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set sample rate: {}", e)))?;
-
-        hwp.set_format(Format::s16())
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set format: {}", e)))?;
-
-        hwp.set_access(Access::RWInterleaved)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set access: {}", e)))?;
-
-        hwp.set_buffer_size_near(config.buffer_frames as Frames)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set buffer size: {}", e)))?;
-
-        hwp.set_period_size_near(config.period_frames as Frames, ValueOr::Nearest)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set period size: {}", e)))?;
-
-        pcm.hw_params(&hwp)
-            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to apply hw params: {}", e)))?;
-    }
-
-    // Get actual configuration
-    let actual_rate = pcm
-        .hw_params_current()
-        .map(|h| h.get_rate().unwrap_or(config.sample_rate))
-        .unwrap_or(config.sample_rate);
-
-    info!(
-        "Audio capture configured: {}Hz {}ch (requested {}Hz)",
-        actual_rate, config.channels, config.sample_rate
-    );
-
-    // Prepare for capture
-    pcm.prepare()
-        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to prepare PCM: {}", e)))?;
-
-    let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Running);
-
-    // Allocate buffer - use u8 directly for zero-copy
-    let frame_bytes = config.bytes_per_frame();
-    let mut buffer = vec![0u8; frame_bytes];
-
-    // Capture loop
-    while !stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-        // Check PCM state
-        match pcm.state() {
-            State::XRun => {
-                warn_throttled!(log_throttler, "xrun", "Audio buffer overrun, recovering");
-                let _ = pcm.prepare();
-                continue;
-            }
-            State::Suspended => {
-                warn_throttled!(
-                    log_throttler,
-                    "suspended",
-                    "Audio device suspended, recovering"
-                );
-                let _ = pcm.resume();
-                continue;
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-
-        // Get IO handle and read audio data directly as bytes
-        // Note: Use io() instead of io_checked() because USB audio devices
-        // typically don't support mmap, which io_checked() requires
-        let io: IO<u8> = pcm.io_bytes();
-
-        match io.readi(&mut buffer) {
-            Ok(frames_read) => {
-                if frames_read == 0 {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // Calculate actual byte count
-                let byte_count = frames_read * config.channels as usize * 2;
-
-                // Directly use the buffer slice (already in correct byte format)
-                let seq = sequence.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-                let frame =
-                    AudioFrame::new(Bytes::copy_from_slice(&buffer[..byte_count]), config, seq);
-
-                // Send to subscribers
-                if frame_tx.receiver_count() > 0 {
-                    if let Err(e) = frame_tx.send(frame) {
-                        debug!("No audio receivers: {}", e);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Err(e) => {
-                // Check for buffer overrun (EPIPE = 32 on Linux)
-                let desc = e.to_string();
-                if desc.contains("EPIPE") || desc.contains("Broken pipe") {
-                    // Buffer overrun
-                    warn_throttled!(log_throttler, "buffer_overrun", "Audio buffer overrun");
-                    let _ = pcm.prepare();
-                } else if desc.contains("No such device") || desc.contains("ENODEV") {
-                    // Device disconnected - use longer throttle for this
-                    error_throttled!(log_throttler, "no_device", "Audio read error: {}", e);
-                } else {
-                    error_throttled!(log_throttler, "read_error", "Audio read error: {}", e);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    info!("Audio capture stopped");
-    Ok(())
-}
+pub use imp::*;

src/audio/capture_linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+use alsa::pcm::{Access, Format, Frames, HwParams, State, IO};
+use alsa::{Direction, ValueOr, PCM};
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Instant;
+use tokio::sync::{broadcast, watch, Mutex};
+use tracing::{debug, info};
+
+use crate::audio::device::AudioDeviceInfo;
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+use crate::utils::LogThrottler;
+use crate::{error_throttled, warn_throttled};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AudioConfig {
+    pub device_name: String,
+    pub sample_rate: u32,
+    pub channels: u32,
+    pub frame_size: u32,
+    pub buffer_frames: u32,
+    pub period_frames: u32,
+}
+
+impl Default for AudioConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device_name: String::new(),
+            sample_rate: 48000,
+            channels: 2,
+            frame_size: 960,
+            buffer_frames: 4096,
+            period_frames: 960,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AudioConfig {
+    pub fn for_device(device: &AudioDeviceInfo) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device_name: device.name.clone(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bytes_per_sample(&self) -> u32 {
+        2 * self.channels
+    }
+
+    pub fn bytes_per_frame(&self) -> usize {
+        (self.frame_size * self.bytes_per_sample()) as usize
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AudioFrame {
+    pub data: Bytes,
+    pub sample_rate: u32,
+    pub channels: u32,
+    pub samples: u32,
+    pub sequence: u64,
+    pub timestamp: Instant,
+}
+
+impl AudioFrame {
+    pub fn new_interleaved(data: Bytes, channels: u32, sample_rate: u32, sequence: u64) -> Self {
+        let bps = 2 * channels;
+        Self {
+            samples: data.len() as u32 / bps,
+            data,
+            sample_rate,
+            channels,
+            sequence,
+            timestamp: Instant::now(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CaptureState {
+    Stopped,
+    Running,
+    Error,
+}
+
+pub struct AudioCapturer {
+    config: AudioConfig,
+    state: Arc<watch::Sender<CaptureState>>,
+    state_rx: watch::Receiver<CaptureState>,
+    frame_tx: broadcast::Sender<AudioFrame>,
+    stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    sequence: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    capture_handle: Mutex<Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>>>,
+    log_throttler: LogThrottler,
+}
+
+impl AudioCapturer {
+    pub fn new(config: AudioConfig) -> Self {
+        let (state_tx, state_rx) = watch::channel(CaptureState::Stopped);
+        let (frame_tx, _) = broadcast::channel(16);
+
+        Self {
+            config,
+            state: Arc::new(state_tx),
+            state_rx,
+            frame_tx,
+            stop_flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            sequence: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            capture_handle: Mutex::new(None),
+            log_throttler: LogThrottler::with_secs(5),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn state(&self) -> CaptureState {
+        *self.state_rx.borrow()
+    }
+
+    pub fn state_watch(&self) -> watch::Receiver<CaptureState> {
+        self.state_rx.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn subscribe(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<AudioFrame> {
+        self.frame_tx.subscribe()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.state() == CaptureState::Running {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        debug!(
+            "Starting audio capture on {} at {}Hz {}ch",
+            self.config.device_name, self.config.sample_rate, self.config.channels
+        );
+
+        self.stop_flag.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        let config = self.config.clone();
+        let state = self.state.clone();
+        let frame_tx = self.frame_tx.clone();
+        let stop_flag = self.stop_flag.clone();
+        let sequence = self.sequence.clone();
+        let log_throttler = self.log_throttler.clone();
+
+        let handle = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+            let result = run_capture(
+                &config,
+                &state,
+                &frame_tx,
+                &stop_flag,
+                &sequence,
+                &log_throttler,
+            );
+
+            if let Err(e) = result {
+                error_throttled!(log_throttler, "capture_error", "Audio capture error: {}", e);
+                let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Error);
+            } else {
+                let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Stopped);
+            }
+        });
+
+        *self.capture_handle.lock().await = Some(handle);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("Stopping audio capture");
+        self.stop_flag.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        if let Some(handle) = self.capture_handle.lock().await.take() {
+            let _ = handle.await;
+        }
+
+        let _ = self.state.send(CaptureState::Stopped);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state() == CaptureState::Running
+    }
+}
+
+fn run_capture(
+    config: &AudioConfig,
+    state: &watch::Sender<CaptureState>,
+    frame_tx: &broadcast::Sender<AudioFrame>,
+    stop_flag: &AtomicBool,
+    sequence: &AtomicU64,
+    log_throttler: &LogThrottler,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let pcm = PCM::new(&config.device_name, Direction::Capture, false).map_err(|e| {
+        AppError::AudioError(format!(
+            "Failed to open audio device {}: {}",
+            config.device_name, e
+        ))
+    })?;
+
+    {
+        let hwp = HwParams::any(&pcm)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to get HwParams: {}", e)))?;
+
+        hwp.set_channels(config.channels)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set channels: {}", e)))?;
+
+        hwp.set_rate(config.sample_rate, ValueOr::Nearest)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set sample rate: {}", e)))?;
+
+        hwp.set_format(Format::s16())
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set format: {}", e)))?;
+
+        hwp.set_access(Access::RWInterleaved)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set access: {}", e)))?;
+
+        hwp.set_buffer_size_near(config.buffer_frames as Frames)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set buffer size: {}", e)))?;
+
+        hwp.set_period_size_near(config.period_frames as Frames, ValueOr::Nearest)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set period size: {}", e)))?;
+
+        pcm.hw_params(&hwp)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to apply hw params: {}", e)))?;
+    }
+
+    let hw_now = pcm.hw_params_current().map_err(|e| {
+        AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to read hw_params after apply: {}", e))
+    })?;
+    let actual_rate = hw_now
+        .get_rate()
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to read sample rate: {}", e)))?;
+    let actual_ch = hw_now
+        .get_channels()
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to read channels: {}", e)))?;
+    if actual_rate != 48_000 {
+        return Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
+            "Audio capture requires 48000 Hz; device is {} Hz",
+            actual_rate
+        )));
+    }
+    if actual_ch != 2 {
+        return Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
+            "Audio capture requires 2 channels (stereo); device has {}",
+            actual_ch
+        )));
+    }
+    debug!("Audio capture: 48000 Hz, 2 ch");
+
+    pcm.prepare()
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to prepare PCM: {}", e)))?;
+
+    let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Running);
+
+    let period_frames = pcm
+        .hw_params_current()
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|h| h.get_period_size().ok())
+        .map(|f| f as usize)
+        .unwrap_or(1024)
+        .max(256);
+    let buf_frames = period_frames.saturating_mul(4).max(2048);
+    let bytes_per_frame = (config.channels as usize) * 2;
+    let mut buffer = vec![0u8; buf_frames * bytes_per_frame];
+
+    while !stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        match pcm.state() {
+            State::XRun => {
+                warn_throttled!(log_throttler, "xrun", "Audio buffer overrun, recovering");
+                let _ = pcm.prepare();
+                continue;
+            }
+            State::Suspended => {
+                warn_throttled!(
+                    log_throttler,
+                    "suspended",
+                    "Audio device suspended, recovering"
+                );
+                let _ = pcm.resume();
+                continue;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        // io_bytes: USB capture often lacks mmap (io_checked requires it).
+        let io: IO<u8> = pcm.io_bytes();
+
+        match io.readi(&mut buffer) {
+            Ok(frames_read) => {
+                if frames_read == 0 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let byte_count = frames_read * config.channels as usize * 2;
+
+                let seq = sequence.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                let frame = AudioFrame::new_interleaved(
+                    Bytes::copy_from_slice(&buffer[..byte_count]),
+                    config.channels,
+                    48_000,
+                    seq,
+                );
+
+                if frame_tx.receiver_count() > 0 {
+                    if let Err(e) = frame_tx.send(frame) {
+                        debug!("No audio receivers: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                let desc = e.to_string();
+                if is_device_lost_error(&desc) {
+                    return Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
+                        "Audio device lost while reading {}: {}",
+                        config.device_name, e
+                    )));
+                } else if desc.contains("EPIPE") || desc.contains("Broken pipe") {
+                    warn_throttled!(log_throttler, "buffer_overrun", "Audio buffer overrun");
+                    let _ = pcm.prepare();
+                } else {
+                    error_throttled!(log_throttler, "read_error", "Audio read error: {}", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    info!("Audio capture stopped");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn is_device_lost_error(desc: &str) -> bool {
+    desc.contains("No such device")
+        || desc.contains("ENODEV")
+        || desc.contains("ENXIO")
+        || desc.contains("ESHUTDOWN")
+}

src/audio/capture_windows.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use cpal::traits::{DeviceTrait, StreamTrait};
+use cpal::{BufferSize, SampleFormat, StreamConfig};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use tokio::sync::{broadcast, watch, Mutex};
+use tracing::{debug, info};
+
+use crate::audio::device::{find_wasapi_device, AudioDeviceInfo};
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+use crate::error_throttled;
+use crate::utils::LogThrottler;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AudioConfig {
+    pub device_name: String,
+    pub sample_rate: u32,
+    pub channels: u32,
+    pub frame_size: u32,
+    pub buffer_frames: u32,
+    pub period_frames: u32,
+}
+
+impl Default for AudioConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device_name: String::new(),
+            sample_rate: 48000,
+            channels: 2,
+            frame_size: 960,
+            buffer_frames: 4096,
+            period_frames: 960,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AudioConfig {
+    pub fn for_device(device: &AudioDeviceInfo) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device_name: device.name.clone(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bytes_per_sample(&self) -> u32 {
+        2 * self.channels
+    }
+
+    pub fn bytes_per_frame(&self) -> usize {
+        (self.frame_size * self.bytes_per_sample()) as usize
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AudioFrame {
+    pub data: Bytes,
+    pub sample_rate: u32,
+    pub channels: u32,
+    pub samples: u32,
+    pub sequence: u64,
+    pub timestamp: Instant,
+}
+
+impl AudioFrame {
+    pub fn new_interleaved(data: Bytes, channels: u32, sample_rate: u32, sequence: u64) -> Self {
+        let bps = 2 * channels;
+        Self {
+            samples: data.len() as u32 / bps,
+            data,
+            sample_rate,
+            channels,
+            sequence,
+            timestamp: Instant::now(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CaptureState {
+    Stopped,
+    Running,
+    Error,
+}
+
+pub struct AudioCapturer {
+    config: AudioConfig,
+    state: Arc<watch::Sender<CaptureState>>,
+    state_rx: watch::Receiver<CaptureState>,
+    frame_tx: broadcast::Sender<AudioFrame>,
+    stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    sequence: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+    capture_handle: Mutex<Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>>>,
+    log_throttler: LogThrottler,
+}
+
+impl AudioCapturer {
+    pub fn new(config: AudioConfig) -> Self {
+        let (state_tx, state_rx) = watch::channel(CaptureState::Stopped);
+        let (frame_tx, _) = broadcast::channel(16);
+
+        Self {
+            config,
+            state: Arc::new(state_tx),
+            state_rx,
+            frame_tx,
+            stop_flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            sequence: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+            capture_handle: Mutex::new(None),
+            log_throttler: LogThrottler::with_secs(5),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn state(&self) -> CaptureState {
+        *self.state_rx.borrow()
+    }
+
+    pub fn state_watch(&self) -> watch::Receiver<CaptureState> {
+        self.state_rx.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn subscribe(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<AudioFrame> {
+        self.frame_tx.subscribe()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.state() == CaptureState::Running {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        debug!(
+            "Starting WASAPI audio capture on {} at {}Hz {}ch",
+            self.config.device_name, self.config.sample_rate, self.config.channels
+        );
+
+        self.stop_flag.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        let config = self.config.clone();
+        let state = self.state.clone();
+        let frame_tx = self.frame_tx.clone();
+        let stop_flag = self.stop_flag.clone();
+        let sequence = self.sequence.clone();
+        let log_throttler = self.log_throttler.clone();
+
+        let handle = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+            let result = run_capture(
+                &config,
+                &state,
+                &frame_tx,
+                &stop_flag,
+                &sequence,
+                &log_throttler,
+            );
+
+            if let Err(e) = result {
+                error_throttled!(
+                    log_throttler,
+                    "capture_error",
+                    "WASAPI audio capture error: {}",
+                    e
+                );
+                let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Error);
+            } else {
+                let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Stopped);
+            }
+        });
+
+        *self.capture_handle.lock().await = Some(handle);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        info!("Stopping WASAPI audio capture");
+        self.stop_flag.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        if let Some(handle) = self.capture_handle.lock().await.take() {
+            let _ = handle.await;
+        }
+
+        let _ = self.state.send(CaptureState::Stopped);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state() == CaptureState::Running
+    }
+}
+
+fn run_capture(
+    config: &AudioConfig,
+    state: &watch::Sender<CaptureState>,
+    frame_tx: &broadcast::Sender<AudioFrame>,
+    stop_flag: &AtomicBool,
+    sequence: &AtomicU64,
+    log_throttler: &LogThrottler,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let device = find_wasapi_device(&config.device_name)?;
+    let device_label = device_label(&device);
+
+    let supported = select_input_config(&device, config)?;
+    let sample_format = supported.sample_format();
+    let input_channels = supported.channels() as u32;
+    let input_rate = supported.sample_rate();
+    let stream_config = StreamConfig {
+        channels: supported.channels(),
+        sample_rate: supported.sample_rate(),
+        buffer_size: BufferSize::Fixed(config.period_frames.max(128)),
+    };
+
+    debug!(
+        "WASAPI capture selected: {} @ {}Hz {}ch {:?}",
+        device_label, input_rate, input_channels, sample_format
+    );
+
+    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel::<Vec<i16>>(8);
+    let (err_tx, err_rx) = mpsc::sync_channel::<String>(1);
+    let callback_stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+    let stream = match sample_format {
+        SampleFormat::F32 => build_stream::<f32>(
+            &device,
+            &stream_config,
+            input_channels,
+            input_rate,
+            tx.clone(),
+            err_tx.clone(),
+            callback_stop.clone(),
+        ),
+        SampleFormat::I16 => build_stream::<i16>(
+            &device,
+            &stream_config,
+            input_channels,
+            input_rate,
+            tx.clone(),
+            err_tx.clone(),
+            callback_stop.clone(),
+        ),
+        SampleFormat::U16 => build_stream::<u16>(
+            &device,
+            &stream_config,
+            input_channels,
+            input_rate,
+            tx.clone(),
+            err_tx.clone(),
+            callback_stop.clone(),
+        ),
+        other => {
+            return Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
+                "Unsupported WASAPI sample format: {:?}",
+                other
+            )));
+        }
+    }?;
+
+    stream
+        .play()
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to start WASAPI stream: {}", e)))?;
+
+    let _ = state.send(CaptureState::Running);
+
+    while !stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        if let Ok(err) = err_rx.try_recv() {
+            return Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
+                "WASAPI stream error for {}: {}",
+                device_label, err
+            )));
+        }
+
+        match rx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(100)) {
+            Ok(samples) => {
+                if samples.is_empty() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let seq = sequence.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                let frame = AudioFrame::new_interleaved(
+                    Bytes::copy_from_slice(bytemuck::cast_slice(&samples)),
+                    2,
+                    48_000,
+                    seq,
+                );
+                if frame_tx.receiver_count() > 0 {
+                    if let Err(e) = frame_tx.send(frame) {
+                        debug!("No audio receivers: {}", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Timeout) => {}
+            Err(mpsc::RecvTimeoutError::Disconnected) => {
+                return Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
+                    "WASAPI capture callback stopped for {}",
+                    device_label
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    callback_stop.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+    drop(stream);
+
+    info!("WASAPI audio capture stopped");
+    let _ = log_throttler;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn select_input_config(
+    device: &cpal::Device,
+    config: &AudioConfig,
+) -> Result<cpal::SupportedStreamConfig> {
+    let requested_rate = config.sample_rate;
+    let mut fallback = None;
+
+    let configs = device.supported_input_configs().map_err(|e| {
+        AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to query WASAPI input configs: {}", e))
+    })?;
+
+    for range in configs {
+        let sample_format = range.sample_format();
+        if !matches!(
+            sample_format,
+            SampleFormat::F32 | SampleFormat::I16 | SampleFormat::U16
+        ) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if fallback
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_none_or(|best: &cpal::SupportedStreamConfigRange| {
+                range.cmp_default_heuristics(best).is_gt()
+            })
+        {
+            fallback = Some(range);
+        }
+
+        if range.channels() >= 2
+            && range.min_sample_rate() <= requested_rate
+            && requested_rate <= range.max_sample_rate()
+        {
+            return Ok(range.with_sample_rate(requested_rate));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(range) = fallback {
+        let rate = if range.min_sample_rate() <= requested_rate
+            && requested_rate <= range.max_sample_rate()
+        {
+            requested_rate
+        } else {
+            range.with_max_sample_rate().sample_rate()
+        };
+        return Ok(range.with_sample_rate(rate));
+    }
+
+    device.default_input_config().map_err(|e| {
+        AppError::AudioError(format!(
+            "No supported WASAPI input format found, and default config failed: {}",
+            e
+        ))
+    })
+}
+
+fn build_stream<T>(
+    device: &cpal::Device,
+    config: &StreamConfig,
+    input_channels: u32,
+    input_rate: u32,
+    tx: mpsc::SyncSender<Vec<i16>>,
+    err_tx: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,
+    stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+) -> Result<cpal::Stream>
+where
+    T: cpal::SizedSample + SampleToI16,
+{
+    let mut converter = PcmConverter::new(input_channels, input_rate, 2, 48_000);
+    let data_tx = tx.clone();
+    let stream = device
+        .build_input_stream(
+            config,
+            move |data: &[T], _| {
+                if stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let pcm = converter.convert(data);
+                if !pcm.is_empty() {
+                    let _ = data_tx.try_send(pcm);
+                }
+            },
+            move |err| {
+                let _ = err_tx.try_send(err.to_string());
+            },
+            Some(Duration::from_secs(2)),
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to build WASAPI input stream: {}", e)))?;
+    Ok(stream)
+}
+
+trait SampleToI16: Copy + Send + 'static {
+    fn to_i16_sample(self) -> i16;
+}
+
+impl SampleToI16 for i16 {
+    fn to_i16_sample(self) -> i16 {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl SampleToI16 for u16 {
+    fn to_i16_sample(self) -> i16 {
+        (self as i32 - 32768).clamp(i16::MIN as i32, i16::MAX as i32) as i16
+    }
+}
+
+impl SampleToI16 for f32 {
+    fn to_i16_sample(self) -> i16 {
+        (self.clamp(-1.0, 1.0) * i16::MAX as f32).round() as i16
+    }
+}
+
+struct PcmConverter {
+    input_channels: usize,
+    input_rate: u32,
+    output_channels: usize,
+    output_rate: u32,
+    input_position: u64,
+    next_output_position: u64,
+}
+
+impl PcmConverter {
+    fn new(input_channels: u32, input_rate: u32, output_channels: u32, output_rate: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            input_channels: input_channels.max(1) as usize,
+            input_rate: input_rate.max(1),
+            output_channels: output_channels.max(1) as usize,
+            output_rate: output_rate.max(1),
+            input_position: 0,
+            next_output_position: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn convert<T: SampleToI16>(&mut self, input: &[T]) -> Vec<i16> {
+        let frames = input.len() / self.input_channels;
+        if frames == 0 {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        if self.input_rate == self.output_rate {
+            self.input_position = self.input_position.saturating_add(frames as u64);
+            return self.convert_channels(input, frames);
+        }
+
+        let start = self.input_position;
+        let end = start.saturating_add(frames as u64);
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(
+            ((frames as u64 * self.output_rate as u64 / self.input_rate as u64 + 2) as usize)
+                * self.output_channels,
+        );
+
+        while self.source_position_for_output(self.next_output_position) < end {
+            let src = self.source_position_for_output(self.next_output_position);
+            if src >= start {
+                let local = (src - start) as usize;
+                self.push_frame(input, local.min(frames - 1), &mut out);
+            }
+            self.next_output_position = self.next_output_position.saturating_add(1);
+        }
+
+        self.input_position = end;
+        out
+    }
+
+    fn source_position_for_output(&self, output_position: u64) -> u64 {
+        output_position.saturating_mul(self.input_rate as u64) / self.output_rate as u64
+    }
+
+    fn convert_channels<T: SampleToI16>(&self, input: &[T], frames: usize) -> Vec<i16> {
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(frames * self.output_channels);
+        for frame in 0..frames {
+            self.push_frame(input, frame, &mut out);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    fn push_frame<T: SampleToI16>(&self, input: &[T], frame: usize, out: &mut Vec<i16>) {
+        let base = frame * self.input_channels;
+        let left = input
+            .get(base)
+            .copied()
+            .map(SampleToI16::to_i16_sample)
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        let right = if self.input_channels > 1 {
+            input
+                .get(base + 1)
+                .copied()
+                .map(SampleToI16::to_i16_sample)
+                .unwrap_or(left)
+        } else {
+            left
+        };
+
+        out.push(left);
+        if self.output_channels > 1 {
+            out.push(right);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn device_label(device: &cpal::Device) -> String {
+    device
+        .description()
+        .map(|desc| desc.to_string())
+        .or_else(|_| {
+            #[allow(deprecated)]
+            device.name()
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "Unknown WASAPI capture device".to_string())
+}

src/audio/controller.rs

@@ -1,161 +1,85 @@
-//! Audio controller for high-level audio management
-//!
-//! Provides device enumeration, selection, quality control, and streaming management.
+//! Device selection, quality presets, streaming.
 
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
-use tracing::info;
+use tracing::{debug, info};
 
 use super::capture::AudioConfig;
-use super::device::{enumerate_audio_devices_with_current, AudioDeviceInfo};
-use super::encoder::{OpusConfig, OpusFrame};
-use super::monitor::{AudioHealthMonitor, AudioHealthStatus};
+use super::device::{enumerate_audio_devices_with_current, find_best_audio_device, AudioDeviceInfo};
+use super::encoder::OpusFrame;
+use super::monitor::AudioHealthMonitor;
 use super::streamer::{AudioStreamer, AudioStreamerConfig};
+use super::recovery;
+use super::types::{AudioControllerConfig, AudioQuality, AudioStatus};
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
-use crate::events::{EventBus, SystemEvent};
+use crate::events::EventBus;
 
-/// Audio quality presets
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
-pub enum AudioQuality {
-    /// Low bandwidth voice (32kbps)
-    Voice,
-    /// Balanced quality (64kbps) - default
-    #[default]
-    Balanced,
-    /// High quality audio (128kbps)
-    High,
-}
+pub(super) type AudioRecoveredCallback = Arc<dyn Fn() + Send + Sync>;
 
-impl AudioQuality {
-    /// Get the bitrate for this quality level
-    pub fn bitrate(&self) -> u32 {
-        match self {
-            AudioQuality::Voice => 32000,
-            AudioQuality::Balanced => 64000,
-            AudioQuality::High => 128000,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Parse from string
-    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
-    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Self {
-        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
-            "voice" | "low" => AudioQuality::Voice,
-            "high" | "music" => AudioQuality::High,
-            _ => AudioQuality::Balanced,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Convert to OpusConfig
-    pub fn to_opus_config(&self) -> OpusConfig {
-        match self {
-            AudioQuality::Voice => OpusConfig::voice(),
-            AudioQuality::Balanced => OpusConfig::default(),
-            AudioQuality::High => OpusConfig::music(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for AudioQuality {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            AudioQuality::Voice => write!(f, "voice"),
-            AudioQuality::Balanced => write!(f, "balanced"),
-            AudioQuality::High => write!(f, "high"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Audio controller configuration
-///
-/// Note: Sample rate is fixed at 48000Hz and channels at 2 (stereo).
-/// These are optimal for Opus encoding and match WebRTC requirements.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AudioControllerConfig {
-    /// Whether audio is enabled
-    pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Selected device name
-    pub device: String,
-    /// Audio quality preset
-    pub quality: AudioQuality,
-}
-
-impl Default for AudioControllerConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            enabled: false,
-            device: "default".to_string(),
-            quality: AudioQuality::Balanced,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Current audio status
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
-pub struct AudioStatus {
-    /// Whether audio feature is enabled
-    pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Whether audio is currently streaming
-    pub streaming: bool,
-    /// Currently selected device
-    pub device: Option<String>,
-    /// Current quality preset
-    pub quality: AudioQuality,
-    /// Number of connected subscribers
-    pub subscriber_count: usize,
-    /// Error message if any
-    pub error: Option<String>,
-}
-
-/// Audio controller
-///
-/// High-level interface for audio management, providing:
-/// - Device enumeration and selection
-/// - Quality control
-/// - Stream start/stop
-/// - Status reporting
 pub struct AudioController {
-    config: RwLock<AudioControllerConfig>,
-    streamer: RwLock<Option<Arc<AudioStreamer>>>,
-    devices: RwLock<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>>,
-    event_bus: RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>,
-    last_error: RwLock<Option<String>>,
-    /// Health monitor for error tracking and recovery
+    config: Arc<RwLock<AudioControllerConfig>>,
+    streamer: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<AudioStreamer>>>>,
+    devices: Arc<RwLock<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>>>,
+    event_bus: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
     monitor: Arc<AudioHealthMonitor>,
+    recovery_in_progress: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    recovered_callback: Arc<RwLock<Option<AudioRecoveredCallback>>>,
 }
 
 impl AudioController {
-    /// Create a new audio controller with configuration
     pub fn new(config: AudioControllerConfig) -> Self {
         Self {
-            config: RwLock::new(config),
-            streamer: RwLock::new(None),
-            devices: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
-            event_bus: RwLock::new(None),
-            last_error: RwLock::new(None),
-            monitor: Arc::new(AudioHealthMonitor::with_defaults()),
+            config: Arc::new(RwLock::new(config)),
+            streamer: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
+            devices: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new())),
+            event_bus: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
+            monitor: Arc::new(AudioHealthMonitor::new()),
+            recovery_in_progress: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            recovered_callback: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Set event bus for publishing audio events
     pub async fn set_event_bus(&self, event_bus: Arc<EventBus>) {
-        *self.event_bus.write().await = Some(event_bus.clone());
-        // Also set event bus on the monitor for health notifications
-        self.monitor.set_event_bus(event_bus).await;
+        *self.event_bus.write().await = Some(event_bus);
     }
 
-    /// Publish an event to the event bus
-    async fn publish_event(&self, event: SystemEvent) {
-        if let Some(ref bus) = *self.event_bus.read().await {
-            bus.publish(event);
+    pub async fn set_recovered_callback(&self, callback: Arc<dyn Fn() + Send + Sync>) {
+        *self.recovered_callback.write().await = Some(callback);
+    }
+
+    async fn mark_device_info_dirty(&self) {
+        if let Some(bus) = self.event_bus.read().await.as_ref() {
+            bus.mark_device_info_dirty();
         }
     }
+    fn spawn_recovery_task(&self, lost_device: String, reason: String) {
+        recovery::spawn_recovery_task(
+            self.config.clone(),
+            self.streamer.clone(),
+            self.event_bus.clone(),
+            self.monitor.clone(),
+            self.recovery_in_progress.clone(),
+            self.recovered_callback.clone(),
+            lost_device,
+            reason,
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn spawn_stream_monitor(&self, streamer: Arc<AudioStreamer>, device: String) {
+        recovery::spawn_stream_monitor(
+            self.config.clone(),
+            self.streamer.clone(),
+            self.event_bus.clone(),
+            self.monitor.clone(),
+            self.recovery_in_progress.clone(),
+            self.recovered_callback.clone(),
+            streamer,
+            device,
+        );
+    }
 
-    /// List available audio capture devices
     pub async fn list_devices(&self) -> Result<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>> {
-        // Get current device if streaming (it may be busy and unable to be opened)
         let current_device = if self.is_streaming().await {
             Some(self.config.read().await.device.clone())
         } else {
@@ -167,55 +91,30 @@ impl AudioController {
         Ok(devices)
     }
 
-    /// Refresh device list and cache it
-    pub async fn refresh_devices(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        // Get current device if streaming (it may be busy and unable to be opened)
-        let current_device = if self.is_streaming().await {
-            Some(self.config.read().await.device.clone())
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        let devices = enumerate_audio_devices_with_current(current_device.as_deref())?;
-        *self.devices.write().await = devices;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Get cached device list
     pub async fn get_cached_devices(&self) -> Vec<AudioDeviceInfo> {
         self.devices.read().await.clone()
     }
 
-    /// Select audio device
     pub async fn select_device(&self, device: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        // Validate device exists
         let devices = self.list_devices().await?;
         let found = devices
             .iter()
             .any(|d| d.name == device || d.description.contains(device));
 
-        if !found && device != "default" {
+        if !found {
             return Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
                 "Audio device not found: {}",
                 device
             )));
         }
 
-        // Update config
         {
             let mut config = self.config.write().await;
             config.device = device.to_string();
         }
 
-        // Publish event
-        self.publish_event(SystemEvent::AudioDeviceSelected {
-            device: device.to_string(),
-        })
-        .await;
-
         info!("Audio device selected: {}", device);
 
-        // If streaming, restart with new device
         if self.is_streaming().await {
             self.stop_streaming().await?;
             self.start_streaming().await?;
@@ -224,25 +123,16 @@ impl AudioController {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Set audio quality
     pub async fn set_quality(&self, quality: AudioQuality) -> Result<()> {
-        // Update config
         {
             let mut config = self.config.write().await;
             config.quality = quality;
         }
 
-        // Update streamer if running
-        if let Some(ref streamer) = *self.streamer.read().await {
+        if let Some(streamer) = self.streamer.read().await.as_ref() {
             streamer.set_bitrate(quality.bitrate()).await?;
         }
 
-        // Publish event
-        self.publish_event(SystemEvent::AudioQualityChanged {
-            quality: quality.to_string(),
-        })
-        .await;
-
         info!(
             "Audio quality set to: {:?} ({}bps)",
             quality,
@@ -251,138 +141,133 @@ impl AudioController {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Start audio streaming
     pub async fn start_streaming(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        let config = self.config.read().await.clone();
-
-        if !config.enabled {
-            return Err(AppError::AudioError("Audio is disabled".to_string()));
+        {
+            let config = self.config.read().await;
+            if !config.enabled {
+                return Err(AppError::AudioError("Audio is disabled".to_string()));
+            }
         }
 
-        // Check if already streaming
         if self.is_streaming().await {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        info!("Starting audio streaming with device: {}", config.device);
-
-        // Clear any previous error
-        *self.last_error.write().await = None;
-
-        // Create streamer config (fixed 48kHz stereo)
-        let streamer_config = AudioStreamerConfig {
-            capture: AudioConfig {
-                device_name: config.device.clone(),
-                ..Default::default()
-            },
-            opus: config.quality.to_opus_config(),
+        let mut select_error = None;
+        let (device_name, quality) = {
+            let mut cfg = self.config.write().await;
+            if cfg.device.trim().is_empty() {
+                match find_best_audio_device() {
+                    Ok(best) => cfg.device = best.name,
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        select_error = Some(format!("Failed to select audio device: {}", e));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            (cfg.device.clone(), cfg.quality)
+        };
+
+        if let Some(error_msg) = select_error {
+            self.monitor.report_error(&error_msg, "start_failed").await;
+            self.spawn_recovery_task("auto".to_string(), error_msg.clone());
+            self.mark_device_info_dirty().await;
+            return Err(AppError::AudioError(error_msg));
+        }
+
+        debug!("Starting audio streaming with device: {}", device_name);
+
+        self.monitor.prepare_retry_attempt();
+
+        let streamer_config = AudioStreamerConfig {
+            capture: AudioConfig {
+                device_name: device_name.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            opus: quality.to_opus_config(),
         };
 
-        // Create and start streamer
         let streamer = Arc::new(AudioStreamer::with_config(streamer_config));
 
         if let Err(e) = streamer.start().await {
             let error_msg = format!("Failed to start audio: {}", e);
-            *self.last_error.write().await = Some(error_msg.clone());
 
-            // Report error to health monitor
-            self.monitor
-                .report_error(Some(&config.device), &error_msg, "start_failed")
-                .await;
+            self.monitor.report_error(&error_msg, "start_failed").await;
+            self.spawn_recovery_task(device_name.clone(), error_msg.clone());
 
-            self.publish_event(SystemEvent::AudioStateChanged {
-                streaming: false,
-                device: None,
-            })
-            .await;
+            self.mark_device_info_dirty().await;
 
             return Err(AppError::AudioError(error_msg));
         }
 
+        let streamer_for_monitor = streamer.clone();
         *self.streamer.write().await = Some(streamer);
+        self.spawn_stream_monitor(streamer_for_monitor, device_name.clone());
 
-        // Report recovery if we were in an error state
         if self.monitor.is_error().await {
-            self.monitor.report_recovered(Some(&config.device)).await;
+            self.monitor.report_recovered().await;
         }
 
-        // Publish event
-        self.publish_event(SystemEvent::AudioStateChanged {
-            streaming: true,
-            device: Some(config.device),
-        })
-        .await;
+        self.recovery_in_progress.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        self.mark_device_info_dirty().await;
 
         info!("Audio streaming started");
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Stop audio streaming
     pub async fn stop_streaming(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.recovery_in_progress.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
         if let Some(streamer) = self.streamer.write().await.take() {
             streamer.stop().await?;
         }
 
-        // Publish event
-        self.publish_event(SystemEvent::AudioStateChanged {
-            streaming: false,
-            device: None,
-        })
-        .await;
+        self.monitor.reset().await;
+        self.mark_device_info_dirty().await;
 
         info!("Audio streaming stopped");
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Check if currently streaming
     pub async fn is_streaming(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Some(ref streamer) = *self.streamer.read().await {
-            streamer.is_running()
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
+        self.streamer
+            .read()
+            .await
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|streamer| streamer.is_running())
     }
 
-    /// Get current status
     pub async fn status(&self) -> AudioStatus {
-        let config = self.config.read().await;
-        let streaming = self.is_streaming().await;
-        let error = self.last_error.read().await.clone();
+        let (enabled, device_str, quality) = {
+            let c = self.config.read().await;
+            (c.enabled, c.device.clone(), c.quality)
+        };
+        let error = self.monitor.error_message().await;
 
-        let subscriber_count = if let Some(ref streamer) = *self.streamer.read().await {
-            streamer.stats().await.subscriber_count
+        let (streaming, subscriber_count) = if let Some(ref streamer) = *self.streamer.read().await
+        {
+            let streaming = streamer.is_running();
+            let subscriber_count = streamer.stats().subscriber_count;
+            (streaming, subscriber_count)
         } else {
-            0
+            (false, 0)
         };
 
         AudioStatus {
-            enabled: config.enabled,
+            enabled,
             streaming,
-            device: if streaming || config.enabled {
-                Some(config.device.clone())
+            device: if streaming || enabled {
+                Some(device_str)
             } else {
                 None
             },
-            quality: config.quality,
+            quality,
             subscriber_count,
             error,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Subscribe to Opus frames (for WebSocket clients)
-    pub fn subscribe_opus(&self) -> Option<tokio::sync::watch::Receiver<Option<Arc<OpusFrame>>>> {
-        // Use try_read to avoid blocking - this is called from sync context sometimes
-        if let Ok(guard) = self.streamer.try_read() {
-            guard.as_ref().map(|s| s.subscribe_opus())
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Subscribe to Opus frames (async version)
-    pub async fn subscribe_opus_async(
-        &self,
-    ) -> Option<tokio::sync::watch::Receiver<Option<Arc<OpusFrame>>>> {
+    pub async fn subscribe_opus(&self) -> Option<tokio::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Arc<OpusFrame>>> {
         self.streamer
             .read()
             .await
@@ -390,7 +275,6 @@ impl AudioController {
             .map(|s| s.subscribe_opus())
     }
 
-    /// Enable or disable audio
     pub async fn set_enabled(&self, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
         {
             let mut config = self.config.write().await;
@@ -405,61 +289,25 @@ impl AudioController {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Update full configuration
     pub async fn update_config(&self, new_config: AudioControllerConfig) -> Result<()> {
         let was_streaming = self.is_streaming().await;
-        let old_config = self.config.read().await.clone();
 
-        // Stop streaming if running
         if was_streaming {
             self.stop_streaming().await?;
         }
 
-        // Update config
         *self.config.write().await = new_config.clone();
 
-        // Restart streaming if it was running and still enabled
-        if was_streaming && new_config.enabled {
+        if new_config.enabled {
             self.start_streaming().await?;
         }
 
-        // Publish events for changes
-        if old_config.device != new_config.device {
-            self.publish_event(SystemEvent::AudioDeviceSelected {
-                device: new_config.device.clone(),
-            })
-            .await;
-        }
-
-        if old_config.quality != new_config.quality {
-            self.publish_event(SystemEvent::AudioQualityChanged {
-                quality: new_config.quality.to_string(),
-            })
-            .await;
-        }
-
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Shutdown the controller
     pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
         self.stop_streaming().await
     }
-
-    /// Get the health monitor reference
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> &Arc<AudioHealthMonitor> {
-        &self.monitor
-    }
-
-    /// Get current health status
-    pub async fn health_status(&self) -> AudioHealthStatus {
-        self.monitor.status().await
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the audio is healthy
-    pub async fn is_healthy(&self) -> bool {
-        self.monitor.is_healthy().await
-    }
 }
 
 impl Default for AudioController {
@@ -481,12 +329,23 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_audio_quality_from_str() {
-        assert_eq!(AudioQuality::from_str("voice"), AudioQuality::Voice);
-        assert_eq!(AudioQuality::from_str("low"), AudioQuality::Voice);
-        assert_eq!(AudioQuality::from_str("balanced"), AudioQuality::Balanced);
-        assert_eq!(AudioQuality::from_str("high"), AudioQuality::High);
-        assert_eq!(AudioQuality::from_str("music"), AudioQuality::High);
-        assert_eq!(AudioQuality::from_str("unknown"), AudioQuality::Balanced);
+        assert_eq!(
+            "voice".parse::<AudioQuality>().unwrap(),
+            AudioQuality::Voice
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            "balanced".parse::<AudioQuality>().unwrap(),
+            AudioQuality::Balanced
+        );
+        assert_eq!("high".parse::<AudioQuality>().unwrap(), AudioQuality::High);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_audio_quality_from_str_rejects_aliases_and_unknown() {
+        assert!("low".parse::<AudioQuality>().is_err());
+        assert!("music".parse::<AudioQuality>().is_err());
+        assert!("unknown".parse::<AudioQuality>().is_err());
+        assert!("".parse::<AudioQuality>().is_err());
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]

src/audio/device.rs

@@ -1,271 +1,9 @@
-//! Audio device enumeration using ALSA
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[path = "device_linux.rs"]
+mod imp;
 
-use alsa::pcm::HwParams;
-use alsa::{Direction, PCM};
-use serde::Serialize;
-use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+#[cfg(windows)]
+#[path = "device_windows.rs"]
+mod imp;
 
-use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
-
-/// Audio device information
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
-pub struct AudioDeviceInfo {
-    /// Device name (e.g., "hw:0,0" or "default")
-    pub name: String,
-    /// Human-readable description
-    pub description: String,
-    /// Card index
-    pub card_index: i32,
-    /// Device index
-    pub device_index: i32,
-    /// Supported sample rates
-    pub sample_rates: Vec<u32>,
-    /// Supported channel counts
-    pub channels: Vec<u32>,
-    /// Is this a capture device
-    pub is_capture: bool,
-    /// Is this an HDMI audio device (likely from capture card)
-    pub is_hdmi: bool,
-    /// USB bus info for matching with video devices (e.g., "1-1" from USB path)
-    pub usb_bus: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl AudioDeviceInfo {
-    /// Get ALSA device name
-    pub fn alsa_name(&self) -> String {
-        format!("hw:{},{}", self.card_index, self.device_index)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Get USB bus info for an audio card by reading sysfs
-/// Returns the USB port path like "1-1" or "1-2.3"
-fn get_usb_bus_info(card_index: i32) -> Option<String> {
-    if card_index < 0 {
-        return None;
-    }
-
-    // Read the device symlink: /sys/class/sound/cardX/device -> ../../usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0
-    let device_path = format!("/sys/class/sound/card{}/device", card_index);
-    let link_target = std::fs::read_link(&device_path).ok()?;
-    let link_str = link_target.to_string_lossy();
-
-    // Extract USB port from path like "../../usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0" or "../../1-1/1-1:1.0"
-    // We want the "1-1" part (USB bus-port)
-    for component in link_str.split('/') {
-        // Match patterns like "1-1", "1-2", "1-1.2", "2-1.3.1"
-        if component.contains('-') && !component.contains(':') {
-            // Verify it looks like a USB port (starts with digit)
-            if component
-                .chars()
-                .next()
-                .map(|c| c.is_ascii_digit())
-                .unwrap_or(false)
-            {
-                return Some(component.to_string());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    None
-}
-
-/// Enumerate available audio capture devices
-pub fn enumerate_audio_devices() -> Result<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>> {
-    enumerate_audio_devices_with_current(None)
-}
-
-/// Enumerate available audio capture devices, with option to include a currently-in-use device
-///
-/// # Arguments
-/// * `current_device` - Optional device name that is currently in use. This device will be
-///   included in the list even if it cannot be opened (because it's already open by us).
-pub fn enumerate_audio_devices_with_current(
-    current_device: Option<&str>,
-) -> Result<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>> {
-    let mut devices = Vec::new();
-
-    // Try to enumerate cards
-    let cards = alsa::card::Iter::new();
-
-    for card_result in cards {
-        let card = match card_result {
-            Ok(c) => c,
-            Err(e) => {
-                debug!("Error iterating card: {}", e);
-                continue;
-            }
-        };
-
-        let card_index = card.get_index();
-        let card_name = card.get_name().unwrap_or_else(|_| "Unknown".to_string());
-        let card_longname = card.get_longname().unwrap_or_else(|_| card_name.clone());
-
-        debug!("Found audio card {}: {}", card_index, card_longname);
-
-        // Check if this looks like an HDMI capture device
-        let is_hdmi = card_longname.to_lowercase().contains("hdmi")
-            || card_longname.to_lowercase().contains("capture")
-            || card_longname.to_lowercase().contains("usb");
-
-        // Get USB bus info for this card
-        let usb_bus = get_usb_bus_info(card_index);
-
-        // Try to open each device on this card for capture
-        for device_index in 0..8 {
-            let device_name = format!("hw:{},{}", card_index, device_index);
-
-            // Check if this is the currently-in-use device
-            let is_current_device = current_device == Some(device_name.as_str());
-
-            // Try to open for capture
-            match PCM::new(&device_name, Direction::Capture, false) {
-                Ok(pcm) => {
-                    // Query capabilities
-                    let (sample_rates, channels) = query_device_caps(&pcm);
-
-                    if !sample_rates.is_empty() && !channels.is_empty() {
-                        devices.push(AudioDeviceInfo {
-                            name: device_name,
-                            description: format!("{} - Device {}", card_longname, device_index),
-                            card_index,
-                            device_index,
-                            sample_rates,
-                            channels,
-                            is_capture: true,
-                            is_hdmi,
-                            usb_bus: usb_bus.clone(),
-                        });
-                    }
-                }
-                Err(_) => {
-                    // Device doesn't exist or can't be opened for capture
-                    // But if it's the current device, include it anyway (it's busy because we're using it)
-                    if is_current_device {
-                        debug!(
-                            "Device {} is busy (in use by us), adding with default caps",
-                            device_name
-                        );
-                        devices.push(AudioDeviceInfo {
-                            name: device_name,
-                            description: format!(
-                                "{} - Device {} (in use)",
-                                card_longname, device_index
-                            ),
-                            card_index,
-                            device_index,
-                            // Use common default capabilities for HDMI capture devices
-                            sample_rates: vec![44100, 48000],
-                            channels: vec![2],
-                            is_capture: true,
-                            is_hdmi,
-                            usb_bus: usb_bus.clone(),
-                        });
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Also check for "default" device
-    if let Ok(pcm) = PCM::new("default", Direction::Capture, false) {
-        let (sample_rates, channels) = query_device_caps(&pcm);
-        if !sample_rates.is_empty() {
-            devices.insert(
-                0,
-                AudioDeviceInfo {
-                    name: "default".to_string(),
-                    description: "Default Audio Device".to_string(),
-                    card_index: -1,
-                    device_index: -1,
-                    sample_rates,
-                    channels,
-                    is_capture: true,
-                    is_hdmi: false,
-                    usb_bus: None,
-                },
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    info!("Found {} audio capture devices", devices.len());
-    Ok(devices)
-}
-
-/// Query device capabilities
-fn query_device_caps(pcm: &PCM) -> (Vec<u32>, Vec<u32>) {
-    let hwp = match HwParams::any(pcm) {
-        Ok(h) => h,
-        Err(_) => return (vec![], vec![]),
-    };
-
-    // Common sample rates to check
-    let common_rates = [8000, 16000, 22050, 44100, 48000, 96000];
-    let mut supported_rates = Vec::new();
-
-    for rate in &common_rates {
-        if hwp.test_rate(*rate).is_ok() {
-            supported_rates.push(*rate);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Check channel counts
-    let mut supported_channels = Vec::new();
-    for ch in 1..=8 {
-        if hwp.test_channels(ch).is_ok() {
-            supported_channels.push(ch);
-        }
-    }
-
-    (supported_rates, supported_channels)
-}
-
-/// Find the best audio device for capture
-/// Prefers HDMI/capture devices over built-in microphones
-pub fn find_best_audio_device() -> Result<AudioDeviceInfo> {
-    let devices = enumerate_audio_devices()?;
-
-    if devices.is_empty() {
-        return Err(AppError::AudioError(
-            "No audio capture devices found".to_string(),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    // First, look for HDMI/capture card devices that support 48kHz stereo
-    for device in &devices {
-        if device.is_hdmi && device.sample_rates.contains(&48000) && device.channels.contains(&2) {
-            info!("Selected HDMI audio device: {}", device.description);
-            return Ok(device.clone());
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Then look for any device supporting 48kHz stereo
-    for device in &devices {
-        if device.sample_rates.contains(&48000) && device.channels.contains(&2) {
-            info!("Selected audio device: {}", device.description);
-            return Ok(device.clone());
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Fall back to first device
-    let device = devices.into_iter().next().unwrap();
-    warn!(
-        "Using fallback audio device: {} (may not support optimal settings)",
-        device.description
-    );
-    Ok(device)
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_enumerate_devices() {
-        // This test may not find devices in CI environment
-        let result = enumerate_audio_devices();
-        println!("Audio devices: {:?}", result);
-        // Just verify it doesn't panic
-        assert!(result.is_ok());
-    }
-}
+pub use imp::*;

src/audio/device_linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+use alsa::pcm::HwParams;
+use alsa::{Direction, PCM};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct AudioDeviceInfo {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub card_index: i32,
+    pub device_index: i32,
+    pub sample_rates: Vec<u32>,
+    pub channels: Vec<u32>,
+    pub is_capture: bool,
+    pub is_hdmi: bool,
+    pub usb_bus: Option<String>,
+}
+
+fn get_usb_bus_info(card_index: i32) -> Option<String> {
+    if card_index < 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let device_path = format!("/sys/class/sound/card{}/device", card_index);
+    let link_target = std::fs::read_link(&device_path).ok()?;
+    let link_str = link_target.to_string_lossy();
+
+    for component in link_str.split('/') {
+        if component.contains('-') && !component.contains(':') {
+            if component
+                .chars()
+                .next()
+                .map(|c| c.is_ascii_digit())
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+            {
+                return Some(component.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn enumerate_audio_devices() -> Result<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>> {
+    enumerate_audio_devices_with_current(None)
+}
+
+pub fn enumerate_audio_devices_with_current(
+    current_device: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>> {
+    let mut devices = Vec::new();
+
+    let cards = alsa::card::Iter::new();
+
+    for card_result in cards {
+        let card = match card_result {
+            Ok(c) => c,
+            Err(e) => {
+                debug!("Error iterating card: {}", e);
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let card_index = card.get_index();
+        let card_name = card.get_name().unwrap_or_else(|_| "Unknown".to_string());
+        let card_longname = card.get_longname().unwrap_or_else(|_| card_name.clone());
+
+        debug!("Found audio card {}: {}", card_index, card_longname);
+
+        let long_lower = card_longname.to_lowercase();
+        let is_hdmi = long_lower.contains("hdmi")
+            || long_lower.contains("capture")
+            || long_lower.contains("usb");
+
+        let usb_bus = get_usb_bus_info(card_index);
+
+        for device_index in 0..8 {
+            let device_name = format!("hw:{},{}", card_index, device_index);
+            let is_current_device = current_device == Some(device_name.as_str());
+
+            let mut push_info =
+                |sample_rates: Vec<u32>, channels: Vec<u32>, description: String| {
+                    devices.push(AudioDeviceInfo {
+                        name: device_name.clone(),
+                        description,
+                        card_index,
+                        device_index,
+                        sample_rates,
+                        channels,
+                        is_capture: true,
+                        is_hdmi,
+                        usb_bus: usb_bus.clone(),
+                    });
+                };
+
+            match PCM::new(&device_name, Direction::Capture, false) {
+                Ok(pcm) => {
+                    let (sample_rates, channels) = query_device_caps(&pcm);
+
+                    if !sample_rates.is_empty() && !channels.is_empty() {
+                        push_info(
+                            sample_rates,
+                            channels,
+                            format!("{} - Device {}", card_longname, device_index),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => {
+                    if is_current_device {
+                        debug!(
+                            "Device {} is busy (in use by us), adding with default caps",
+                            device_name
+                        );
+                        push_info(
+                            vec![44100, 48000],
+                            vec![2],
+                            format!("{} - Device {} (in use)", card_longname, device_index),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    info!("Found {} audio capture devices", devices.len());
+    Ok(devices)
+}
+
+fn query_device_caps(pcm: &PCM) -> (Vec<u32>, Vec<u32>) {
+    let hwp = match HwParams::any(pcm) {
+        Ok(h) => h,
+        Err(_) => return (vec![], vec![]),
+    };
+
+    let common_rates = [8000, 16000, 22050, 44100, 48000, 96000];
+    let mut supported_rates = Vec::new();
+
+    for rate in &common_rates {
+        if hwp.test_rate(*rate).is_ok() {
+            supported_rates.push(*rate);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut supported_channels = Vec::new();
+    for ch in 1..=8 {
+        if hwp.test_channels(ch).is_ok() {
+            supported_channels.push(ch);
+        }
+    }
+
+    (supported_rates, supported_channels)
+}
+
+pub fn find_best_audio_device() -> Result<AudioDeviceInfo> {
+    let devices = enumerate_audio_devices()?;
+
+    if devices.is_empty() {
+        return Err(AppError::AudioError(
+            "No audio capture devices found".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let mut first_48k_stereo: Option<&AudioDeviceInfo> = None;
+    for device in &devices {
+        if !device.sample_rates.contains(&48000) || !device.channels.contains(&2) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if device.is_hdmi {
+            info!("Selected HDMI audio device: {}", device.description);
+            return Ok(device.clone());
+        }
+        if first_48k_stereo.is_none() {
+            first_48k_stereo = Some(device);
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(device) = first_48k_stereo {
+        info!("Selected audio device: {}", device.description);
+        return Ok(device.clone());
+    }
+
+    let device = devices.into_iter().next().unwrap();
+    warn!(
+        "Using fallback audio device: {} (may not support optimal settings)",
+        device.description
+    );
+    Ok(device)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_enumerate_devices() {
+        let result = enumerate_audio_devices();
+        println!("Audio devices: {:?}", result);
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+    }
+}

src/audio/device_windows.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+use cpal::traits::{DeviceTrait, HostTrait};
+use cpal::DeviceId;
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct AudioDeviceInfo {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: String,
+    pub card_index: i32,
+    pub device_index: i32,
+    pub sample_rates: Vec<u32>,
+    pub channels: Vec<u32>,
+    pub is_capture: bool,
+    pub is_hdmi: bool,
+    pub usb_bus: Option<String>,
+}
+
+pub fn enumerate_audio_devices() -> Result<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>> {
+    enumerate_audio_devices_with_current(None)
+}
+
+pub fn enumerate_audio_devices_with_current(
+    current_device: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<Vec<AudioDeviceInfo>> {
+    let host = cpal::default_host();
+    let devices = host
+        .input_devices()
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to enumerate WASAPI devices: {}", e)))?;
+
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+
+    for (index, device) in devices.enumerate() {
+        let labels = device_labels(&device);
+        let id = device
+            .id()
+            .map(|id| id.to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| format!("wasapi-index:{}", index));
+
+        let (sample_rates, channels) = query_device_caps(&device);
+        if sample_rates.is_empty() || channels.is_empty() {
+            debug!(
+                "Skipping WASAPI endpoint without usable input caps: {}",
+                labels.search_text
+            );
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let is_current =
+            current_device == Some(id.as_str()) || current_device == Some(labels.display.as_str());
+        let description = if is_current {
+            format!("{} (in use)", labels.display)
+        } else {
+            labels.display.clone()
+        };
+
+        let lower = labels.search_text.to_lowercase();
+        let is_hdmi = lower.contains("hdmi")
+            || lower.contains("capture")
+            || lower.contains("usb")
+            || lower.contains("digital");
+
+        result.push(AudioDeviceInfo {
+            name: id,
+            description,
+            card_index: index as i32,
+            device_index: 0,
+            sample_rates,
+            channels,
+            is_capture: true,
+            is_hdmi,
+            usb_bus: None,
+        });
+    }
+
+    info!("Found {} WASAPI audio capture devices", result.len());
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+fn query_device_caps(device: &cpal::Device) -> (Vec<u32>, Vec<u32>) {
+    let mut sample_rates = Vec::new();
+    let mut channels = Vec::new();
+
+    if let Ok(configs) = device.supported_input_configs() {
+        for cfg in configs {
+            for rate in [8000, 16000, 22050, 44100, 48000, 96000] {
+                if cfg.min_sample_rate() <= rate
+                    && rate <= cfg.max_sample_rate()
+                    && !sample_rates.contains(&rate)
+                {
+                    sample_rates.push(rate);
+                }
+            }
+
+            let ch = cfg.channels() as u32;
+            if !channels.contains(&ch) {
+                channels.push(ch);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (sample_rates.is_empty() || channels.is_empty()) && device.default_input_config().is_ok() {
+        if let Ok(default_cfg) = device.default_input_config() {
+            if !sample_rates.contains(&default_cfg.sample_rate()) {
+                sample_rates.push(default_cfg.sample_rate());
+            }
+            let ch = default_cfg.channels() as u32;
+            if !channels.contains(&ch) {
+                channels.push(ch);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    sample_rates.sort_unstable();
+    channels.sort_unstable();
+    (sample_rates, channels)
+}
+
+struct DeviceLabels {
+    display: String,
+    search_text: String,
+}
+
+fn device_labels(device: &cpal::Device) -> DeviceLabels {
+    match device.description() {
+        Ok(desc) => {
+            let formatted = desc.to_string();
+            let display = desc
+                .extended()
+                .first()
+                .cloned()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| formatted.clone());
+            let mut parts = vec![formatted, desc.name().to_string(), display.clone()];
+            parts.extend(desc.extended().iter().cloned());
+
+            DeviceLabels {
+                display,
+                search_text: parts.join(" "),
+            }
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            #[allow(deprecated)]
+            let display = device
+                .name()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| "Unknown WASAPI capture device".to_string());
+            DeviceLabels {
+                display: display.clone(),
+                search_text: display,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn find_wasapi_device(requested_device: &str) -> Result<cpal::Device> {
+    let host = cpal::default_host();
+    let trimmed = requested_device.trim();
+
+    if trimmed.is_empty()
+        || trimmed.eq_ignore_ascii_case("auto")
+        || trimmed.eq_ignore_ascii_case("default")
+    {
+        return host.default_input_device().ok_or_else(|| {
+            AppError::AudioError("No default WASAPI input device found".to_string())
+        });
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(id) = DeviceId::from_str(trimmed) {
+        if let Some(device) = host.device_by_id(&id) {
+            return Ok(device);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let needle = trimmed.to_lowercase();
+    let devices = host
+        .input_devices()
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to enumerate WASAPI devices: {}", e)))?;
+
+    for device in devices {
+        let id_match = device
+            .id()
+            .map(|id| id.to_string() == trimmed)
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        let labels = device_labels(&device);
+        if id_match || labels.search_text.to_lowercase().contains(&needle) {
+            return Ok(device);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Err(AppError::AudioError(format!(
+        "WASAPI audio device not found: {}",
+        requested_device
+    )))
+}
+
+pub fn find_best_audio_device() -> Result<AudioDeviceInfo> {
+    let devices = enumerate_audio_devices()?;
+
+    if devices.is_empty() {
+        return Err(AppError::AudioError(
+            "No WASAPI audio capture devices found".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let mut first_48k_stereo: Option<&AudioDeviceInfo> = None;
+    for device in &devices {
+        if !device.sample_rates.contains(&48000) || !device.channels.contains(&2) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if device.is_hdmi {
+            info!("Selected WASAPI capture device: {}", device.description);
+            return Ok(device.clone());
+        }
+        if first_48k_stereo.is_none() {
+            first_48k_stereo = Some(device);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(device) = first_48k_stereo {
+        info!("Selected WASAPI capture device: {}", device.description);
+        return Ok(device.clone());
+    }
+
+    let device = devices.into_iter().next().unwrap();
+    warn!(
+        "Using fallback WASAPI audio device: {} (will resample if needed)",
+        device.description
+    );
+    Ok(device)
+}

src/audio/encoder.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,19 @@
-//! Opus audio encoder for WebRTC
+//! Opus encoder.
 
 use audiopus::coder::GenericCtl;
 use audiopus::{coder::Encoder, Application, Bitrate, Channels, SampleRate};
 use bytes::Bytes;
-use std::time::Instant;
-use tracing::info;
+use tracing::debug;
 
 use super::capture::AudioFrame;
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// Opus encoder configuration
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct OpusConfig {
-    /// Sample rate (must be 8000, 12000, 16000, 24000, or 48000)
     pub sample_rate: u32,
-    /// Channels (1 or 2)
     pub channels: u32,
-    /// Target bitrate in bps
     pub bitrate: u32,
-    /// Application mode
     pub application: OpusApplication,
-    /// Enable forward error correction
     pub fec: bool,
 }
 
@@ -29,7 +22,7 @@ impl Default for OpusConfig {
         Self {
             sample_rate: 48000,
             channels: 2,
-            bitrate: 64000, // 64 kbps
+            bitrate: 64000,
             application: OpusApplication::Audio,
             fec: true,
         }
@@ -37,7 +30,6 @@ impl Default for OpusConfig {
 }
 
 impl OpusConfig {
-    /// Create config for voice (lower latency)
     pub fn voice() -> Self {
         Self {
             application: OpusApplication::Voip,
@@ -46,7 +38,6 @@ impl OpusConfig {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create config for music (higher quality)
     pub fn music() -> Self {
         Self {
             application: OpusApplication::Audio,
@@ -82,30 +73,18 @@ impl OpusConfig {
     }
 }
 
-/// Opus application mode
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum OpusApplication {
-    /// Voice over IP
     Voip,
-    /// General audio
     Audio,
-    /// Low delay mode
     LowDelay,
 }
 
-/// Encoded Opus frame
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct OpusFrame {
-    /// Encoded Opus data
     pub data: Bytes,
-    /// Duration in milliseconds
     pub duration_ms: u32,
-    /// Sequence number
     pub sequence: u64,
-    /// Timestamp
-    pub timestamp: Instant,
-    /// RTP timestamp (samples)
-    pub rtp_timestamp: u32,
 }
 
 impl OpusFrame {
@@ -118,20 +97,14 @@ impl OpusFrame {
     }
 }
 
-/// Opus encoder
 pub struct OpusEncoder {
     config: OpusConfig,
     encoder: Encoder,
-    /// Output buffer
     output_buffer: Vec<u8>,
-    /// Frame counter for RTP timestamp
     frame_count: u64,
-    /// Samples per frame
-    samples_per_frame: u32,
 }
 
 impl OpusEncoder {
-    /// Create a new Opus encoder
     pub fn new(config: OpusConfig) -> Result<Self> {
         let sample_rate = config.to_audiopus_sample_rate();
         let channels = config.to_audiopus_channels();
@@ -140,7 +113,6 @@ impl OpusEncoder {
         let mut encoder = Encoder::new(sample_rate, channels, application)
             .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to create Opus encoder: {:?}", e)))?;
 
-        // Configure encoder
         encoder
             .set_bitrate(Bitrate::BitsPerSecond(config.bitrate as i32))
             .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to set bitrate: {:?}", e)))?;
@@ -151,10 +123,7 @@ impl OpusEncoder {
                 .map_err(|e| AppError::AudioError(format!("Failed to enable FEC: {:?}", e)))?;
         }
 
-        // Calculate samples per frame (20ms at sample_rate)
-        let samples_per_frame = config.sample_rate / 50;
-
-        info!(
+        debug!(
             "Opus encoder created: {}Hz {}ch {}bps",
             config.sample_rate, config.channels, config.bitrate
         );
@@ -162,18 +131,11 @@ impl OpusEncoder {
         Ok(Self {
             config,
             encoder,
-            output_buffer: vec![0u8; 4000], // Max Opus frame size
+            output_buffer: vec![0u8; 4000],
             frame_count: 0,
-            samples_per_frame,
         })
     }
 
-    /// Create with default configuration
-    pub fn default_config() -> Result<Self> {
-        Self::new(OpusConfig::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Encode PCM audio data (S16LE interleaved)
     pub fn encode(&mut self, pcm_data: &[i16]) -> Result<OpusFrame> {
         let encoded_len = self
             .encoder
@@ -182,7 +144,6 @@ impl OpusEncoder {
 
         let samples = pcm_data.len() as u32 / self.config.channels;
         let duration_ms = (samples * 1000) / self.config.sample_rate;
-        let rtp_timestamp = (self.frame_count * self.samples_per_frame as u64) as u32;
 
         self.frame_count += 1;
 
@@ -190,27 +151,18 @@ impl OpusEncoder {
             data: Bytes::copy_from_slice(&self.output_buffer[..encoded_len]),
             duration_ms,
             sequence: self.frame_count - 1,
-            timestamp: Instant::now(),
-            rtp_timestamp,
         })
     }
 
-    /// Encode from AudioFrame
-    ///
-    /// Uses zero-copy conversion from bytes to i16 samples via bytemuck.
     pub fn encode_frame(&mut self, frame: &AudioFrame) -> Result<OpusFrame> {
-        // Zero-copy: directly cast bytes to i16 slice
-        // AudioFrame.data is S16LE format, which matches native little-endian i16
         let samples: &[i16] = bytemuck::cast_slice(&frame.data);
         self.encode(samples)
     }
 
-    /// Get encoder configuration
     pub fn config(&self) -> &OpusConfig {
         &self.config
     }
 
-    /// Reset encoder state
     pub fn reset(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
         self.encoder
             .reset_state()
@@ -219,7 +171,6 @@ impl OpusEncoder {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Set bitrate dynamically
     pub fn set_bitrate(&mut self, bitrate: u32) -> Result<()> {
         self.encoder
             .set_bitrate(Bitrate::BitsPerSecond(bitrate as i32))
@@ -228,15 +179,6 @@ impl OpusEncoder {
     }
 }
 
-/// Audio encoder statistics
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct EncoderStats {
-    pub frames_encoded: u64,
-    pub bytes_output: u64,
-    pub avg_frame_size: usize,
-    pub current_bitrate: u32,
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -261,13 +203,12 @@ mod tests {
         let config = OpusConfig::default();
         let mut encoder = OpusEncoder::new(config).unwrap();
 
-        // 20ms of stereo silence at 48kHz
         let silence = vec![0i16; 960 * 2];
         let result = encoder.encode(&silence);
         assert!(result.is_ok());
 
         let frame = result.unwrap();
         assert!(!frame.is_empty());
-        assert!(frame.len() < silence.len() * 2); // Should be compressed
+        assert!(frame.len() < silence.len() * 2);
     }
 }

src/audio/mod.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
-//! Audio capture and encoding module
-//!
-//! This module provides:
-//! - ALSA audio capture
-//! - Opus encoding for WebRTC
-//! - Audio device enumeration
-//! - Audio streaming pipeline
-//! - High-level audio controller
-//! - Device health monitoring
+//! Platform audio capture, Opus encode, device enumeration, streaming, controller, health monitor.
 
+#[cfg(any(unix, windows))]
 pub mod capture;
 pub mod controller;
+#[cfg(any(unix, windows))]
 pub mod device;
+#[cfg(any(unix, windows))]
 pub mod encoder;
 pub mod monitor;
+pub mod recovery;
 pub mod streamer;
+pub mod types;
 
 pub use capture::{AudioCapturer, AudioConfig, AudioFrame};
-pub use controller::{AudioController, AudioControllerConfig, AudioQuality, AudioStatus};
+pub use controller::AudioController;
 pub use device::{enumerate_audio_devices, enumerate_audio_devices_with_current, AudioDeviceInfo};
 pub use encoder::{OpusConfig, OpusEncoder, OpusFrame};
-pub use monitor::{AudioHealthMonitor, AudioHealthStatus, AudioMonitorConfig};
+pub use monitor::{AudioHealthMonitor, AudioHealthStatus};
 pub use streamer::{AudioStreamState, AudioStreamer, AudioStreamerConfig};
+pub use types::{AudioControllerConfig, AudioQuality, AudioStatus};

src/audio/monitor.rs

@@ -1,129 +1,58 @@
-//! Audio device health monitoring
-//!
-//! This module provides health monitoring for audio capture devices, including:
-//! - Device connectivity checks
-//! - Automatic reconnection on failure
-//! - Error tracking and notification
-//! - Log throttling to prevent log flooding
+//! Audio device health and logging throttle for repeated failures.
 
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
-use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+use tracing::{info, warn};
 
-use crate::events::{EventBus, SystemEvent};
 use crate::utils::LogThrottler;
 
-/// Audio health status
+const LOG_THROTTLE_SECS: u64 = 5;
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
 pub enum AudioHealthStatus {
-    /// Device is healthy and operational
     #[default]
     Healthy,
-    /// Device has an error, attempting recovery
     Error {
-        /// Human-readable error reason
         reason: String,
-        /// Error code for programmatic handling
         error_code: String,
-        /// Number of recovery attempts made
-        retry_count: u32,
     },
-    /// Device is disconnected or not available
-    Disconnected,
 }
 
-/// Audio health monitor configuration
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct AudioMonitorConfig {
-    /// Retry interval when device is lost (milliseconds)
-    pub retry_interval_ms: u64,
-    /// Maximum retry attempts before giving up (0 = infinite)
-    pub max_retries: u32,
-    /// Log throttle interval in seconds
-    pub log_throttle_secs: u64,
-}
-
-impl Default for AudioMonitorConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            retry_interval_ms: 1000,
-            max_retries: 0, // infinite retry
-            log_throttle_secs: 5,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Audio health monitor
-///
-/// Monitors audio device health and manages error recovery.
-/// Publishes WebSocket events when device status changes.
 pub struct AudioHealthMonitor {
-    /// Current health status
     status: RwLock<AudioHealthStatus>,
-    /// Event bus for notifications
-    events: RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>,
-    /// Log throttler to prevent log flooding
     throttler: LogThrottler,
-    /// Configuration
-    config: AudioMonitorConfig,
-    /// Whether monitoring is active (reserved for future use)
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    running: AtomicBool,
-    /// Current retry count
     retry_count: AtomicU32,
-    /// Last error code (for change detection)
     last_error_code: RwLock<Option<String>>,
+    /// Hide `error_message` while a new capture attempt is in flight (internal error state unchanged).
+    suppress_display: AtomicBool,
 }
 
 impl AudioHealthMonitor {
-    /// Create a new audio health monitor with the specified configuration
-    pub fn new(config: AudioMonitorConfig) -> Self {
-        let throttle_secs = config.log_throttle_secs;
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             status: RwLock::new(AudioHealthStatus::Healthy),
-            events: RwLock::new(None),
-            throttler: LogThrottler::with_secs(throttle_secs),
-            config,
-            running: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            throttler: LogThrottler::with_secs(LOG_THROTTLE_SECS),
             retry_count: AtomicU32::new(0),
             last_error_code: RwLock::new(None),
+            suppress_display: AtomicBool::new(false),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create a new audio health monitor with default configuration
-    pub fn with_defaults() -> Self {
-        Self::new(AudioMonitorConfig::default())
+    /// Clears the error string exposed via [`Self::error_message`] until the next outcome (`report_error` or recovery).
+    pub fn prepare_retry_attempt(&self) {
+        self.suppress_display.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
     }
 
-    /// Set the event bus for broadcasting state changes
-    pub async fn set_event_bus(&self, events: Arc<EventBus>) {
-        *self.events.write().await = Some(events);
-    }
+    pub async fn report_error(&self, reason: &str, error_code: &str) {
+        self.suppress_display.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
 
-    /// Report an error from audio operations
-    ///
-    /// This method is called when an audio operation fails. It:
-    /// 1. Updates the health status
-    /// 2. Logs the error (with throttling)
-    /// 3. Publishes a WebSocket event if the error is new or changed
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `device` - The audio device name (if known)
-    /// * `reason` - Human-readable error description
-    /// * `error_code` - Error code for programmatic handling
-    pub async fn report_error(&self, device: Option<&str>, reason: &str, error_code: &str) {
         let count = self.retry_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) + 1;
 
-        // Check if error code changed
         let error_changed = {
             let last = self.last_error_code.read().await;
             last.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()) != Some(error_code)
         };
 
-        // Log with throttling (always log if error type changed)
         let throttle_key = format!("audio_{}", error_code);
         if error_changed || self.throttler.should_log(&throttle_key) {
             warn!(
@@ -132,127 +61,53 @@ impl AudioHealthMonitor {
             );
         }
 
-        // Update last error code
         *self.last_error_code.write().await = Some(error_code.to_string());
 
-        // Update status
         *self.status.write().await = AudioHealthStatus::Error {
             reason: reason.to_string(),
             error_code: error_code.to_string(),
-            retry_count: count,
         };
-
-        // Publish event (only if error changed or first occurrence)
-        if error_changed || count == 1 {
-            if let Some(ref events) = *self.events.read().await {
-                events.publish(SystemEvent::AudioDeviceLost {
-                    device: device.map(|s| s.to_string()),
-                    reason: reason.to_string(),
-                    error_code: error_code.to_string(),
-                });
-            }
-        }
     }
 
-    /// Report that a reconnection attempt is starting
-    ///
-    /// Publishes a reconnecting event to notify clients.
-    pub async fn report_reconnecting(&self) {
-        let attempt = self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-        // Only publish every 5 attempts to avoid event spam
-        if attempt == 1 || attempt.is_multiple_of(5) {
-            debug!("Audio reconnecting, attempt {}", attempt);
-
-            if let Some(ref events) = *self.events.read().await {
-                events.publish(SystemEvent::AudioReconnecting { attempt });
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Report that the device has recovered
-    ///
-    /// This method is called when the audio device successfully reconnects.
-    /// It resets the error state and publishes a recovery event.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `device` - The audio device name
-    pub async fn report_recovered(&self, device: Option<&str>) {
+    pub async fn report_recovered(&self) {
         let prev_status = self.status.read().await.clone();
 
-        // Only report recovery if we were in an error state
         if prev_status != AudioHealthStatus::Healthy {
             let retry_count = self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
             info!("Audio recovered after {} retries", retry_count);
 
-            // Reset state
+            self.suppress_display.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
             self.retry_count.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
             self.throttler.clear("audio_");
             *self.last_error_code.write().await = None;
             *self.status.write().await = AudioHealthStatus::Healthy;
-
-            // Publish recovery event
-            if let Some(ref events) = *self.events.read().await {
-                events.publish(SystemEvent::AudioRecovered {
-                    device: device.map(|s| s.to_string()),
-                });
-            }
         }
     }
 
-    /// Get the current health status
-    pub async fn status(&self) -> AudioHealthStatus {
-        self.status.read().await.clone()
-    }
-
-    /// Get the current retry count
-    pub fn retry_count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the monitor is in an error state
-    pub async fn is_error(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(*self.status.read().await, AudioHealthStatus::Error { .. })
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the monitor is healthy
-    pub async fn is_healthy(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(*self.status.read().await, AudioHealthStatus::Healthy)
-    }
-
-    /// Reset the monitor to healthy state without publishing events
-    ///
-    /// This is useful during initialization.
     pub async fn reset(&self) {
+        self.suppress_display.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
         self.retry_count.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
         *self.last_error_code.write().await = None;
         *self.status.write().await = AudioHealthStatus::Healthy;
         self.throttler.clear_all();
     }
 
-    /// Get the configuration
-    pub fn config(&self) -> &AudioMonitorConfig {
-        &self.config
+    pub async fn status(&self) -> AudioHealthStatus {
+        self.status.read().await.clone()
     }
 
-    /// Check if we should continue retrying
-    ///
-    /// Returns `false` if max_retries is set and we've exceeded it.
-    pub fn should_retry(&self) -> bool {
-        if self.config.max_retries == 0 {
-            return true; // Infinite retry
-        }
-        self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) < self.config.max_retries
+    pub fn retry_count(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
 
-    /// Get the retry interval
-    pub fn retry_interval(&self) -> Duration {
-        Duration::from_millis(self.config.retry_interval_ms)
+    pub async fn is_error(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(*self.status.read().await, AudioHealthStatus::Error { .. })
     }
 
-    /// Get the current error message if in error state
     pub async fn error_message(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        if self.suppress_display.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            return None;
+        }
         match &*self.status.read().await {
             AudioHealthStatus::Error { reason, .. } => Some(reason.clone()),
             _ => None,
@@ -262,7 +117,7 @@ impl AudioHealthMonitor {
 
 impl Default for AudioHealthMonitor {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::with_defaults()
+        Self::new()
     }
 }
 
@@ -272,32 +127,25 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_initial_status() {
-        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
-        assert!(monitor.is_healthy().await);
+        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::new();
         assert!(!monitor.is_error().await);
         assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 0);
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_report_error() {
-        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
+        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::new();
 
         monitor
-            .report_error(Some("hw:0,0"), "Device not found", "device_disconnected")
+            .report_error("Device not found", "device_disconnected")
             .await;
 
         assert!(monitor.is_error().await);
         assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 1);
 
-        if let AudioHealthStatus::Error {
-            reason,
-            error_code,
-            retry_count,
-        } = monitor.status().await
-        {
+        if let AudioHealthStatus::Error { reason, error_code } = monitor.status().await {
             assert_eq!(reason, "Device not found");
             assert_eq!(error_code, "device_disconnected");
-            assert_eq!(retry_count, 1);
         } else {
             panic!("Expected Error status");
         }
@@ -305,39 +153,52 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_report_recovered() {
-        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
+        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::new();
 
-        // First report an error
         monitor
-            .report_error(Some("default"), "Capture failed", "capture_error")
+            .report_error("Capture failed", "capture_error")
             .await;
         assert!(monitor.is_error().await);
 
-        // Then report recovery
-        monitor.report_recovered(Some("default")).await;
-        assert!(monitor.is_healthy().await);
+        monitor.report_recovered().await;
+        assert!(!monitor.is_error().await);
         assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 0);
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_retry_count_increments() {
-        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
+        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::new();
 
         for i in 1..=5 {
-            monitor.report_error(None, "Error", "io_error").await;
+            monitor.report_error("Error", "io_error").await;
             assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), i);
         }
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_reset() {
-        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
+        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::new();
 
-        monitor.report_error(None, "Error", "io_error").await;
+        monitor.report_error("Error", "io_error").await;
         assert!(monitor.is_error().await);
 
         monitor.reset().await;
-        assert!(monitor.is_healthy().await);
+        assert!(!monitor.is_error().await);
         assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 0);
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_prepare_retry_hides_error_until_next_failure() {
+        let monitor = AudioHealthMonitor::new();
+
+        monitor.report_error("bad", "e").await;
+        assert_eq!(monitor.error_message().await.as_deref(), Some("bad"));
+
+        monitor.prepare_retry_attempt();
+        assert!(monitor.is_error().await);
+        assert!(monitor.error_message().await.is_none());
+
+        monitor.report_error("still bad", "e").await;
+        assert_eq!(monitor.error_message().await.as_deref(), Some("still bad"));
+    }
 }

src/audio/recovery.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
+use tracing::{debug, info, warn};
+
+use super::capture::AudioConfig;
+use super::device::{enumerate_audio_devices, AudioDeviceInfo};
+use super::monitor::AudioHealthMonitor;
+use super::streamer::{AudioStreamState, AudioStreamer, AudioStreamerConfig};
+use super::types::AudioControllerConfig;
+use super::controller::AudioRecoveredCallback;
+use crate::events::{EventBus, StreamDeviceLostKind, SystemEvent};
+
+const AUDIO_RECOVERY_RETRY_DELAY: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(1);
+
+pub(super) fn select_recovery_device(
+    devices: &[AudioDeviceInfo],
+    preferred: &str,
+) -> Option<AudioDeviceInfo> {
+    if let Some(device) = devices
+        .iter()
+        .find(|d| !preferred.trim().is_empty() && d.name == preferred)
+    {
+        return Some(device.clone());
+    }
+
+    devices
+        .iter()
+        .find(|d| d.is_hdmi && d.sample_rates.contains(&48_000) && d.channels.contains(&2))
+        .or_else(|| {
+            devices
+                .iter()
+                .find(|d| d.sample_rates.contains(&48_000) && d.channels.contains(&2))
+        })
+        .or_else(|| devices.first())
+        .cloned()
+}
+
+async fn publish_state(
+    event_bus: &Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    state: &str,
+    device: Option<String>,
+    reason: Option<&str>,
+    next_retry_ms: Option<u64>,
+) {
+    if let Some(bus) = event_bus.read().await.as_ref() {
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
+            state: state.to_string(),
+            device,
+            reason: reason.map(str::to_string),
+            next_retry_ms,
+        });
+        bus.mark_device_info_dirty();
+    }
+}
+
+async fn publish_device_lost(
+    event_bus: &Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    device: &str,
+    reason: &str,
+) {
+    if let Some(bus) = event_bus.read().await.as_ref() {
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamDeviceLost {
+            kind: StreamDeviceLostKind::Audio,
+            device: device.to_string(),
+            reason: reason.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+async fn publish_reconnecting(
+    event_bus: &Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    device: &str,
+    attempt: u32,
+) {
+    if let Some(bus) = event_bus.read().await.as_ref() {
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamReconnecting {
+            device: device.to_string(),
+            attempt,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+async fn publish_recovered(event_bus: &Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>, device: &str) {
+    if let Some(bus) = event_bus.read().await.as_ref() {
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamRecovered {
+            device: device.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn spawn_stream_monitor_from_parts(
+    config: Arc<RwLock<AudioControllerConfig>>,
+    streamer_slot: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<AudioStreamer>>>>,
+    event_bus: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    monitor: Arc<AudioHealthMonitor>,
+    recovery_in_progress: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    recovered_callback: Arc<RwLock<Option<AudioRecoveredCallback>>>,
+    streamer: Arc<AudioStreamer>,
+    device: String,
+) {
+    let mut state_rx = streamer.state_watch();
+
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        loop {
+            if state_rx.changed().await.is_err() {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if *state_rx.borrow() != AudioStreamState::Error {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            {
+                let current = streamer_slot.read().await;
+                if !current
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .is_some_and(|current| Arc::ptr_eq(current, &streamer))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let reason = format!("Audio device lost: {}", device);
+            monitor.report_error(&reason, "device_lost").await;
+            spawn_recovery_task_from_parts(
+                config,
+                streamer_slot,
+                event_bus,
+                monitor,
+                recovery_in_progress,
+                recovered_callback,
+                device,
+                reason,
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn spawn_recovery_task_from_parts(
+    config: Arc<RwLock<AudioControllerConfig>>,
+    streamer_slot: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<AudioStreamer>>>>,
+    event_bus: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    monitor: Arc<AudioHealthMonitor>,
+    recovery_in_progress: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    recovered_callback: Arc<RwLock<Option<AudioRecoveredCallback>>>,
+    lost_device: String,
+    reason: String,
+) {
+    if recovery_in_progress.swap(true, Ordering::SeqCst) {
+        debug!("Audio recovery already in progress");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        warn!("Audio recovery started for {}: {}", lost_device, reason);
+        publish_device_lost(&event_bus, &lost_device, &reason).await;
+        publish_state(
+            &event_bus,
+            "device_lost",
+            Some(lost_device.clone()),
+            Some("audio_device_lost"),
+            Some(AUDIO_RECOVERY_RETRY_DELAY.as_millis() as u64),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        let mut attempt = 0u32;
+
+        loop {
+            if !recovery_in_progress.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
+                debug!("Audio recovery canceled");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if streamer_slot
+                .read()
+                .await
+                .as_ref()
+                .is_some_and(|s| s.is_running())
+            {
+                recovery_in_progress.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            let cfg: AudioControllerConfig = config.read().await.clone();
+            if !cfg.enabled {
+                recovery_in_progress.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            attempt = attempt.saturating_add(1);
+            publish_reconnecting(&event_bus, &lost_device, attempt).await;
+            publish_state(
+                &event_bus,
+                "device_lost",
+                Some(lost_device.clone()),
+                Some("audio_reconnecting"),
+                Some(AUDIO_RECOVERY_RETRY_DELAY.as_millis() as u64),
+            )
+            .await;
+
+            tokio::time::sleep(AUDIO_RECOVERY_RETRY_DELAY).await;
+
+            let devices = match enumerate_audio_devices() {
+                Ok(devices) => devices,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    debug!(
+                        "Audio recovery enumerate failed (attempt {}): {}",
+                        attempt, e
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+
+            let Some(device) = select_recovery_device(&devices, &cfg.device) else {
+                debug!("No audio devices found during recovery attempt {}", attempt);
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            let streamer_config = AudioStreamerConfig {
+                capture: AudioConfig {
+                    device_name: device.name.clone(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                opus: cfg.quality.to_opus_config(),
+            };
+            let new_streamer = Arc::new(AudioStreamer::with_config(streamer_config));
+
+            match new_streamer.start().await {
+                Ok(()) => {
+                    {
+                        let mut cfg = config.write().await;
+                        cfg.device = device.name.clone();
+                    }
+                    *streamer_slot.write().await = Some(new_streamer.clone());
+                    monitor.report_recovered().await;
+                    publish_recovered(&event_bus, &device.name).await;
+                    if let Some(callback) = recovered_callback.read().await.clone() {
+                        callback();
+                    }
+                    publish_state(
+                        &event_bus,
+                        "streaming",
+                        Some(device.name.clone()),
+                        None,
+                        None,
+                    )
+                    .await;
+                    recovery_in_progress.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                    info!(
+                        "Audio device recovered with {} after {} attempts",
+                        device.name, attempt
+                    );
+                    spawn_stream_monitor_from_parts(
+                        config,
+                        streamer_slot,
+                        event_bus,
+                        monitor,
+                        recovery_in_progress,
+                        recovered_callback,
+                        new_streamer,
+                        device.name,
+                    );
+                    return;
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    debug!(
+                        "Audio recovery start failed with {} (attempt {}): {}",
+                        device.name, attempt, e
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+pub(super) fn spawn_stream_monitor(
+    config: Arc<RwLock<AudioControllerConfig>>,
+    streamer_slot: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<AudioStreamer>>>>,
+    event_bus: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    monitor: Arc<AudioHealthMonitor>,
+    recovery_in_progress: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    recovered_callback: Arc<RwLock<Option<AudioRecoveredCallback>>>,
+    streamer: Arc<AudioStreamer>,
+    device: String,
+) {
+    spawn_stream_monitor_from_parts(
+        config,
+        streamer_slot,
+        event_bus,
+        monitor,
+        recovery_in_progress,
+        recovered_callback,
+        streamer,
+        device,
+    );
+}
+
+pub(super) fn spawn_recovery_task(
+    config: Arc<RwLock<AudioControllerConfig>>,
+    streamer_slot: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<AudioStreamer>>>>,
+    event_bus: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    monitor: Arc<AudioHealthMonitor>,
+    recovery_in_progress: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    recovered_callback: Arc<RwLock<Option<AudioRecoveredCallback>>>,
+    lost_device: String,
+    reason: String,
+) {
+    spawn_recovery_task_from_parts(
+        config,
+        streamer_slot,
+        event_bus,
+        monitor,
+        recovery_in_progress,
+        recovered_callback,
+        lost_device,
+        reason,
+    );
+}

src/audio/streamer.rs

@@ -1,43 +1,36 @@
-//! Audio streaming pipeline
-//!
-//! Coordinates audio capture and Opus encoding, distributing encoded
-//! frames to multiple subscribers via broadcast channel.
+//! ALSA 48 kHz stereo → Opus 20 ms frames, fan-out per subscriber.
 
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Instant;
-use tokio::sync::{broadcast, watch, Mutex, RwLock};
-use tracing::{error, info, warn};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use tokio::sync::{broadcast, mpsc, watch, Mutex as AsyncMutex, RwLock};
+use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
 
-use super::capture::{AudioCapturer, AudioConfig, CaptureState};
+use super::capture::{AudioCapturer, AudioConfig, AudioFrame, CaptureState};
 use super::encoder::{OpusConfig, OpusEncoder, OpusFrame};
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+use bytemuck;
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// 48 kHz stereo: 20 ms = 960 × 2 samples (S16LE).
+const OPUS_STEREO_SAMPLES: usize = 960 * 2;
 
-/// Audio stream state
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 pub enum AudioStreamState {
-    /// Stream is stopped
     #[default]
     Stopped,
-    /// Stream is starting up
     Starting,
-    /// Stream is running
     Running,
-    /// Stream encountered an error
     Error,
 }
 
-/// Audio streamer configuration
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct AudioStreamerConfig {
-    /// Audio capture configuration
     pub capture: AudioConfig,
-    /// Opus encoder configuration
     pub opus: OpusConfig,
 }
 
 impl AudioStreamerConfig {
-    /// Create config for a specific device with default quality
     pub fn for_device(device_name: &str) -> Self {
         Self {
             capture: AudioConfig {
@@ -48,90 +41,75 @@ impl AudioStreamerConfig {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create config with specified bitrate
     pub fn with_bitrate(mut self, bitrate: u32) -> Self {
         self.opus.bitrate = bitrate;
         self
     }
 }
 
-/// Audio stream statistics
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct AudioStreamStats {
-    /// Frames encoded to Opus
-    /// Number of active subscribers
     pub subscriber_count: usize,
 }
 
-/// Audio streamer
-///
-/// Manages the audio capture -> encode -> broadcast pipeline.
 pub struct AudioStreamer {
     config: RwLock<AudioStreamerConfig>,
     state: watch::Sender<AudioStreamState>,
     state_rx: watch::Receiver<AudioStreamState>,
     capturer: RwLock<Option<Arc<AudioCapturer>>>,
-    encoder: Arc<Mutex<Option<OpusEncoder>>>,
-    opus_tx: watch::Sender<Option<Arc<OpusFrame>>>,
-    stats: Arc<Mutex<AudioStreamStats>>,
-    sequence: AtomicU64,
-    stream_start_time: RwLock<Option<Instant>>,
+    encoder: Arc<AsyncMutex<Option<OpusEncoder>>>,
+    opus_subscribers: Arc<Mutex<Vec<mpsc::Sender<Arc<OpusFrame>>>>>,
     stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 
 impl AudioStreamer {
-    /// Create a new audio streamer with default configuration
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self::with_config(AudioStreamerConfig::default())
     }
 
-    /// Create a new audio streamer with specified configuration
     pub fn with_config(config: AudioStreamerConfig) -> Self {
         let (state_tx, state_rx) = watch::channel(AudioStreamState::Stopped);
-        let (opus_tx, _opus_rx) = watch::channel(None);
 
         Self {
             config: RwLock::new(config),
             state: state_tx,
             state_rx,
             capturer: RwLock::new(None),
-            encoder: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
-            opus_tx,
-            stats: Arc::new(Mutex::new(AudioStreamStats::default())),
-            sequence: AtomicU64::new(0),
-            stream_start_time: RwLock::new(None),
+            encoder: Arc::new(AsyncMutex::new(None)),
+            opus_subscribers: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new())),
             stop_flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Get current state
     pub fn state(&self) -> AudioStreamState {
         *self.state_rx.borrow()
     }
 
-    /// Subscribe to state changes
     pub fn state_watch(&self) -> watch::Receiver<AudioStreamState> {
         self.state_rx.clone()
     }
 
-    /// Subscribe to Opus frames
-    pub fn subscribe_opus(&self) -> watch::Receiver<Option<Arc<OpusFrame>>> {
-        self.opus_tx.subscribe()
+    pub fn subscribe_opus(&self) -> mpsc::Receiver<Arc<OpusFrame>> {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<Arc<OpusFrame>>(128);
+        self.opus_subscribers.lock().unwrap().push(tx);
+        rx
     }
 
-    /// Get number of active subscribers
     pub fn subscriber_count(&self) -> usize {
-        self.opus_tx.receiver_count()
+        self.opus_subscribers
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|s| !s.is_closed())
+            .count()
     }
 
-    /// Get current statistics
-    pub async fn stats(&self) -> AudioStreamStats {
-        let mut stats = self.stats.lock().await.clone();
-        stats.subscriber_count = self.subscriber_count();
-        stats
+    pub fn stats(&self) -> AudioStreamStats {
+        AudioStreamStats {
+            subscriber_count: self.subscriber_count(),
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Update configuration (only when stopped)
     pub async fn set_config(&self, config: AudioStreamerConfig) -> Result<()> {
         if self.state() != AudioStreamState::Stopped {
             return Err(AppError::AudioError(
@@ -142,12 +120,9 @@ impl AudioStreamer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Update bitrate dynamically (can be done while streaming)
     pub async fn set_bitrate(&self, bitrate: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        // Update config
         self.config.write().await.opus.bitrate = bitrate;
 
-        // Update encoder if running
         if let Some(ref mut encoder) = *self.encoder.lock().await {
             encoder.set_bitrate(bitrate)?;
         }
@@ -156,7 +131,6 @@ impl AudioStreamer {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Start the audio stream
     pub async fn start(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if self.state() == AudioStreamState::Running {
             return Ok(());
@@ -175,42 +149,77 @@ impl AudioStreamer {
             config.opus.bitrate
         );
 
-        // Create capturer
         let capturer = Arc::new(AudioCapturer::new(config.capture.clone()));
         *self.capturer.write().await = Some(capturer.clone());
 
-        // Create encoder
         let encoder = OpusEncoder::new(config.opus.clone())?;
         *self.encoder.lock().await = Some(encoder);
 
-        // Start capture
         capturer.start().await?;
 
-        // Reset stats
-        {
-            let mut stats = self.stats.lock().await;
-            *stats = AudioStreamStats::default();
+        let mut capture_state = capturer.state_watch();
+        let startup_result = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(2), async {
+            loop {
+                let current_state = *capture_state.borrow();
+                match current_state {
+                    CaptureState::Running => return Ok(()),
+                    CaptureState::Error => {
+                        return Err(AppError::AudioError(
+                            "Audio capture failed to start".to_string(),
+                        ))
+                    }
+                    CaptureState::Stopped => {
+                        if capture_state.changed().await.is_err() {
+                            return Err(AppError::AudioError(
+                                "Audio capture stopped during startup".to_string(),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .await;
+
+        match startup_result {
+            Ok(Ok(())) => {}
+            Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                let _ = capturer.stop().await;
+                *self.capturer.write().await = None;
+                *self.encoder.lock().await = None;
+                let _ = self.state.send(AudioStreamState::Error);
+                return Err(e);
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                let _ = capturer.stop().await;
+                *self.capturer.write().await = None;
+                *self.encoder.lock().await = None;
+                let _ = self.state.send(AudioStreamState::Error);
+                return Err(AppError::AudioError(
+                    "Timed out waiting for audio capture to start".to_string(),
+                ));
+            }
         }
 
-        // Record start time
-        *self.stream_start_time.write().await = Some(Instant::now());
-        self.sequence.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        // Start encoding task
         let capturer_for_task = capturer.clone();
         let encoder = self.encoder.clone();
-        let opus_tx = self.opus_tx.clone();
+        let opus_subscribers = self.opus_subscribers.clone();
         let state = self.state.clone();
         let stop_flag = self.stop_flag.clone();
 
         tokio::spawn(async move {
-            Self::stream_task(capturer_for_task, encoder, opus_tx, state, stop_flag).await;
+            Self::stream_task(
+                capturer_for_task,
+                encoder,
+                opus_subscribers,
+                state,
+                stop_flag,
+            )
+            .await;
         });
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Stop the audio stream
     pub async fn stop(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if self.state() == AudioStreamState::Stopped {
             return Ok(());
@@ -218,82 +227,120 @@ impl AudioStreamer {
 
         info!("Stopping audio stream");
 
-        // Signal stop
         self.stop_flag.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
 
-        // Stop capturer
         if let Some(ref capturer) = *self.capturer.read().await {
             capturer.stop().await?;
         }
 
-        // Clear resources
         *self.capturer.write().await = None;
         *self.encoder.lock().await = None;
-        *self.stream_start_time.write().await = None;
+        self.opus_subscribers.lock().unwrap().clear();
 
         let _ = self.state.send(AudioStreamState::Stopped);
         info!("Audio stream stopped");
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Check if streaming
     pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
         self.state() == AudioStreamState::Running
     }
 
-    /// Internal streaming task
+    async fn fanout_opus(
+        subscribers: &Arc<Mutex<Vec<mpsc::Sender<Arc<OpusFrame>>>>>,
+        frame: Arc<OpusFrame>,
+    ) {
+        let txs: Vec<_> = {
+            let g = subscribers.lock().unwrap();
+            if g.is_empty() {
+                return;
+            }
+            g.clone()
+        };
+        for tx in &txs {
+            let _ = tx.send(frame.clone()).await;
+        }
+        if txs.iter().any(|tx| tx.is_closed()) {
+            let mut g = subscribers.lock().unwrap();
+            g.retain(|tx| !tx.is_closed());
+        }
+    }
+
     async fn stream_task(
         capturer: Arc<AudioCapturer>,
-        encoder: Arc<Mutex<Option<OpusEncoder>>>,
-        opus_tx: watch::Sender<Option<Arc<OpusFrame>>>,
+        encoder: Arc<AsyncMutex<Option<OpusEncoder>>>,
+        opus_subscribers: Arc<Mutex<Vec<mpsc::Sender<Arc<OpusFrame>>>>>,
         state: watch::Sender<AudioStreamState>,
         stop_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
     ) {
         let mut pcm_rx = capturer.subscribe();
         let _ = state.send(AudioStreamState::Running);
 
-        info!("Audio stream task started");
+        debug!("Audio stream task started (48 kHz stereo → Opus, mpsc fan-out)");
+
+        let mut pending: Vec<i16> = Vec::new();
 
         loop {
-            // Check stop flag (atomic, no async lock needed)
             if stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                 break;
             }
 
-            // Check capturer state
             if capturer.state() == CaptureState::Error {
                 error!("Audio capture error, stopping stream");
                 let _ = state.send(AudioStreamState::Error);
                 break;
             }
 
-            // Receive PCM frame with timeout
             let recv_result =
                 tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(2), pcm_rx.recv()).await;
 
             match recv_result {
                 Ok(Ok(audio_frame)) => {
-                    // Encode to Opus
-                    let opus_result = {
-                        let mut enc_guard = encoder.lock().await;
-                        (*enc_guard)
-                            .as_mut()
-                            .map(|enc| enc.encode_frame(&audio_frame))
-                    };
+                    if audio_frame.sample_rate != 48_000 || audio_frame.channels != 2 {
+                        warn!(
+                            "Skip non–48 kHz/stereo PCM ({} Hz, {} ch)",
+                            audio_frame.sample_rate, audio_frame.channels
+                        );
+                        continue;
+                    }
 
-                    match opus_result {
-                        Some(Ok(opus_frame)) => {
-                            // Publish latest frame to subscribers
-                            if opus_tx.receiver_count() > 0 {
-                                let _ = opus_tx.send(Some(Arc::new(opus_frame)));
+                    let samples: &[i16] = match bytemuck::try_cast_slice(&audio_frame.data) {
+                        Ok(s) => s,
+                        Err(_) => {
+                            warn!("Audio frame size not multiple of 2; skipping");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    };
+                    if !samples.is_empty() {
+                        pending.extend_from_slice(samples);
+                    }
+
+                    while pending.len() >= OPUS_STEREO_SAMPLES {
+                        let pcm_20ms = Bytes::copy_from_slice(bytemuck::cast_slice(
+                            &pending[..OPUS_STEREO_SAMPLES],
+                        ));
+                        pending.drain(..OPUS_STEREO_SAMPLES);
+
+                        let frame_48k = AudioFrame::new_interleaved(pcm_20ms, 2, 48_000, 0);
+
+                        let opus_result = {
+                            let mut enc_guard = encoder.lock().await;
+                            (*enc_guard)
+                                .as_mut()
+                                .map(|enc| enc.encode_frame(&frame_48k))
+                        };
+
+                        match opus_result {
+                            Some(Ok(opus_frame)) => {
+                                Self::fanout_opus(&opus_subscribers, Arc::new(opus_frame)).await;
+                            }
+                            Some(Err(e)) => {
+                                error!("Opus encode error: {}", e);
+                            }
+                            None => {
+                                warn!("Encoder not available");
+                                break;
                             }
-                        }
-                        Some(Err(e)) => {
-                            error!("Opus encode error: {}", e);
-                        }
-                        None => {
-                            warn!("Encoder not available");
-                            break;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -302,19 +349,23 @@ impl AudioStreamer {
                     break;
                 }
                 Ok(Err(broadcast::error::RecvError::Lagged(n))) => {
-                    warn!("Audio receiver lagged by {} frames", n);
+                    warn!("PCM receiver lagged by {} frames", n);
                 }
                 Err(_) => {
-                    // Timeout - check if still capturing
                     if capturer.state() != CaptureState::Running {
                         info!("Audio capture stopped, ending stream task");
+                        let _ = state.send(AudioStreamState::Error);
                         break;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        let _ = state.send(AudioStreamState::Stopped);
+        if stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            let _ = state.send(AudioStreamState::Stopped);
+        } else {
+            opus_subscribers.lock().unwrap().clear();
+        }
         info!("Audio stream task ended");
     }
 }

src/audio/types.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use super::encoder::OpusConfig;
+use crate::error::AppError;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum AudioQuality {
+    Voice,
+    #[default]
+    Balanced,
+    High,
+}
+
+impl AudioQuality {
+    pub fn bitrate(&self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            AudioQuality::Voice => 32000,
+            AudioQuality::Balanced => 64000,
+            AudioQuality::High => 128000,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_opus_config(&self) -> OpusConfig {
+        match self {
+            AudioQuality::Voice => OpusConfig::voice(),
+            AudioQuality::Balanced => OpusConfig::default(),
+            AudioQuality::High => OpusConfig::music(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for AudioQuality {
+    type Err = AppError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.trim().to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "voice" => Ok(Self::Voice),
+            "balanced" => Ok(Self::Balanced),
+            "high" => Ok(Self::High),
+            _ => Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
+                "invalid audio quality {:?} (expected voice, balanced, or high)",
+                s.trim()
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for AudioQuality {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            AudioQuality::Voice => write!(f, "voice"),
+            AudioQuality::Balanced => write!(f, "balanced"),
+            AudioQuality::High => write!(f, "high"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct AudioControllerConfig {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub device: String,
+    pub quality: AudioQuality,
+}
+
+impl Default for AudioControllerConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            enabled: false,
+            device: String::new(),
+            quality: AudioQuality::Balanced,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct AudioStatus {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub streaming: bool,
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+    pub quality: AudioQuality,
+    pub subscriber_count: usize,
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+}

src/auth/middleware.rs

@@ -8,20 +8,16 @@ use axum::{
 use axum_extra::extract::CookieJar;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::error::ErrorResponse;
 use crate::state::AppState;
+use crate::web::ErrorResponse;
 
-/// Session cookie name
 pub const SESSION_COOKIE: &str = "one_kvm_session";
 
-/// Extract session ID from request
 pub fn extract_session_id(cookies: &CookieJar, headers: &axum::http::HeaderMap) -> Option<String> {
-    // First try cookie
     if let Some(cookie) = cookies.get(SESSION_COOKIE) {
         return Some(cookie.value().to_string());
     }
 
-    // Then try Authorization header (Bearer token)
     if let Some(auth_header) = headers.get(axum::http::header::AUTHORIZATION) {
         if let Ok(auth_str) = auth_header.to_str() {
             if let Some(token) = auth_str.strip_prefix("Bearer ") {
@@ -33,7 +29,6 @@ pub fn extract_session_id(cookies: &CookieJar, headers: &axum::http::HeaderMap)
     None
 }
 
-/// Authentication middleware
 pub async fn auth_middleware(
     State(state): State<Arc<AppState>>,
     cookies: CookieJar,
@@ -41,29 +36,23 @@ pub async fn auth_middleware(
     next: Next,
 ) -> Result<Response, StatusCode> {
     let raw_path = request.uri().path();
-    // When this middleware is mounted under /api, Axum strips the prefix for the inner router.
-    // Normalize the path so checks work whether it is mounted or not.
+    // Mounted under /api: inner path may lack prefix; normalize for whitelist checks.
     let path = raw_path.strip_prefix("/api").unwrap_or(raw_path);
 
-    // Check if system is initialized
     if !state.config.is_initialized() {
-        // Allow only setup-related endpoints when not initialized
         if is_setup_public_endpoint(path) {
             return Ok(next.run(request).await);
         }
     }
 
-    // Public endpoints that don't require auth
     if is_public_endpoint(path) {
         return Ok(next.run(request).await);
     }
 
-    // Extract session ID
     let session_id = extract_session_id(&cookies, request.headers());
 
     if let Some(session_id) = session_id {
         if let Ok(Some(session)) = state.sessions.get(&session_id).await {
-            // Add session to request extensions
             request.extensions_mut().insert(session);
             return Ok(next.run(request).await);
         }
@@ -87,9 +76,7 @@ fn unauthorized_response(message: &str) -> Response {
     (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, Json(body)).into_response()
 }
 
-/// Check if endpoint is public (no auth required)
 fn is_public_endpoint(path: &str) -> bool {
-    // Note: paths here are relative to /api since middleware is applied within the nested router
     matches!(
         path,
         "/" | "/auth/login" | "/health" | "/setup" | "/setup/init"
@@ -102,7 +89,6 @@ fn is_public_endpoint(path: &str) -> bool {
         || path.ends_with(".svg")
 }
 
-/// Setup-only endpoints allowed before initialization.
 fn is_setup_public_endpoint(path: &str) -> bool {
     matches!(
         path,

src/auth/password.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use argon2::{
 
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// Hash a password using Argon2
 pub fn hash_password(password: &str) -> Result<String> {
     let salt = SaltString::generate(&mut OsRng);
     let argon2 = Argon2::default();
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ pub fn hash_password(password: &str) -> Result<String> {
         .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Password hashing failed: {}", e)))
 }
 
-/// Verify a password against a hash
 pub fn verify_password(password: &str, hash: &str) -> Result<bool> {
     let parsed_hash = PasswordHash::new(hash)
         .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Invalid password hash: {}", e)))?;

src/auth/session.rs

@@ -1,147 +1,104 @@
-use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use sqlx::{Pool, Sqlite};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use time::{Duration, OffsetDateTime};
+use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use crate::error::Result;
 
-/// Session data
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Session {
     pub id: String,
     pub user_id: String,
-    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
-    pub expires_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    pub created_at: OffsetDateTime,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    pub expires_at: OffsetDateTime,
     pub data: Option<serde_json::Value>,
 }
 
 impl Session {
-    /// Check if session is expired
     pub fn is_expired(&self) -> bool {
-        Utc::now() > self.expires_at
+        OffsetDateTime::now_utc() > self.expires_at
     }
 }
 
-/// Session store backed by SQLite
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct SessionStore {
-    pool: Pool<Sqlite>,
+    inner: Arc<RwLock<HashMap<String, Session>>>,
     default_ttl: Duration,
 }
 
 impl SessionStore {
-    /// Create a new session store
-    pub fn new(pool: Pool<Sqlite>, ttl_secs: i64) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(ttl_secs: i64) -> Self {
         Self {
-            pool,
+            inner: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
             default_ttl: Duration::seconds(ttl_secs),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create a new session
     pub async fn create(&self, user_id: &str) -> Result<Session> {
+        let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
         let session = Session {
             id: Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
             user_id: user_id.to_string(),
-            created_at: Utc::now(),
-            expires_at: Utc::now() + self.default_ttl,
+            created_at: now,
+            expires_at: now + self.default_ttl,
             data: None,
         };
 
-        sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-            INSERT INTO sessions (id, user_id, created_at, expires_at, data)
-            VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5)
-            "#,
-        )
-        .bind(&session.id)
-        .bind(&session.user_id)
-        .bind(session.created_at.to_rfc3339())
-        .bind(session.expires_at.to_rfc3339())
-        .bind(session.data.as_ref().map(|d| d.to_string()))
-        .execute(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
-
+        let mut guard = self.inner.write().await;
+        guard.insert(session.id.clone(), session.clone());
         Ok(session)
     }
 
-    /// Get a session by ID
     pub async fn get(&self, session_id: &str) -> Result<Option<Session>> {
-        let row: Option<(String, String, String, String, Option<String>)> = sqlx::query_as(
-            "SELECT id, user_id, created_at, expires_at, data FROM sessions WHERE id = ?1",
-        )
-        .bind(session_id)
-        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        match row {
-            Some((id, user_id, created_at, expires_at, data)) => {
-                let session = Session {
-                    id,
-                    user_id,
-                    created_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&created_at)
-                        .map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&Utc))
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| Utc::now()),
-                    expires_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&expires_at)
-                        .map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&Utc))
-                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| Utc::now()),
-                    data: data.and_then(|d| serde_json::from_str(&d).ok()),
-                };
-
-                if session.is_expired() {
-                    self.delete(&session.id).await?;
-                    Ok(None)
-                } else {
-                    Ok(Some(session))
-                }
-            }
-            None => Ok(None),
+        let mut guard = self.inner.write().await;
+        let Some(session) = guard.get(session_id).cloned() else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+        if session.is_expired() {
+            guard.remove(session_id);
+            return Ok(None);
         }
+        Ok(Some(session))
     }
 
-    /// Delete a session
     pub async fn delete(&self, session_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        sqlx::query("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE id = ?1")
-            .bind(session_id)
-            .execute(&self.pool)
-            .await?;
+        let mut guard = self.inner.write().await;
+        guard.remove(session_id);
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Delete all expired sessions
     pub async fn cleanup_expired(&self) -> Result<u64> {
-        let now = Utc::now().to_rfc3339();
-        let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM sessions WHERE expires_at < ?1")
-            .bind(now)
-            .execute(&self.pool)
-            .await?;
-        Ok(result.rows_affected())
+        let mut guard = self.inner.write().await;
+        let before = guard.len();
+        guard.retain(|_, s| !s.is_expired());
+        Ok((before - guard.len()) as u64)
     }
 
-    /// Delete all sessions
     pub async fn delete_all(&self) -> Result<u64> {
-        let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM sessions")
-            .execute(&self.pool)
-            .await?;
-        Ok(result.rows_affected())
+        let mut guard = self.inner.write().await;
+        let n = guard.len() as u64;
+        guard.clear();
+        Ok(n)
     }
 
-    /// List all session IDs
     pub async fn list_ids(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
-        let rows: Vec<(String,)> = sqlx::query_as("SELECT id FROM sessions")
-            .fetch_all(&self.pool)
-            .await?;
-        Ok(rows.into_iter().map(|(id,)| id).collect())
+        let guard = self.inner.read().await;
+        Ok(guard.keys().cloned().collect())
     }
 
-    /// Extend session expiration
     pub async fn extend(&self, session_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        let new_expires = Utc::now() + self.default_ttl;
-        sqlx::query("UPDATE sessions SET expires_at = ?1 WHERE id = ?2")
-            .bind(new_expires.to_rfc3339())
-            .bind(session_id)
-            .execute(&self.pool)
-            .await?;
+        let mut guard = self.inner.write().await;
+        if let Some(session) = guard.get_mut(session_id) {
+            if session.is_expired() {
+                guard.remove(session_id);
+            } else {
+                session.expires_at = OffsetDateTime::now_utc() + self.default_ttl;
+            }
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 }

src/auth/user.rs

@@ -1,123 +1,99 @@
-use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use sqlx::{Pool, Sqlite};
+use time::format_description::well_known::Rfc3339;
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use super::password::{hash_password, verify_password};
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// User row type from database
-type UserRow = (String, String, String, String, String);
+type UserRow = (String, String, String);
 
-/// User data
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct User {
     pub id: String,
     pub username: String,
     #[serde(skip_serializing)]
     pub password_hash: String,
-    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
-    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
 }
 
 impl User {
-    /// Convert from database row to User
     fn from_row(row: UserRow) -> Self {
-        let (id, username, password_hash, created_at, updated_at) = row;
+        let (id, username, password_hash) = row;
         Self {
             id,
             username,
             password_hash,
-            created_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&created_at)
-                .map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&Utc))
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| Utc::now()),
-            updated_at: DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&updated_at)
-                .map(|dt| dt.with_timezone(&Utc))
-                .unwrap_or_else(|_| Utc::now()),
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// User store backed by SQLite
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct UserStore {
     pool: Pool<Sqlite>,
 }
 
 impl UserStore {
-    /// Create a new user store
     pub fn new(pool: Pool<Sqlite>) -> Self {
         Self { pool }
     }
 
-    /// Create a new user
-    pub async fn create(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<User> {
-        // Check if username already exists
-        if self.get_by_username(username).await?.is_some() {
-            return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
-                "Username '{}' already exists",
-                username
-            )));
+    /// The single local user, or `None` if none exists. Errors if more than one row is present.
+    pub async fn single_user(&self) -> Result<Option<User>> {
+        let mut rows: Vec<UserRow> = sqlx::query_as(
+            "SELECT id, username, password_hash FROM users ORDER BY rowid ASC LIMIT 2",
+        )
+        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        match rows.len() {
+            0 => Ok(None),
+            1 => Ok(Some(User::from_row(rows.remove(0)))),
+            _ => Err(AppError::Internal(
+                "Multiple user accounts in database; this build supports only one".to_string(),
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_first_user(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<User> {
+        if self.single_user().await?.is_some() {
+            return Err(AppError::BadRequest(
+                "A user account already exists".to_string(),
+            ));
         }
 
         let password_hash = hash_password(password)?;
-        let now = Utc::now();
         let user = User {
             id: Uuid::new_v4().to_string(),
             username: username.to_string(),
             password_hash,
-            created_at: now,
-            updated_at: now,
         };
 
         sqlx::query(
             r#"
-            INSERT INTO users (id, username, password_hash, created_at, updated_at)
-            VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5)
+            INSERT INTO users (id, username, password_hash)
+            VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3)
             "#,
         )
         .bind(&user.id)
         .bind(&user.username)
         .bind(&user.password_hash)
-        .bind(user.created_at.to_rfc3339())
-        .bind(user.updated_at.to_rfc3339())
         .execute(&self.pool)
         .await?;
 
         Ok(user)
     }
 
-    /// Get user by ID
-    pub async fn get(&self, user_id: &str) -> Result<Option<User>> {
-        let row: Option<UserRow> = sqlx::query_as(
-            "SELECT id, username, password_hash, created_at, updated_at FROM users WHERE id = ?1",
-        )
-        .bind(user_id)
-        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        Ok(row.map(User::from_row))
-    }
-
-    /// Get user by username
-    pub async fn get_by_username(&self, username: &str) -> Result<Option<User>> {
-        let row: Option<UserRow> = sqlx::query_as(
-            "SELECT id, username, password_hash, created_at, updated_at FROM users WHERE username = ?1",
-        )
-        .bind(username)
-        .fetch_optional(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        Ok(row.map(User::from_row))
-    }
-
-    /// Verify user credentials
     pub async fn verify(&self, username: &str, password: &str) -> Result<Option<User>> {
-        let user = match self.get_by_username(username).await? {
-            Some(user) => user,
+        let user = match self.single_user().await? {
+            Some(u) => u,
             None => return Ok(None),
         };
 
+        if user.username != username {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+
         if verify_password(password, &user.password_hash)? {
             Ok(Some(user))
         } else {
@@ -125,15 +101,23 @@ impl UserStore {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Update user password
     pub async fn update_password(&self, user_id: &str, new_password: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let user = self
+            .single_user()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("User not found".to_string()))?;
+
+        if user.id != user_id {
+            return Err(AppError::AuthError("Invalid session".to_string()));
+        }
+
         let password_hash = hash_password(new_password)?;
-        let now = Utc::now();
+        let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
 
         let result =
             sqlx::query("UPDATE users SET password_hash = ?1, updated_at = ?2 WHERE id = ?3")
                 .bind(&password_hash)
-                .bind(now.to_rfc3339())
+                .bind(now.format(&Rfc3339).expect("RFC3339 format"))
                 .bind(user_id)
                 .execute(&self.pool)
                 .await?;
@@ -145,21 +129,24 @@ impl UserStore {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Update username
     pub async fn update_username(&self, user_id: &str, new_username: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(existing) = self.get_by_username(new_username).await? {
-            if existing.id != user_id {
-                return Err(AppError::BadRequest(format!(
-                    "Username '{}' already exists",
-                    new_username
-                )));
-            }
+        let user = self
+            .single_user()
+            .await?
+            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::NotFound("User not found".to_string()))?;
+
+        if user.id != user_id {
+            return Err(AppError::AuthError("Invalid session".to_string()));
         }
 
-        let now = Utc::now();
+        if new_username == user.username {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
         let result = sqlx::query("UPDATE users SET username = ?1, updated_at = ?2 WHERE id = ?3")
             .bind(new_username)
-            .bind(now.to_rfc3339())
+            .bind(now.format(&Rfc3339).expect("RFC3339 format"))
             .bind(user_id)
             .execute(&self.pool)
             .await?;
@@ -170,37 +157,4 @@ impl UserStore {
 
         Ok(())
     }
-
-    /// List all users
-    pub async fn list(&self) -> Result<Vec<User>> {
-        let rows: Vec<UserRow> = sqlx::query_as(
-            "SELECT id, username, password_hash, created_at, updated_at FROM users ORDER BY created_at",
-        )
-        .fetch_all(&self.pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        Ok(rows.into_iter().map(User::from_row).collect())
-    }
-
-    /// Delete user by ID
-    pub async fn delete(&self, user_id: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        let result = sqlx::query("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?1")
-            .bind(user_id)
-            .execute(&self.pool)
-            .await?;
-
-        if result.rows_affected() == 0 {
-            return Err(AppError::NotFound("User not found".to_string()));
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Check if any users exist
-    pub async fn has_users(&self) -> Result<bool> {
-        let count: (i64,) = sqlx::query_as("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users")
-            .fetch_one(&self.pool)
-            .await?;
-        Ok(count.0 > 0)
-    }
 }

src/config/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 mod schema;
 mod store;
 
+/// Configuration change event
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ConfigChange {
+    pub key: String,
+}
+
 pub use schema::*;
 pub use store::ConfigStore;

src/config/schema.rs

@@ -1,611 +0,0 @@
-use crate::video::encoder::BitratePreset;
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use typeshare::typeshare;
-
-// Re-export ExtensionsConfig from extensions module
-pub use crate::extensions::ExtensionsConfig;
-// Re-export RustDeskConfig from rustdesk module
-pub use crate::rustdesk::config::RustDeskConfig;
-
-/// Main application configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct AppConfig {
-    /// Whether initial setup has been completed
-    pub initialized: bool,
-    /// Authentication settings
-    pub auth: AuthConfig,
-    /// Video capture settings
-    pub video: VideoConfig,
-    /// HID (keyboard/mouse) settings
-    pub hid: HidConfig,
-    /// Mass Storage Device settings
-    pub msd: MsdConfig,
-    /// ATX power control settings
-    pub atx: AtxConfig,
-    /// Audio settings
-    pub audio: AudioConfig,
-    /// Streaming settings
-    pub stream: StreamConfig,
-    /// Web server settings
-    pub web: WebConfig,
-    /// Extensions settings (ttyd, gostc, easytier)
-    pub extensions: ExtensionsConfig,
-    /// RustDesk remote access settings
-    pub rustdesk: RustDeskConfig,
-    /// RTSP streaming settings
-    pub rtsp: RtspConfig,
-}
-
-/// Authentication configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct AuthConfig {
-    /// Session timeout in seconds
-    pub session_timeout_secs: u32,
-    /// Allow multiple concurrent web sessions (single-user mode)
-    pub single_user_allow_multiple_sessions: bool,
-    /// Enable 2FA
-    pub totp_enabled: bool,
-    /// TOTP secret (encrypted)
-    pub totp_secret: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Default for AuthConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            session_timeout_secs: 3600 * 24, // 24 hours
-            single_user_allow_multiple_sessions: false,
-            totp_enabled: false,
-            totp_secret: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Video capture configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct VideoConfig {
-    /// Video device path (e.g., /dev/video0)
-    pub device: Option<String>,
-    /// Video pixel format (e.g., "MJPEG", "YUYV", "NV12")
-    pub format: Option<String>,
-    /// Resolution width
-    pub width: u32,
-    /// Resolution height
-    pub height: u32,
-    /// Frame rate
-    pub fps: u32,
-    /// JPEG quality (1-100)
-    pub quality: u32,
-}
-
-impl Default for VideoConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            device: None,
-            format: None, // Auto-detect or use MJPEG as default
-            width: 1920,
-            height: 1080,
-            fps: 30,
-            quality: 80,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// HID backend type
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub enum HidBackend {
-    /// USB OTG HID gadget
-    Otg,
-    /// CH9329 serial HID controller
-    Ch9329,
-    /// Disabled
-    #[default]
-    None,
-}
-
-/// OTG USB device descriptor configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-pub struct OtgDescriptorConfig {
-    /// USB Vendor ID (e.g., 0x1d6b)
-    pub vendor_id: u16,
-    /// USB Product ID (e.g., 0x0104)
-    pub product_id: u16,
-    /// Manufacturer string
-    pub manufacturer: String,
-    /// Product string
-    pub product: String,
-    /// Serial number (optional, auto-generated if not set)
-    pub serial_number: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Default for OtgDescriptorConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            vendor_id: 0x1d6b,  // Linux Foundation
-            product_id: 0x0104, // Multifunction Composite Gadget
-            manufacturer: "One-KVM".to_string(),
-            product: "One-KVM USB Device".to_string(),
-            serial_number: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// OTG HID function profile
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub enum OtgHidProfile {
-    /// Full HID device set (keyboard + relative mouse + absolute mouse + consumer control)
-    #[default]
-    Full,
-    /// Full HID device set without MSD
-    FullNoMsd,
-    /// Full HID device set without consumer control
-    FullNoConsumer,
-    /// Full HID device set without consumer control and MSD
-    FullNoConsumerNoMsd,
-    /// Legacy profile: only keyboard
-    LegacyKeyboard,
-    /// Legacy profile: only relative mouse
-    LegacyMouseRelative,
-    /// Custom function selection
-    Custom,
-}
-
-/// OTG HID function selection (used when profile is Custom)
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct OtgHidFunctions {
-    pub keyboard: bool,
-    pub mouse_relative: bool,
-    pub mouse_absolute: bool,
-    pub consumer: bool,
-}
-
-impl OtgHidFunctions {
-    pub fn full() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            keyboard: true,
-            mouse_relative: true,
-            mouse_absolute: true,
-            consumer: true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn full_no_consumer() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            keyboard: true,
-            mouse_relative: true,
-            mouse_absolute: true,
-            consumer: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn legacy_keyboard() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            keyboard: true,
-            mouse_relative: false,
-            mouse_absolute: false,
-            consumer: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn legacy_mouse_relative() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            keyboard: false,
-            mouse_relative: true,
-            mouse_absolute: false,
-            consumer: false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        !self.keyboard && !self.mouse_relative && !self.mouse_absolute && !self.consumer
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for OtgHidFunctions {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::full()
-    }
-}
-
-impl OtgHidProfile {
-    pub fn resolve_functions(&self, custom: &OtgHidFunctions) -> OtgHidFunctions {
-        match self {
-            Self::Full => OtgHidFunctions::full(),
-            Self::FullNoMsd => OtgHidFunctions::full(),
-            Self::FullNoConsumer => OtgHidFunctions::full_no_consumer(),
-            Self::FullNoConsumerNoMsd => OtgHidFunctions::full_no_consumer(),
-            Self::LegacyKeyboard => OtgHidFunctions::legacy_keyboard(),
-            Self::LegacyMouseRelative => OtgHidFunctions::legacy_mouse_relative(),
-            Self::Custom => custom.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// HID configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct HidConfig {
-    /// HID backend type
-    pub backend: HidBackend,
-    /// OTG keyboard device path
-    pub otg_keyboard: String,
-    /// OTG mouse device path
-    pub otg_mouse: String,
-    /// OTG UDC (USB Device Controller) name
-    pub otg_udc: Option<String>,
-    /// OTG USB device descriptor configuration
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub otg_descriptor: OtgDescriptorConfig,
-    /// OTG HID function profile
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub otg_profile: OtgHidProfile,
-    /// OTG HID function selection (used when profile is Custom)
-    #[serde(default)]
-    pub otg_functions: OtgHidFunctions,
-    /// CH9329 serial port
-    pub ch9329_port: String,
-    /// CH9329 baud rate
-    pub ch9329_baudrate: u32,
-    /// Mouse mode: absolute or relative
-    pub mouse_absolute: bool,
-}
-
-impl Default for HidConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            backend: HidBackend::None,
-            otg_keyboard: "/dev/hidg0".to_string(),
-            otg_mouse: "/dev/hidg1".to_string(),
-            otg_udc: None,
-            otg_descriptor: OtgDescriptorConfig::default(),
-            otg_profile: OtgHidProfile::default(),
-            otg_functions: OtgHidFunctions::default(),
-            ch9329_port: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
-            ch9329_baudrate: 9600,
-            mouse_absolute: true,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl HidConfig {
-    pub fn effective_otg_functions(&self) -> OtgHidFunctions {
-        self.otg_profile.resolve_functions(&self.otg_functions)
-    }
-}
-
-/// MSD configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct MsdConfig {
-    /// Enable MSD functionality
-    pub enabled: bool,
-    /// MSD base directory (absolute path)
-    pub msd_dir: String,
-}
-
-impl Default for MsdConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            enabled: true,
-            msd_dir: String::new(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl MsdConfig {
-    pub fn msd_dir_path(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
-        std::path::PathBuf::from(&self.msd_dir)
-    }
-
-    pub fn images_dir(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
-        self.msd_dir_path().join("images")
-    }
-
-    pub fn ventoy_dir(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
-        self.msd_dir_path().join("ventoy")
-    }
-
-    pub fn drive_path(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
-        self.ventoy_dir().join("ventoy.img")
-    }
-}
-
-// Re-export ATX types from atx module for configuration
-pub use crate::atx::{ActiveLevel, AtxDriverType, AtxKeyConfig, AtxLedConfig};
-
-/// ATX power control configuration
-///
-/// Each ATX action (power, reset) can be independently configured with its own
-/// hardware binding using the four-tuple: (driver, device, pin, active_level).
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct AtxConfig {
-    /// Enable ATX functionality
-    pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Power button configuration (used for both short and long press)
-    pub power: AtxKeyConfig,
-    /// Reset button configuration
-    pub reset: AtxKeyConfig,
-    /// LED sensing configuration (optional)
-    pub led: AtxLedConfig,
-    /// Network interface for WOL packets (empty = auto)
-    pub wol_interface: String,
-}
-
-impl AtxConfig {
-    /// Convert to AtxControllerConfig for the controller
-    pub fn to_controller_config(&self) -> crate::atx::AtxControllerConfig {
-        crate::atx::AtxControllerConfig {
-            enabled: self.enabled,
-            power: self.power.clone(),
-            reset: self.reset.clone(),
-            led: self.led.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Audio configuration
-///
-/// Note: Sample rate is fixed at 48000Hz and channels at 2 (stereo).
-/// These are optimal for Opus encoding and match WebRTC requirements.
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct AudioConfig {
-    /// Enable audio capture
-    pub enabled: bool,
-    /// ALSA device name
-    pub device: String,
-    /// Audio quality preset: "voice", "balanced", "high"
-    pub quality: String,
-}
-
-impl Default for AudioConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            enabled: false,
-            device: "default".to_string(),
-            quality: "balanced".to_string(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Stream mode
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub enum StreamMode {
-    /// WebRTC with H264/H265
-    WebRTC,
-    /// MJPEG over HTTP
-    #[default]
-    Mjpeg,
-}
-
-/// RTSP output codec
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub enum RtspCodec {
-    #[default]
-    H264,
-    H265,
-}
-
-/// RTSP configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct RtspConfig {
-    /// Enable RTSP output
-    pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Bind IP address
-    pub bind: String,
-    /// RTSP TCP listen port
-    pub port: u16,
-    /// Stream path (without leading slash)
-    pub path: String,
-    /// Allow only one client connection at a time
-    pub allow_one_client: bool,
-    /// Output codec (H264/H265)
-    pub codec: RtspCodec,
-    /// Optional username for authentication
-    pub username: Option<String>,
-    /// Optional password for authentication
-    #[typeshare(skip)]
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Default for RtspConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            enabled: false,
-            bind: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
-            port: 8554,
-            path: "live".to_string(),
-            allow_one_client: true,
-            codec: RtspCodec::H264,
-            username: None,
-            password: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Encoder type
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub enum EncoderType {
-    /// Auto-detect best encoder
-    #[default]
-    Auto,
-    /// Software encoder (libx264)
-    Software,
-    /// VAAPI hardware encoder
-    Vaapi,
-    /// NVIDIA NVENC hardware encoder
-    Nvenc,
-    /// Intel Quick Sync hardware encoder
-    Qsv,
-    /// AMD AMF hardware encoder
-    Amf,
-    /// Rockchip MPP hardware encoder
-    Rkmpp,
-    /// V4L2 M2M hardware encoder
-    V4l2m2m,
-}
-
-impl EncoderType {
-    /// Convert to EncoderBackend for registry queries
-    pub fn to_backend(&self) -> Option<crate::video::encoder::registry::EncoderBackend> {
-        use crate::video::encoder::registry::EncoderBackend;
-        match self {
-            EncoderType::Auto => None,
-            EncoderType::Software => Some(EncoderBackend::Software),
-            EncoderType::Vaapi => Some(EncoderBackend::Vaapi),
-            EncoderType::Nvenc => Some(EncoderBackend::Nvenc),
-            EncoderType::Qsv => Some(EncoderBackend::Qsv),
-            EncoderType::Amf => Some(EncoderBackend::Amf),
-            EncoderType::Rkmpp => Some(EncoderBackend::Rkmpp),
-            EncoderType::V4l2m2m => Some(EncoderBackend::V4l2m2m),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get display name for UI
-    pub fn display_name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            EncoderType::Auto => "Auto (Recommended)",
-            EncoderType::Software => "Software (CPU)",
-            EncoderType::Vaapi => "VAAPI",
-            EncoderType::Nvenc => "NVIDIA NVENC",
-            EncoderType::Qsv => "Intel Quick Sync",
-            EncoderType::Amf => "AMD AMF",
-            EncoderType::Rkmpp => "Rockchip MPP",
-            EncoderType::V4l2m2m => "V4L2 M2M",
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Streaming configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct StreamConfig {
-    /// Stream mode
-    pub mode: StreamMode,
-    /// Encoder type for H264/H265
-    pub encoder: EncoderType,
-    /// Bitrate preset (Speed/Balanced/Quality)
-    pub bitrate_preset: BitratePreset,
-    /// Custom STUN server (e.g., "stun:stun.l.google.com:19302")
-    /// If empty, uses public ICE servers from secrets.toml
-    pub stun_server: Option<String>,
-    /// Custom TURN server (e.g., "turn:turn.example.com:3478")
-    /// If empty, uses public ICE servers from secrets.toml
-    pub turn_server: Option<String>,
-    /// TURN username
-    pub turn_username: Option<String>,
-    /// TURN password (stored encrypted in DB, not exposed via API)
-    pub turn_password: Option<String>,
-    /// Auto-pause when no clients connected
-    #[typeshare(skip)]
-    pub auto_pause_enabled: bool,
-    /// Auto-pause delay (seconds)
-    #[typeshare(skip)]
-    pub auto_pause_delay_secs: u64,
-    /// Client timeout for cleanup (seconds)
-    #[typeshare(skip)]
-    pub client_timeout_secs: u64,
-}
-
-impl Default for StreamConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            mode: StreamMode::Mjpeg,
-            encoder: EncoderType::Auto,
-            bitrate_preset: BitratePreset::Balanced,
-            // Empty means use public ICE servers (like RustDesk)
-            stun_server: None,
-            turn_server: None,
-            turn_username: None,
-            turn_password: None,
-            auto_pause_enabled: false,
-            auto_pause_delay_secs: 10,
-            client_timeout_secs: 30,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl StreamConfig {
-    /// Check if using public ICE servers (user left fields empty)
-    pub fn is_using_public_ice_servers(&self) -> bool {
-        use crate::webrtc::config::public_ice;
-        self.stun_server
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|s| s.is_empty())
-            .unwrap_or(true)
-            && self
-                .turn_server
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|s| s.is_empty())
-                .unwrap_or(true)
-            && public_ice::is_configured()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Web server configuration
-#[typeshare]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-#[serde(default)]
-pub struct WebConfig {
-    /// HTTP port
-    pub http_port: u16,
-    /// HTTPS port
-    pub https_port: u16,
-    /// Bind addresses (preferred)
-    pub bind_addresses: Vec<String>,
-    /// Bind address (legacy)
-    pub bind_address: String,
-    /// Enable HTTPS
-    pub https_enabled: bool,
-    /// Custom SSL certificate path
-    pub ssl_cert_path: Option<String>,
-    /// Custom SSL key path
-    pub ssl_key_path: Option<String>,
-}
-
-impl Default for WebConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            http_port: 8080,
-            https_port: 8443,
-            bind_addresses: Vec::new(),
-            bind_address: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
-            https_enabled: false,
-            ssl_cert_path: None,
-            ssl_key_path: None,
-        }
-    }
-}

src/config/schema/atx.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typeshare::typeshare;
+
+pub use crate::atx::{ActiveLevel, AtxDriverType, AtxKeyConfig, AtxLedConfig};
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct AtxConfig {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub power: AtxKeyConfig,
+    pub reset: AtxKeyConfig,
+    pub led: AtxLedConfig,
+    pub wol_interface: String,
+}
+
+impl AtxConfig {
+    pub fn to_controller_config(&self) -> crate::atx::AtxControllerConfig {
+        crate::atx::AtxControllerConfig {
+            enabled: self.enabled,
+            power: self.power.clone(),
+            reset: self.reset.clone(),
+            led: self.led.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+

src/config/schema/common.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typeshare::typeshare;
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "type", content = "value")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub enum BitratePreset {
+    Speed,
+    #[default]
+    Balanced,
+    Quality,
+    Custom(u32),
+}
+
+impl BitratePreset {
+    pub fn bitrate_kbps(&self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            Self::Speed => 1000,
+            Self::Balanced => 4000,
+            Self::Quality => 8000,
+            Self::Custom(kbps) => *kbps,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn gop_size(&self, fps: u32) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            Self::Speed => (fps / 2).max(15),
+            Self::Balanced => fps,
+            Self::Quality => fps * 2,
+            Self::Custom(_) => fps,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn quality_level(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Speed => "low",
+            Self::Balanced => "medium",
+            Self::Quality => "high",
+            Self::Custom(_) => "medium",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_kbps(kbps: u32) -> Self {
+        match kbps {
+            0..=1500 => Self::Speed,
+            1501..=6000 => Self::Balanced,
+            6001..=10000 => Self::Quality,
+            _ => Self::Custom(kbps),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for BitratePreset {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Speed => write!(f, "Speed (1 Mbps)"),
+            Self::Balanced => write!(f, "Balanced (4 Mbps)"),
+            Self::Quality => write!(f, "Quality (8 Mbps)"),
+            Self::Custom(kbps) => write!(f, "Custom ({} kbps)", kbps),
+        }
+    }
+}
+

src/config/schema/hid.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typeshare::typeshare;
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub enum HidBackend {
+    Otg,
+    Ch9329,
+    #[default]
+    None,
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct OtgDescriptorConfig {
+    pub vendor_id: u16,
+    pub product_id: u16,
+    pub manufacturer: String,
+    pub product: String,
+    pub serial_number: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for OtgDescriptorConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vendor_id: 0x1d6b,
+            product_id: 0x0104,
+            manufacturer: "One-KVM".to_string(),
+            product: "One-KVM USB Device".to_string(),
+            serial_number: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub enum OtgHidProfile {
+    #[default]
+    #[serde(alias = "full_no_msd")]
+    Full,
+    #[serde(alias = "full_no_consumer_no_msd")]
+    FullNoConsumer,
+    LegacyKeyboard,
+    LegacyMouseRelative,
+    Custom,
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub enum OtgEndpointBudget {
+    #[default]
+    Auto,
+    Five,
+    Six,
+    Unlimited,
+}
+
+impl OtgEndpointBudget {
+    pub fn endpoint_limit_raw(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Five => Some(5),
+            Self::Six => Some(6),
+            Self::Unlimited => None,
+            Self::Auto => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct OtgHidFunctions {
+    pub keyboard: bool,
+    pub mouse_relative: bool,
+    pub mouse_absolute: bool,
+    pub consumer: bool,
+}
+
+impl OtgHidFunctions {
+    pub fn full() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            keyboard: true,
+            mouse_relative: true,
+            mouse_absolute: true,
+            consumer: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn full_no_consumer() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            keyboard: true,
+            mouse_relative: true,
+            mouse_absolute: true,
+            consumer: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn legacy_keyboard() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            keyboard: true,
+            mouse_relative: false,
+            mouse_absolute: false,
+            consumer: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn legacy_mouse_relative() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            keyboard: false,
+            mouse_relative: true,
+            mouse_absolute: false,
+            consumer: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.keyboard && !self.mouse_relative && !self.mouse_absolute && !self.consumer
+    }
+
+    pub fn endpoint_cost(&self, keyboard_leds: bool) -> u8 {
+        let mut endpoints = 0;
+        if self.keyboard {
+            endpoints += 1;
+            if keyboard_leds {
+                endpoints += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if self.mouse_relative {
+            endpoints += 1;
+        }
+        if self.mouse_absolute {
+            endpoints += 1;
+        }
+        if self.consumer {
+            endpoints += 1;
+        }
+        endpoints
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for OtgHidFunctions {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::full()
+    }
+}
+
+impl OtgHidProfile {
+    pub fn from_legacy_str(value: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match value {
+            "full" | "full_no_msd" => Some(Self::Full),
+            "full_no_consumer" | "full_no_consumer_no_msd" => Some(Self::FullNoConsumer),
+            "legacy_keyboard" => Some(Self::LegacyKeyboard),
+            "legacy_mouse_relative" => Some(Self::LegacyMouseRelative),
+            "custom" => Some(Self::Custom),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn resolve_functions(&self, custom: &OtgHidFunctions) -> OtgHidFunctions {
+        match self {
+            Self::Full => OtgHidFunctions::full(),
+            Self::FullNoConsumer => OtgHidFunctions::full_no_consumer(),
+            Self::LegacyKeyboard => OtgHidFunctions::legacy_keyboard(),
+            Self::LegacyMouseRelative => OtgHidFunctions::legacy_mouse_relative(),
+            Self::Custom => custom.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct HidConfig {
+    pub backend: HidBackend,
+    pub otg_udc: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub otg_descriptor: OtgDescriptorConfig,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub otg_profile: OtgHidProfile,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub otg_endpoint_budget: OtgEndpointBudget,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub otg_functions: OtgHidFunctions,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub otg_keyboard_leds: bool,
+    pub ch9329_port: String,
+    pub ch9329_baudrate: u32,
+    pub mouse_absolute: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for HidConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            backend: HidBackend::None,
+            otg_udc: None,
+            otg_descriptor: OtgDescriptorConfig::default(),
+            otg_profile: OtgHidProfile::default(),
+            otg_endpoint_budget: OtgEndpointBudget::default(),
+            otg_functions: OtgHidFunctions::default(),
+            otg_keyboard_leds: false,
+            ch9329_port: "/dev/ttyUSB0".to_string(),
+            ch9329_baudrate: 9600,
+            mouse_absolute: true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl HidConfig {
+    pub fn effective_otg_functions(&self) -> OtgHidFunctions {
+        self.otg_profile.resolve_functions(&self.otg_functions)
+    }
+
+    pub fn effective_otg_keyboard_leds(&self) -> bool {
+        self.otg_keyboard_leds && self.effective_otg_functions().keyboard
+    }
+
+    pub fn constrained_otg_functions(&self) -> OtgHidFunctions {
+        self.effective_otg_functions()
+    }
+
+    pub fn effective_otg_required_endpoints(&self, msd_enabled: bool) -> u8 {
+        let functions = self.effective_otg_functions();
+        let mut endpoints = functions.endpoint_cost(self.effective_otg_keyboard_leds());
+        if msd_enabled {
+            endpoints += 2;
+        }
+        endpoints
+    }
+
+    pub fn validate_otg_endpoint_budget(&self, msd_enabled: bool) -> crate::error::Result<()> {
+        if self.backend != HidBackend::Otg {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let functions = self.effective_otg_functions();
+        if functions.is_empty() {
+            return Err(crate::error::AppError::BadRequest(
+                "OTG HID functions cannot be empty".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let resolved_limit = self.resolved_otg_endpoint_limit();
+        let required = self.effective_otg_required_endpoints(msd_enabled);
+        if let Some(limit) = resolved_limit {
+            if required > limit {
+                return Err(crate::error::AppError::BadRequest(format!(
+                    "OTG selection requires {} endpoints, but the configured limit is {}",
+                    required, limit
+                )));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn resolved_otg_udc(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        if self.backend != HidBackend::Otg {
+            return None;
+        }
+        self.otg_udc
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
+            .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+            .or_else(|| {
+                #[cfg(unix)]
+                {
+                    crate::otg::OtgGadgetManager::find_udc()
+                }
+                #[cfg(not(unix))]
+                {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn resolved_otg_endpoint_limit(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        if self.backend != HidBackend::Otg {
+            return None;
+        }
+        match self.otg_endpoint_budget {
+            OtgEndpointBudget::Five => Some(5),
+            OtgEndpointBudget::Six => Some(6),
+            OtgEndpointBudget::Unlimited => None,
+            OtgEndpointBudget::Auto => {
+                #[cfg(unix)]
+                let udc = self.resolved_otg_udc().unwrap_or_default();
+                #[cfg(unix)]
+                if crate::otg::configfs::is_low_endpoint_udc(&udc) {
+                    Some(5)
+                } else {
+                    Some(6)
+                }
+                #[cfg(not(unix))]
+                {
+                    Some(6)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+

src/config/schema/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typeshare::typeshare;
+
+pub use crate::extensions::ExtensionsConfig;
+pub use crate::rustdesk::config::RustDeskConfig;
+
+mod atx;
+mod common;
+mod hid;
+mod stream;
+mod web;
+
+pub use atx::*;
+pub use common::*;
+pub use hid::*;
+pub use stream::*;
+pub use web::*;
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct AppConfig {
+    pub initialized: bool,
+    pub auth: AuthConfig,
+    pub video: VideoConfig,
+    pub hid: HidConfig,
+    pub msd: MsdConfig,
+    pub atx: AtxConfig,
+    pub audio: AudioConfig,
+    pub stream: StreamConfig,
+    pub web: WebConfig,
+    pub extensions: ExtensionsConfig,
+    pub rustdesk: RustDeskConfig,
+    pub rtsp: RtspConfig,
+    pub redfish: RedfishConfig,
+}
+
+impl AppConfig {
+    pub fn apply_platform_defaults(&mut self) {
+        crate::platform::defaults::apply(self);
+    }
+}
+

src/config/schema/stream.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typeshare::typeshare;
+
+use super::BitratePreset;
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub enum StreamMode {
+    WebRTC,
+    #[default]
+    Mjpeg,
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub enum RtspCodec {
+    #[default]
+    H264,
+    H265,
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct RtspConfig {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub bind: String,
+    pub port: u16,
+    pub path: String,
+    pub allow_one_client: bool,
+    pub codec: RtspCodec,
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    #[typeshare(skip)]
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for RtspConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            enabled: false,
+            bind: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
+            port: 8554,
+            path: "live".to_string(),
+            allow_one_client: true,
+            codec: RtspCodec::H264,
+            username: None,
+            password: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub enum EncoderType {
+    #[default]
+    Auto,
+    Software,
+    Vaapi,
+    Nvenc,
+    Qsv,
+    Amf,
+    Rkmpp,
+    V4l2m2m,
+}
+
+impl EncoderType {
+    pub fn display_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            EncoderType::Auto => "Auto (Recommended)",
+            EncoderType::Software => "Software (CPU)",
+            EncoderType::Vaapi => "VAAPI",
+            EncoderType::Nvenc => "NVIDIA NVENC",
+            EncoderType::Qsv => "Intel Quick Sync",
+            EncoderType::Amf => "AMD AMF",
+            EncoderType::Rkmpp => "Rockchip MPP",
+            EncoderType::V4l2m2m => "V4L2 M2M",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct StreamConfig {
+    pub mode: StreamMode,
+    pub encoder: EncoderType,
+    pub bitrate_preset: BitratePreset,
+    pub stun_server: Option<String>,
+    pub turn_server: Option<String>,
+    pub turn_username: Option<String>,
+    pub turn_password: Option<String>,
+    #[typeshare(skip)]
+    pub auto_pause_enabled: bool,
+    #[typeshare(skip)]
+    pub auto_pause_delay_secs: u64,
+    #[typeshare(skip)]
+    pub client_timeout_secs: u64,
+}
+
+impl Default for StreamConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            mode: StreamMode::Mjpeg,
+            encoder: EncoderType::Auto,
+            bitrate_preset: BitratePreset::Balanced,
+            stun_server: None,
+            turn_server: None,
+            turn_username: None,
+            turn_password: None,
+            auto_pause_enabled: false,
+            auto_pause_delay_secs: 10,
+            client_timeout_secs: 30,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl StreamConfig {
+    pub fn is_using_public_ice_servers(&self) -> bool {
+        let no_custom_stun = self
+            .stun_server
+            .as_ref()
+            .map_or(true, |s| s.trim().is_empty());
+        let no_custom_turn = self
+            .turn_server
+            .as_ref()
+            .map_or(true, |s| s.trim().is_empty());
+        no_custom_stun && no_custom_turn
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct RedfishConfig {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for RedfishConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { enabled: false }
+    }
+}
+

src/config/schema/web.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typeshare::typeshare;
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct AuthConfig {
+    pub session_timeout_secs: u32,
+    pub single_user_allow_multiple_sessions: bool,
+    pub totp_enabled: bool,
+    pub totp_secret: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for AuthConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            session_timeout_secs: 3600 * 24,
+            single_user_allow_multiple_sessions: false,
+            totp_enabled: false,
+            totp_secret: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct VideoConfig {
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+    pub format: Option<String>,
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub fps: u32,
+    pub quality: u32,
+}
+
+impl Default for VideoConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            device: None,
+            format: None,
+            width: 1920,
+            height: 1080,
+            fps: 30,
+            quality: 80,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct MsdConfig {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub msd_dir: String,
+}
+
+impl Default for MsdConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            enabled: true,
+            msd_dir: String::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl MsdConfig {
+    pub fn msd_dir_path(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+        std::path::PathBuf::from(&self.msd_dir)
+    }
+
+    pub fn images_dir(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+        self.msd_dir_path().join("images")
+    }
+
+    pub fn ventoy_dir(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+        self.msd_dir_path().join("ventoy")
+    }
+
+    pub fn drive_path(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+        self.ventoy_dir().join("ventoy.img")
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct AudioConfig {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub device: String,
+    pub quality: String,
+}
+
+impl Default for AudioConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            enabled: false,
+            device: String::new(),
+            quality: "balanced".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct WebConfig {
+    pub http_port: u16,
+    pub https_port: u16,
+    pub bind_addresses: Vec<String>,
+    pub bind_address: String,
+    pub https_enabled: bool,
+    pub ssl_cert_path: Option<String>,
+    pub ssl_key_path: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Default for WebConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            http_port: 8080,
+            https_port: 8443,
+            bind_addresses: Vec::new(),
+            bind_address: "0.0.0.0".to_string(),
+            https_enabled: false,
+            ssl_cert_path: None,
+            ssl_key_path: None,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/config/store.rs

@@ -1,149 +1,37 @@
 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
-use sqlx::{sqlite::SqlitePoolOptions, Pool, Sqlite};
-use std::path::Path;
+use sqlx::{Pool, Sqlite};
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
 use tokio::sync::broadcast;
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 
 use super::AppConfig;
+use super::ConfigChange;
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
 
-/// Configuration store backed by SQLite
-///
-/// Uses `ArcSwap` for lock-free reads, providing high performance
-/// for frequent configuration access in hot paths.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ConfigStore {
     pool: Pool<Sqlite>,
-    /// Lock-free cache using ArcSwap for zero-cost reads
     cache: Arc<ArcSwap<AppConfig>>,
     change_tx: broadcast::Sender<ConfigChange>,
-}
-
-/// Configuration change event
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct ConfigChange {
-    pub key: String,
+    write_lock: Arc<Mutex<()>>,
 }
 
 impl ConfigStore {
-    /// Create a new configuration store
-    pub async fn new(db_path: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
-        // Ensure parent directory exists
-        if let Some(parent) = db_path.parent() {
-            tokio::fs::create_dir_all(parent).await?;
-        }
-
-        let db_url = format!("sqlite:{}?mode=rwc", db_path.display());
-
-        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
-            // SQLite uses single-writer mode, 2 connections is sufficient for embedded devices
-            // One for reads, one for writes to avoid blocking
-            .max_connections(2)
-            // Set reasonable timeouts for embedded environments
-            .acquire_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
-            .idle_timeout(Duration::from_secs(300))
-            .connect(&db_url)
-            .await?;
-
-        // Initialize database schema
-        Self::init_schema(&pool).await?;
-
-        // Load or create default config
-        let config = Self::load_config(&pool).await?;
-        let cache = Arc::new(ArcSwap::from_pointee(config));
-
-        let (change_tx, _) = broadcast::channel(16);
-
+    pub fn new(pool: Pool<Sqlite>) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
             pool,
-            cache,
-            change_tx,
+            cache: Arc::new(ArcSwap::from_pointee(AppConfig::default())),
+            change_tx: broadcast::channel(16).0,
+            write_lock: Arc::new(Mutex::new(())),
         })
     }
 
-    /// Initialize database schema
-    async fn init_schema(pool: &Pool<Sqlite>) -> Result<()> {
-        sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS config (
-                key TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-                value TEXT NOT NULL,
-                updated_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
-            )
-            "#,
-        )
-        .execute(pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
-                id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-                username TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-                password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
-                created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
-                updated_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
-            )
-            "#,
-        )
-        .execute(pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sessions (
-                id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-                user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-                created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
-                expires_at TEXT NOT NULL,
-                data TEXT
-            )
-            "#,
-        )
-        .execute(pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS api_tokens (
-                id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-                name TEXT NOT NULL,
-                token_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
-                permissions TEXT NOT NULL,
-                expires_at TEXT,
-                created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
-                last_used TEXT
-            )
-            "#,
-        )
-        .execute(pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS wol_history (
-                mac_address TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
-                updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL
-            )
-            "#,
-        )
-        .execute(pool)
-        .await?;
-
-        sqlx::query(
-            r#"
-            CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_wol_history_updated_at
-            ON wol_history(updated_at DESC)
-            "#,
-        )
-        .execute(pool)
-        .await?;
-
+    pub async fn load(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        let config = Self::load_config(&self.pool).await?;
+        self.cache.store(Arc::new(config));
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Load configuration from database
     async fn load_config(pool: &Pool<Sqlite>) -> Result<AppConfig> {
         let row: Option<(String,)> =
             sqlx::query_as("SELECT value FROM config WHERE key = 'app_config'")
@@ -155,7 +43,6 @@ impl ConfigStore {
                 serde_json::from_str(&json).map_err(|e| AppError::Config(e.to_string()))
             }
             None => {
-                // Create default config
                 let config = AppConfig::default();
                 Self::save_config_to_db(pool, &config).await?;
                 Ok(config)
@@ -163,7 +50,6 @@ impl ConfigStore {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Save configuration to database
     async fn save_config_to_db(pool: &Pool<Sqlite>, config: &AppConfig) -> Result<()> {
         let json = serde_json::to_string(config)?;
 
@@ -181,20 +67,15 @@ impl ConfigStore {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Get current configuration (lock-free, zero-copy)
-    ///
-    /// Returns an `Arc<AppConfig>` for efficient sharing without cloning.
-    /// This is a lock-free operation with minimal overhead.
     pub fn get(&self) -> Arc<AppConfig> {
         self.cache.load_full()
     }
 
-    /// Set entire configuration
     pub async fn set(&self, config: AppConfig) -> Result<()> {
+        let _guard = self.write_lock.lock().await;
         Self::save_config_to_db(&self.pool, &config).await?;
         self.cache.store(Arc::new(config));
 
-        // Notify subscribers
         let _ = self.change_tx.send(ConfigChange {
             key: "app_config".to_string(),
         });
@@ -202,27 +83,19 @@ impl ConfigStore {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Update configuration with a closure
-    ///
-    /// Note: This uses a read-modify-write pattern. For concurrent updates,
-    /// the last write wins. This is acceptable for configuration changes
-    /// which are infrequent and typically user-initiated.
     pub async fn update<F>(&self, f: F) -> Result<()>
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut AppConfig),
     {
-        // Load current config, clone it for modification
+        let _guard = self.write_lock.lock().await;
         let current = self.cache.load();
         let mut config = (**current).clone();
         f(&mut config);
 
-        // Persist to database first
         Self::save_config_to_db(&self.pool, &config).await?;
 
-        // Then update cache atomically
         self.cache.store(Arc::new(config));
 
-        // Notify subscribers
         let _ = self.change_tx.send(ConfigChange {
             key: "app_config".to_string(),
         });
@@ -230,25 +103,19 @@ impl ConfigStore {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Subscribe to configuration changes
     pub fn subscribe(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<ConfigChange> {
         self.change_tx.subscribe()
     }
 
-    /// Check if system is initialized (lock-free)
     pub fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
         self.cache.load().initialized
     }
-
-    /// Get database pool for session management
-    pub fn pool(&self) -> &Pool<Sqlite> {
-        &self.pool
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use crate::db::DatabasePool;
     use tempfile::tempdir;
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -256,13 +123,15 @@ mod tests {
         let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
         let db_path = dir.path().join("test.db");
 
-        let store = ConfigStore::new(&db_path).await.unwrap();
+        let db = DatabasePool::new(&db_path).await.unwrap();
+        db.init_schema().await.unwrap();
+
+        let store = ConfigStore::new(db.clone_pool()).unwrap();
+        store.load().await.unwrap();
 
-        // Check default config (now lock-free, no await needed)
         let config = store.get();
         assert!(!config.initialized);
 
-        // Update config
         store
             .update(|c| {
                 c.initialized = true;
@@ -271,13 +140,12 @@ mod tests {
             .await
             .unwrap();
 
-        // Verify update
         let config = store.get();
         assert!(config.initialized);
         assert_eq!(config.web.http_port, 9000);
 
-        // Create new store instance and verify persistence
-        let store2 = ConfigStore::new(&db_path).await.unwrap();
+        let store2 = ConfigStore::new(db.clone_pool()).unwrap();
+        store2.load().await.unwrap();
         let config = store2.get();
         assert!(config.initialized);
         assert_eq!(config.web.http_port, 9000);

src/db/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+mod pool;
+
+pub use pool::DatabasePool;

src/db/pool.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+use sqlx::{sqlite::SqlitePoolOptions, Pool, Sqlite};
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct DatabasePool {
+    pool: Pool<Sqlite>,
+}
+
+impl DatabasePool {
+    pub async fn new(db_path: &Path) -> Result<Self> {
+        if let Some(parent) = db_path.parent() {
+            tokio::fs::create_dir_all(parent).await?;
+        }
+
+        let db_url = format!("sqlite:{}?mode=rwc", db_path.display());
+
+        let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
+            .max_connections(4)
+            .acquire_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
+            .idle_timeout(Duration::from_secs(300))
+            .connect(&db_url)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(Self { pool })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn init_schema(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.create_config_table().await?;
+        self.create_users_table().await?;
+        self.create_api_tokens_table().await?;
+        self.create_wol_history_table().await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn create_config_table(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS config (
+                key TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                value TEXT NOT NULL,
+                updated_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+            )
+            "#,
+        )
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn create_users_table(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+                id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                username TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+                password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+                created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+                updated_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+            )
+            "#,
+        )
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn create_api_tokens_table(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS api_tokens (
+                id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                name TEXT NOT NULL,
+                token_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+                permissions TEXT NOT NULL,
+                expires_at TEXT,
+                created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+                last_used TEXT
+            )
+            "#,
+        )
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn create_wol_history_table(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS wol_history (
+                mac_address TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+                updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+            )
+            "#,
+        )
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+
+        sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_wol_history_updated_at
+            ON wol_history(updated_at DESC)
+            "#,
+        )
+        .execute(&self.pool)
+        .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn pool(&self) -> &Pool<Sqlite> {
+        &self.pool
+    }
+
+    pub fn clone_pool(&self) -> Pool<Sqlite> {
+        self.pool.clone()
+    }
+}

src/diagnostics/linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+use super::{DeviceInfo, DiskSpaceInfo, NetworkAddress};
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+use crate::utils::hostname_uname;
+
+pub fn get_disk_space(path: &std::path::Path) -> Result<DiskSpaceInfo> {
+    let stat = nix::sys::statvfs::statvfs(path)
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::Internal(format!("Failed to get disk space: {}", e)))?;
+
+    let block_size = stat.block_size() as u64;
+    let total = stat.blocks() as u64 * block_size;
+    let available = stat.blocks_available() as u64 * block_size;
+    let used = total - available;
+
+    Ok(DiskSpaceInfo {
+        total,
+        available,
+        used,
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn get_device_info() -> DeviceInfo {
+    let mem_info = get_meminfo();
+
+    DeviceInfo {
+        hostname: hostname_uname(),
+        cpu_model: get_cpu_model(),
+        cpu_usage: get_cpu_usage(),
+        memory_total: mem_info.total,
+        memory_used: mem_info.total.saturating_sub(mem_info.available),
+        network_addresses: get_network_addresses(),
+        serial_ports: crate::utils::list_serial_ports(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_cpu_model() -> String {
+    let cpuinfo = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/cpuinfo").ok();
+
+    if let Some(model) = parse_cpu_model_from_cpuinfo_content(cpuinfo.as_deref()) {
+        return model;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(model) = read_device_tree_model() {
+        return model;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(content) = cpuinfo.as_deref() {
+        let cores = content
+            .lines()
+            .filter(|line| line.starts_with("processor"))
+            .count();
+        if cores > 0 {
+            return format!("{} {}C", std::env::consts::ARCH, cores);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::env::consts::ARCH.to_string()
+}
+
+fn parse_cpu_model_from_cpuinfo_content(content: Option<&str>) -> Option<String> {
+    let content = content?;
+
+    content
+        .lines()
+        .find(|line| line.starts_with("model name") || line.starts_with("Model"))
+        .and_then(|line| line.split(':').nth(1))
+        .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
+        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+}
+
+fn read_device_tree_model() -> Option<String> {
+    std::fs::read("/proc/device-tree/model")
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|bytes| parse_device_tree_model_bytes(bytes.as_slice()))
+}
+
+fn parse_device_tree_model_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
+    let model = String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes)
+        .trim_matches(|c: char| c == '\0' || c.is_whitespace())
+        .to_string();
+
+    if model.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(model)
+    }
+}
+
+static CPU_PREV_STATS: std::sync::OnceLock<std::sync::Mutex<(u64, u64)>> =
+    std::sync::OnceLock::new();
+
+fn get_cpu_usage() -> f32 {
+    let content = match std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/stat") {
+        Ok(c) => c,
+        Err(_) => return 0.0,
+    };
+
+    let cpu_line = match content.lines().next() {
+        Some(line) if line.starts_with("cpu ") => line,
+        _ => return 0.0,
+    };
+
+    let parts: Vec<u64> = cpu_line
+        .split_whitespace()
+        .skip(1)
+        .take(8)
+        .filter_map(|s| s.parse().ok())
+        .collect();
+
+    if parts.len() < 4 {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    let idle = parts[3] + parts.get(4).unwrap_or(&0);
+    let total: u64 = parts.iter().sum();
+
+    let prev_mutex = CPU_PREV_STATS.get_or_init(|| std::sync::Mutex::new((0, 0)));
+    let mut prev = prev_mutex.lock().unwrap();
+    let (prev_idle, prev_total) = *prev;
+
+    let idle_delta = idle.saturating_sub(prev_idle);
+    let total_delta = total.saturating_sub(prev_total);
+    *prev = (idle, total);
+
+    if total_delta == 0 {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    let usage = 100.0 * (1.0 - (idle_delta as f64 / total_delta as f64));
+    usage as f32
+}
+
+struct MemInfo {
+    total: u64,
+    available: u64,
+}
+
+fn get_meminfo() -> MemInfo {
+    let content = match std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/meminfo") {
+        Ok(c) => c,
+        Err(_) => {
+            return MemInfo {
+                total: 0,
+                available: 0,
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut total = 0u64;
+    let mut available = 0u64;
+
+    for line in content.lines() {
+        if line.starts_with("MemTotal:") {
+            if let Some(kb) = line
+                .split_whitespace()
+                .nth(1)
+                .and_then(|v| v.parse::<u64>().ok())
+            {
+                total = kb * 1024;
+            }
+        } else if line.starts_with("MemAvailable:") {
+            if let Some(kb) = line
+                .split_whitespace()
+                .nth(1)
+                .and_then(|v| v.parse::<u64>().ok())
+            {
+                available = kb * 1024;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if total > 0 && available > 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    MemInfo { total, available }
+}
+
+fn get_network_addresses() -> Vec<NetworkAddress> {
+    let all_addrs = match nix::ifaddrs::getifaddrs() {
+        Ok(addrs) => addrs,
+        Err(_) => return Vec::new(),
+    };
+
+    let mut up_ifaces = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    let net_dir = match std::fs::read_dir("/sys/class/net") {
+        Ok(dir) => dir,
+        Err(_) => return Vec::new(),
+    };
+
+    for entry in net_dir.flatten() {
+        let iface_name = match entry.file_name().into_string() {
+            Ok(name) => name,
+            Err(_) => continue,
+        };
+
+        if iface_name == "lo" {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let operstate_path = entry.path().join("operstate");
+        let is_up = std::fs::read_to_string(&operstate_path)
+            .map(|s| s.trim() == "up")
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+
+        if is_up {
+            up_ifaces.insert(iface_name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut addresses = Vec::new();
+    let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    for ifaddr in all_addrs {
+        let iface_name = &ifaddr.interface_name;
+        if iface_name == "lo" || !up_ifaces.contains(iface_name) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(addr) = ifaddr.address {
+            if let Some(sockaddr_in) = addr.as_sockaddr_in() {
+                let ip = sockaddr_in.ip();
+                if ip.is_loopback() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let ip_str = ip.to_string();
+                if seen.insert((iface_name.clone(), ip_str.clone())) {
+                    addresses.push(NetworkAddress {
+                        interface: iface_name.clone(),
+                        ip: ip_str,
+                    });
+                }
+            } else if let Some(sockaddr_in6) = addr.as_sockaddr_in6() {
+                let ip = sockaddr_in6.ip();
+                if ip.is_loopback() || ip.is_unspecified() || ip.is_unicast_link_local() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let ip_str = ip.to_string();
+                if seen.insert((iface_name.clone(), ip_str.clone())) {
+                    addresses.push(NetworkAddress {
+                        interface: iface_name.clone(),
+                        ip: ip_str,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    addresses
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{parse_cpu_model_from_cpuinfo_content, parse_device_tree_model_bytes};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_cpu_model_from_model_name_field() {
+        let input = "processor\t: 0\nmodel name\t: Intel(R) Xeon(R)\n";
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_cpu_model_from_cpuinfo_content(input),
+            Some("Intel(R) Xeon(R)".to_string())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_cpu_model_from_model_field() {
+        let input = "processor\t: 0\nModel\t\t: Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4\n";
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_cpu_model_from_cpuinfo_content(input),
+            Some("Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4".to_string())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_device_tree_model_trimmed() {
+        let input = b"Onething OEC Box\0\n";
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_device_tree_model_bytes(input),
+            Some("Onething OEC Box".to_string())
+        );
+    }
+}

src/diagnostics/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//! Host diagnostics used by the web status API.
+
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+use crate::error::Result;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct DeviceInfo {
+    pub hostname: String,
+    pub cpu_model: String,
+    pub cpu_usage: f32,
+    pub memory_total: u64,
+    pub memory_used: u64,
+    pub network_addresses: Vec<NetworkAddress>,
+    pub serial_ports: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct NetworkAddress {
+    pub interface: String,
+    pub ip: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct DiskSpaceInfo {
+    pub total: u64,
+    pub available: u64,
+    pub used: u64,
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+mod linux;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+mod windows;
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use linux as platform;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use windows as platform;
+
+pub fn get_disk_space(path: &std::path::Path) -> Result<DiskSpaceInfo> {
+    platform::get_disk_space(path)
+}
+
+pub fn get_device_info() -> DeviceInfo {
+    platform::get_device_info()
+}

src/diagnostics/windows.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+use super::{DeviceInfo, DiskSpaceInfo, NetworkAddress};
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+use crate::utils::hostname_uname;
+use std::ffi::CStr;
+use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
+use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock};
+use windows_sys::Win32::Foundation::{ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW, ERROR_SUCCESS, FILETIME};
+use windows_sys::Win32::NetworkManagement::IpHelper::{
+    GetAdaptersAddresses, GAA_FLAG_SKIP_ANYCAST, GAA_FLAG_SKIP_DNS_SERVER, GAA_FLAG_SKIP_MULTICAST,
+    IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH,
+};
+use windows_sys::Win32::NetworkManagement::Ndis::IfOperStatusUp;
+use windows_sys::Win32::Networking::WinSock::{
+    AF_INET, AF_INET6, SOCKADDR, SOCKADDR_IN, SOCKADDR_IN6,
+};
+use windows_sys::Win32::System::SystemInformation::{
+    GetNativeSystemInfo, GlobalMemoryStatusEx, MEMORYSTATUSEX, PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64,
+    PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64, PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL, SYSTEM_INFO,
+};
+use windows_sys::Win32::System::Threading::GetSystemTimes;
+
+pub fn get_disk_space(_path: &std::path::Path) -> Result<DiskSpaceInfo> {
+    Err(AppError::Internal(
+        "Disk space reporting is unavailable on Windows".to_string(),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub fn get_device_info() -> DeviceInfo {
+    let (memory_total, memory_used) = get_memory_usage();
+
+    DeviceInfo {
+        hostname: hostname_uname(),
+        cpu_model: get_cpu_model(),
+        cpu_usage: get_cpu_usage(),
+        memory_total,
+        memory_used,
+        network_addresses: get_network_addresses(),
+        serial_ports: crate::utils::list_serial_ports(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_cpu_model() -> String {
+    std::env::var("PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER")
+        .ok()
+        .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
+        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or_else(get_cpu_arch_label)
+}
+
+fn get_cpu_arch_label() -> String {
+    let mut info = std::mem::MaybeUninit::<SYSTEM_INFO>::zeroed();
+    unsafe {
+        GetNativeSystemInfo(info.as_mut_ptr());
+        let info = info.assume_init();
+        match info.Anonymous.Anonymous.wProcessorArchitecture {
+            PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 => "x86_64".to_string(),
+            PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64 => "aarch64".to_string(),
+            PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL => "x86".to_string(),
+            _ => std::env::consts::ARCH.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_memory_usage() -> (u64, u64) {
+    let mut status = MEMORYSTATUSEX {
+        dwLength: std::mem::size_of::<MEMORYSTATUSEX>() as u32,
+        ..unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() }
+    };
+
+    let ok = unsafe { GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&mut status) };
+    if ok == 0 {
+        return (0, 0);
+    }
+
+    (
+        status.ullTotalPhys,
+        status.ullTotalPhys.saturating_sub(status.ullAvailPhys),
+    )
+}
+
+fn get_cpu_usage() -> f32 {
+    static LAST_SAMPLE: OnceLock<Mutex<Option<CpuTimes>>> = OnceLock::new();
+
+    let Some(current) = read_cpu_times() else {
+        return 0.0;
+    };
+    let sample = LAST_SAMPLE.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(None));
+    let Ok(mut last) = sample.lock() else {
+        return 0.0;
+    };
+
+    let (previous, current) = if let Some(previous) = last.replace(current) {
+        (previous, current)
+    } else {
+        drop(last);
+        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+        let Some(next) = read_cpu_times() else {
+            return 0.0;
+        };
+        if let Ok(mut last) = sample.lock() {
+            *last = Some(next);
+        }
+        (current, next)
+    };
+
+    let idle = current.idle.saturating_sub(previous.idle);
+    let kernel = current.kernel.saturating_sub(previous.kernel);
+    let user = current.user.saturating_sub(previous.user);
+    let total = kernel.saturating_add(user);
+
+    if total == 0 {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    ((total.saturating_sub(idle)) as f64 * 100.0 / total as f64).clamp(0.0, 100.0) as f32
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct CpuTimes {
+    idle: u64,
+    kernel: u64,
+    user: u64,
+}
+
+fn read_cpu_times() -> Option<CpuTimes> {
+    let mut idle = FILETIME {
+        dwLowDateTime: 0,
+        dwHighDateTime: 0,
+    };
+    let mut kernel = idle;
+    let mut user = idle;
+
+    let ok = unsafe { GetSystemTimes(&mut idle, &mut kernel, &mut user) };
+    if ok == 0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    Some(CpuTimes {
+        idle: filetime_to_u64(idle),
+        kernel: filetime_to_u64(kernel),
+        user: filetime_to_u64(user),
+    })
+}
+
+fn filetime_to_u64(time: FILETIME) -> u64 {
+    ((time.dwHighDateTime as u64) << 32) | time.dwLowDateTime as u64
+}
+
+fn get_network_addresses() -> Vec<NetworkAddress> {
+    let mut buffer_len = 15_000u32;
+    let flags = GAA_FLAG_SKIP_ANYCAST | GAA_FLAG_SKIP_MULTICAST | GAA_FLAG_SKIP_DNS_SERVER;
+
+    for _ in 0..2 {
+        let mut buffer = vec![0u8; buffer_len as usize];
+        let ret = unsafe {
+            GetAdaptersAddresses(
+                0,
+                flags,
+                std::ptr::null_mut(),
+                buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH,
+                &mut buffer_len,
+            )
+        };
+
+        if ret == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ret != ERROR_SUCCESS {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        let mut addresses = Vec::new();
+        let mut adapter = buffer.as_ptr() as *const IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH;
+        while !adapter.is_null() {
+            let adapter_ref = unsafe { &*adapter };
+            if adapter_ref.OperStatus != IfOperStatusUp {
+                adapter = adapter_ref.Next;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let interface = adapter_name(adapter_ref);
+            let mut unicast = adapter_ref.FirstUnicastAddress;
+
+            while !unicast.is_null() {
+                let unicast_ref = unsafe { &*unicast };
+                if let Some(ip) = sockaddr_to_ip(unicast_ref.Address.lpSockaddr) {
+                    addresses.push(NetworkAddress {
+                        interface: interface.clone(),
+                        ip,
+                    });
+                }
+                unicast = unicast_ref.Next;
+            }
+
+            adapter = adapter_ref.Next;
+        }
+
+        addresses.sort_by(|a, b| a.interface.cmp(&b.interface).then(a.ip.cmp(&b.ip)));
+        addresses.dedup_by(|a, b| a.interface == b.interface && a.ip == b.ip);
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    Vec::new()
+}
+
+fn adapter_name(adapter: &IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES_LH) -> String {
+    unsafe {
+        if !adapter.FriendlyName.is_null() {
+            let mut len = 0usize;
+            while *adapter.FriendlyName.add(len) != 0 {
+                len += 1;
+            }
+            let name =
+                String::from_utf16_lossy(std::slice::from_raw_parts(adapter.FriendlyName, len));
+            if !name.trim().is_empty() {
+                return name;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if !adapter.AdapterName.is_null() {
+            return CStr::from_ptr(adapter.AdapterName.cast())
+                .to_string_lossy()
+                .into_owned();
+        }
+    }
+
+    "unknown".to_string()
+}
+
+fn sockaddr_to_ip(sockaddr: *const SOCKADDR) -> Option<String> {
+    if sockaddr.is_null() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let family = unsafe { (*sockaddr).sa_family };
+    match family {
+        AF_INET => {
+            let addr = unsafe { *(sockaddr as *const SOCKADDR_IN) };
+            let bytes = unsafe { addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr.to_ne_bytes() };
+            Some(Ipv4Addr::from(bytes).to_string())
+        }
+        AF_INET6 => {
+            let addr = unsafe { *(sockaddr as *const SOCKADDR_IN6) };
+            let bytes = unsafe { addr.sin6_addr.u.Byte };
+            Some(Ipv6Addr::from(bytes).to_string())
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}

src/error.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,5 @@
-use axum::{
-    http::StatusCode,
-    response::{IntoResponse, Response},
-    Json,
-};
-use serde::Serialize;
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-/// Application-wide error type
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum AppError {
     #[error("Authentication failed: {0}")]
@@ -15,17 +8,14 @@ pub enum AppError {
     #[error("Not authenticated")]
     Unauthorized,
 
-    #[error("Forbidden: {0}")]
-    Forbidden(String),
-
     #[error("Not found: {0}")]
     NotFound(String),
 
     #[error("Bad request: {0}")]
     BadRequest(String),
 
-    #[error("Database error: {0}")]
-    Database(#[from] sqlx::Error),
+    #[error("Persistence error: {0}")]
+    Persistence(String),
 
     #[error("Internal error: {0}")]
     Internal(String),
@@ -42,8 +32,9 @@ pub enum AppError {
     #[error("Video error: {0}")]
     VideoError(String),
 
-    #[error("Video device lost [{device}]: {reason}")]
-    VideoDeviceLost { device: String, reason: String },
+    /// No input signal while opening capture; `kind` is `SignalStatus` as string (`from_str`).
+    #[error("Capture has no valid signal: {kind}")]
+    CaptureNoSignal { kind: String },
 
     #[error("Audio error: {0}")]
     AudioError(String),
@@ -62,37 +53,10 @@ pub enum AppError {
     ServiceUnavailable(String),
 }
 
-/// Error response body (unified success format)
-#[derive(Serialize)]
-pub struct ErrorResponse {
-    pub success: bool,
-    pub message: String,
-}
-
-impl AppError {
-    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
-        // Always return 200 OK - success/failure is indicated by the success field
-        StatusCode::OK
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoResponse for AppError {
-    fn into_response(self) -> Response {
-        let status = self.status_code();
-        let body = ErrorResponse {
-            success: false,
-            message: self.to_string(),
-        };
-
-        tracing::error!(
-            error_type = std::any::type_name_of_val(&self),
-            error_message = %body.message,
-            "Request failed"
-        );
-
-        (status, Json(body)).into_response()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Result type alias for handlers
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, AppError>;
+
+impl From<sqlx::Error> for AppError {
+    fn from(err: sqlx::Error) -> Self {
+        AppError::Persistence(err.to_string())
+    }
+}

src/events/mod.rs

@@ -1,78 +1,108 @@
-//! Event system for real-time state notifications
-//!
-//! This module provides a global event bus for broadcasting system events
-//! to WebSocket clients and other subscribers.
+//! Event bus: [`SystemEvent`] fan-out to WebSocket subscribers and internal tasks.
 
 pub mod types;
 
+use self::types::EXACT_EVENT_TOPICS;
+
 pub use types::{
-    AtxDeviceInfo, AudioDeviceInfo, ClientStats, HidDeviceInfo, MsdDeviceInfo, SystemEvent,
-    VideoDeviceInfo,
+    AtxDeviceInfo, AudioDeviceInfo, ClientStats, HidDeviceInfo, LedState, MsdDeviceInfo,
+    StreamDeviceLostKind, SystemEvent, TtydDeviceInfo, VideoDeviceInfo,
 };
 
 use tokio::sync::broadcast;
 
-/// Event channel capacity (ring buffer size)
 const EVENT_CHANNEL_CAPACITY: usize = 256;
 
-/// Global event bus for broadcasting system events
-///
-/// The event bus uses tokio's broadcast channel to distribute events
-/// to multiple subscribers. Events are delivered to all active subscribers.
-///
-/// # Example
-///
-/// ```no_run
-/// use one_kvm::events::{EventBus, SystemEvent};
-///
-/// let bus = EventBus::new();
-///
-/// // Publish an event
-/// bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
-///     state: "streaming".to_string(),
-///     device: Some("/dev/video0".to_string()),
-/// });
-///
-/// // Subscribe to events
-/// let mut rx = bus.subscribe();
-/// tokio::spawn(async move {
-///     while let Ok(event) = rx.recv().await {
-///         println!("Received event: {:?}", event);
-///     }
-/// });
-/// ```
+fn collect_prefix_wildcards(exact: &[&'static str]) -> Vec<String> {
+    use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+    let mut segments = BTreeSet::new();
+    for name in exact {
+        if let Some((seg, _)) = name.split_once('.') {
+            segments.insert(seg);
+        }
+    }
+    segments.into_iter().map(|s| format!("{}.*", s)).collect()
+}
+
+fn make_sender() -> broadcast::Sender<SystemEvent> {
+    let (tx, _rx) = broadcast::channel(EVENT_CHANNEL_CAPACITY);
+    tx
+}
+
+fn topic_prefix(event_name: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    event_name
+        .split_once('.')
+        .map(|(prefix, _)| format!("{}.*", prefix))
+}
+
 pub struct EventBus {
     tx: broadcast::Sender<SystemEvent>,
+    exact_topics: std::collections::HashMap<&'static str, broadcast::Sender<SystemEvent>>,
+    prefix_topics: std::collections::HashMap<String, broadcast::Sender<SystemEvent>>,
+    device_info_dirty_tx: broadcast::Sender<()>,
 }
 
 impl EventBus {
-    /// Create a new event bus
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        let (tx, _rx) = broadcast::channel(EVENT_CHANNEL_CAPACITY);
-        Self { tx }
+        let tx = make_sender();
+        let exact_topics = EXACT_EVENT_TOPICS
+            .iter()
+            .map(|topic| (*topic, make_sender()))
+            .collect();
+        let prefix_topics = collect_prefix_wildcards(EXACT_EVENT_TOPICS)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|topic| (topic, make_sender()))
+            .collect();
+        let (device_info_dirty_tx, _dirty_rx) = broadcast::channel(EVENT_CHANNEL_CAPACITY);
+
+        Self {
+            tx,
+            exact_topics,
+            prefix_topics,
+            device_info_dirty_tx,
+        }
     }
 
-    /// Publish an event to all subscribers
-    ///
-    /// If there are no active subscribers, the event is silently dropped.
-    /// This is by design - events are fire-and-forget notifications.
     pub fn publish(&self, event: SystemEvent) {
-        // If no subscribers, send returns Err which is normal
+        let event_name = event.event_name();
+
+        if let Some(tx) = self.exact_topics.get(event_name) {
+            let _ = tx.send(event.clone());
+        }
+
+        if let Some(prefix) = topic_prefix(event_name) {
+            if let Some(tx) = self.prefix_topics.get(&prefix) {
+                let _ = tx.send(event.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
         let _ = self.tx.send(event);
     }
 
-    /// Subscribe to events
-    ///
-    /// Returns a receiver that will receive all future events.
-    /// The receiver uses a ring buffer, so if a subscriber falls too far
-    /// behind, it will receive a `Lagged` error and miss some events.
     pub fn subscribe(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<SystemEvent> {
         self.tx.subscribe()
     }
 
-    /// Get the current number of active subscribers
-    ///
-    /// Useful for monitoring and debugging.
+    pub fn subscribe_topic(&self, topic: &str) -> Option<broadcast::Receiver<SystemEvent>> {
+        if topic == "*" {
+            return Some(self.tx.subscribe());
+        }
+
+        if topic.ends_with(".*") {
+            return self.prefix_topics.get(topic).map(|tx| tx.subscribe());
+        }
+
+        self.exact_topics.get(topic).map(|tx| tx.subscribe())
+    }
+
+    pub fn mark_device_info_dirty(&self) {
+        let _ = self.device_info_dirty_tx.send(());
+    }
+
+    pub fn subscribe_device_info_dirty(&self) -> broadcast::Receiver<()> {
+        self.device_info_dirty_tx.subscribe()
+    }
+
     pub fn subscriber_count(&self) -> usize {
         self.tx.receiver_count()
     }
@@ -96,6 +126,8 @@ mod tests {
         bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
             state: "streaming".to_string(),
             device: Some("/dev/video0".to_string()),
+            reason: None,
+            next_retry_ms: None,
         });
 
         let event = rx.recv().await.unwrap();
@@ -110,17 +142,56 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq!(bus.subscriber_count(), 2);
 
-        bus.publish(SystemEvent::SystemError {
-            module: "test".to_string(),
-            severity: "info".to_string(),
-            message: "test message".to_string(),
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
+            state: "ready".to_string(),
+            device: Some("/dev/video0".to_string()),
+            reason: None,
+            next_retry_ms: None,
         });
 
         let event1 = rx1.recv().await.unwrap();
         let event2 = rx2.recv().await.unwrap();
 
-        assert!(matches!(event1, SystemEvent::SystemError { .. }));
-        assert!(matches!(event2, SystemEvent::SystemError { .. }));
+        assert!(matches!(event1, SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged { .. }));
+        assert!(matches!(event2, SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_subscribe_topic_exact() {
+        let bus = EventBus::new();
+        let mut rx = bus.subscribe_topic("stream.state_changed").unwrap();
+
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
+            state: "ready".to_string(),
+            device: None,
+            reason: None,
+            next_retry_ms: None,
+        });
+
+        let event = rx.recv().await.unwrap();
+        assert!(matches!(event, SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_subscribe_topic_prefix() {
+        let bus = EventBus::new();
+        let mut rx = bus.subscribe_topic("stream.*").unwrap();
+
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
+            state: "ready".to_string(),
+            device: None,
+            reason: None,
+            next_retry_ms: None,
+        });
+
+        let event = rx.recv().await.unwrap();
+        assert!(matches!(event, SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_subscribe_topic_unknown() {
+        let bus = EventBus::new();
+        assert!(bus.subscribe_topic("unknown.topic").is_none());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -128,11 +199,11 @@ mod tests {
         let bus = EventBus::new();
         assert_eq!(bus.subscriber_count(), 0);
 
-        // Should not panic when publishing with no subscribers
-        bus.publish(SystemEvent::SystemError {
-            module: "test".to_string(),
-            severity: "info".to_string(),
-            message: "test".to_string(),
+        bus.publish(SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
+            state: "ready".to_string(),
+            device: None,
+            reason: None,
+            next_retry_ms: None,
         });
     }
 }

src/events/types.rs

@@ -1,548 +1,234 @@
-//! System event types
-//!
-//! Defines all event types that can be broadcast through the event bus.
+//! [`SystemEvent`] and device snapshot types (WebSocket / JSON).
 
-use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use crate::atx::PowerStatus;
-use crate::msd::MsdMode;
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LedState {
+    pub num_lock: bool,
+    pub caps_lock: bool,
+    pub scroll_lock: bool,
+    pub compose: bool,
+    pub kana: bool,
+}
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Device Info Structures (for system.device_info event)
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// Video device information
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct VideoDeviceInfo {
-    /// Whether video device is available
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Device path (e.g., /dev/video0)
     pub device: Option<String>,
-    /// Pixel format (e.g., "MJPEG", "YUYV")
     pub format: Option<String>,
-    /// Resolution (width, height)
     pub resolution: Option<(u32, u32)>,
-    /// Frames per second
     pub fps: u32,
-    /// Whether stream is currently active
     pub online: bool,
-    /// Current streaming mode: "mjpeg", "h264", "h265", "vp8", or "vp9"
     pub stream_mode: String,
-    /// Whether video config is currently being changed (frontend should skip mode sync)
     pub config_changing: bool,
-    /// Error message if any, None if OK
     pub error: Option<String>,
 }
 
-/// HID device information
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct HidDeviceInfo {
-    /// Whether HID backend is available
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Backend type: "otg", "ch9329", "none"
     pub backend: String,
-    /// Whether backend is initialized and ready
     pub initialized: bool,
-    /// Whether absolute mouse positioning is supported
+    pub online: bool,
     pub supports_absolute_mouse: bool,
-    /// Device path (e.g., serial port for CH9329)
+    pub keyboard_leds_enabled: bool,
+    pub led_state: LedState,
     pub device: Option<String>,
-    /// Error message if any, None if OK
     pub error: Option<String>,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
 }
 
-/// MSD device information
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct MsdDeviceInfo {
-    /// Whether MSD is available
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Operating mode: "none", "image", "drive"
     pub mode: String,
-    /// Whether storage is connected to target
     pub connected: bool,
-    /// Currently mounted image ID
     pub image_id: Option<String>,
-    /// Error message if any, None if OK
     pub error: Option<String>,
 }
 
-/// ATX device information
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct AtxDeviceInfo {
-    /// Whether ATX controller is available
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Backend type: "gpio", "usb_relay", "none"
     pub backend: String,
-    /// Whether backend is initialized
     pub initialized: bool,
-    /// Whether power is currently on
     pub power_on: bool,
-    /// Error message if any, None if OK
     pub error: Option<String>,
 }
 
-/// Audio device information
-///
-/// Note: Sample rate is fixed at 48000Hz and channels at 2 (stereo).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct AudioDeviceInfo {
-    /// Whether audio is enabled/available
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Whether audio is currently streaming
     pub streaming: bool,
-    /// Current audio device name
     pub device: Option<String>,
-    /// Quality preset: "voice", "balanced", "high"
     pub quality: String,
-    /// Error message if any, None if OK
     pub error: Option<String>,
 }
 
-/// Per-client statistics
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TtydDeviceInfo {
+    pub available: bool,
+    pub running: bool,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ClientStats {
-    /// Client ID
     pub id: String,
-    /// Current FPS for this client (frames sent in last second)
     pub fps: u32,
-    /// Connected duration (seconds)
     pub connected_secs: u64,
 }
 
-/// System event enumeration
-///
-/// All events are tagged with their event name for serialization.
-/// The `serde(tag = "event", content = "data")` attribute creates a
-/// JSON structure like:
-/// ```json
-/// {
-///   "event": "stream.state_changed",
-///   "data": { "state": "streaming", "device": "/dev/video0" }
-/// }
-/// ```
+/// Video vs audio source for [`SystemEvent::StreamDeviceLost`] (WebSocket `stream.device_lost`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum StreamDeviceLostKind {
+    Video,
+    Audio,
+}
+
+/// JSON: `{"event": "<name>", "data": { ... }}`.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "event", content = "data")]
 #[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub enum SystemEvent {
-    // ============================================================================
-    // Video Stream Events
-    // ============================================================================
-    /// Stream mode switching started (transactional, correlates all following events)
-    ///
-    /// Sent immediately after a mode switch request is accepted.
-    /// Clients can use `transition_id` to correlate subsequent `stream.*` events.
     #[serde(rename = "stream.mode_switching")]
     StreamModeSwitching {
-        /// Unique transition ID for this mode switch transaction
         transition_id: String,
-        /// Target mode: "mjpeg", "h264", "h265", "vp8", "vp9"
         to_mode: String,
-        /// Previous mode: "mjpeg", "h264", "h265", "vp8", "vp9"
         from_mode: String,
     },
 
-    /// Stream state changed (e.g., started, stopped, error)
     #[serde(rename = "stream.state_changed")]
     StreamStateChanged {
-        /// Current state: "uninitialized", "ready", "streaming", "no_signal", "error"
         state: String,
-        /// Device path if available
         device: Option<String>,
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+        reason: Option<String>,
+        #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+        next_retry_ms: Option<u64>,
     },
 
-    /// Stream configuration is being changed
-    ///
-    /// Sent before applying new configuration to notify clients that
-    /// the stream will be interrupted temporarily.
     #[serde(rename = "stream.config_changing")]
     StreamConfigChanging {
-        /// Optional transition ID if this config change is part of a mode switch transaction
         #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
         transition_id: Option<String>,
-        /// Reason for change: "device_switch", "resolution_change", "format_change"
         reason: String,
     },
 
-    /// Stream configuration has been applied successfully
-    ///
-    /// Sent after new configuration is active. Clients can reconnect now.
     #[serde(rename = "stream.config_applied")]
     StreamConfigApplied {
-        /// Optional transition ID if this config change is part of a mode switch transaction
         #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
         transition_id: Option<String>,
-        /// Device path
         device: String,
-        /// Resolution (width, height)
         resolution: (u32, u32),
-        /// Pixel format: "mjpeg", "yuyv", etc.
         format: String,
-        /// Frames per second
         fps: u32,
     },
 
-    /// Stream device was lost (disconnected or error)
     #[serde(rename = "stream.device_lost")]
     StreamDeviceLost {
-        /// Device path that was lost
+        kind: StreamDeviceLostKind,
         device: String,
-        /// Reason for loss
         reason: String,
     },
 
-    /// Stream device is reconnecting
     #[serde(rename = "stream.reconnecting")]
-    StreamReconnecting {
-        /// Device path being reconnected
-        device: String,
-        /// Retry attempt number
-        attempt: u32,
-    },
+    StreamReconnecting { device: String, attempt: u32 },
 
-    /// Stream device has recovered
     #[serde(rename = "stream.recovered")]
-    StreamRecovered {
-        /// Device path that was recovered
-        device: String,
-    },
+    StreamRecovered { device: String },
 
-    /// WebRTC is ready to accept connections
-    ///
-    /// Sent after video frame source is connected to WebRTC pipeline.
-    /// Clients should wait for this event before attempting to create WebRTC sessions.
     #[serde(rename = "stream.webrtc_ready")]
     WebRTCReady {
-        /// Optional transition ID if this readiness is part of a mode switch transaction
         #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
         transition_id: Option<String>,
-        /// Current video codec
         codec: String,
-        /// Whether hardware encoding is being used
         hardware: bool,
     },
 
-    /// WebRTC ICE candidate (server -> client trickle)
     #[serde(rename = "webrtc.ice_candidate")]
     WebRTCIceCandidate {
-        /// WebRTC session ID
         session_id: String,
-        /// ICE candidate data
-        candidate: crate::webrtc::signaling::IceCandidate,
+        candidate: serde_json::Value,
     },
 
-    /// WebRTC ICE gathering complete (server -> client)
     #[serde(rename = "webrtc.ice_complete")]
-    WebRTCIceComplete {
-        /// WebRTC session ID
-        session_id: String,
-    },
+    WebRTCIceComplete { session_id: String },
 
-    /// Stream statistics update (sent periodically for client stats)
     #[serde(rename = "stream.stats_update")]
     StreamStatsUpdate {
-        /// Number of connected clients
         clients: u64,
-        /// Per-client statistics (client_id -> client stats)
-        /// Each client's FPS reflects the actual frames sent in the last second
         clients_stat: HashMap<String, ClientStats>,
     },
 
-    /// Stream mode changed (MJPEG <-> WebRTC)
-    ///
-    /// Sent when the streaming mode is switched. Clients should disconnect
-    /// from the current stream and reconnect using the new mode.
     #[serde(rename = "stream.mode_changed")]
     StreamModeChanged {
-        /// Optional transition ID if this change is part of a mode switch transaction
         #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
         transition_id: Option<String>,
-        /// New mode: "mjpeg", "h264", "h265", "vp8", or "vp9"
         mode: String,
-        /// Previous mode: "mjpeg", "h264", "h265", "vp8", or "vp9"
         previous_mode: String,
     },
 
-    /// Stream mode switching completed (transactional end marker)
-    ///
-    /// Sent when the backend considers the new mode ready for clients to connect.
     #[serde(rename = "stream.mode_ready")]
-    StreamModeReady {
-        /// Unique transition ID for this mode switch transaction
-        transition_id: String,
-        /// Active mode after switch: "mjpeg", "h264", "h265", "vp8", "vp9"
-        mode: String,
-    },
+    StreamModeReady { transition_id: String, mode: String },
 
-    // ============================================================================
-    // HID Events
-    // ============================================================================
-    /// HID backend state changed
-    #[serde(rename = "hid.state_changed")]
-    HidStateChanged {
-        /// Backend type: "otg", "ch9329", "none"
-        backend: String,
-        /// Whether backend is initialized and ready
-        initialized: bool,
-        /// Error message if any, None if OK
-        error: Option<String>,
-        /// Error code for programmatic handling: "epipe", "eagain", "port_not_found", etc.
-        error_code: Option<String>,
-    },
-
-    /// HID backend is being switched
-    #[serde(rename = "hid.backend_switching")]
-    HidBackendSwitching {
-        /// Current backend
-        from: String,
-        /// New backend
-        to: String,
-    },
-
-    /// HID device lost (device file missing or I/O error)
-    #[serde(rename = "hid.device_lost")]
-    HidDeviceLost {
-        /// Backend type: "otg", "ch9329"
-        backend: String,
-        /// Device path that was lost (e.g., /dev/hidg0 or /dev/ttyUSB0)
-        device: Option<String>,
-        /// Human-readable reason for loss
-        reason: String,
-        /// Error code: "epipe", "eshutdown", "eagain", "enxio", "port_not_found", "io_error"
-        error_code: String,
-    },
-
-    /// HID device is reconnecting
-    #[serde(rename = "hid.reconnecting")]
-    HidReconnecting {
-        /// Backend type: "otg", "ch9329"
-        backend: String,
-        /// Current retry attempt number
-        attempt: u32,
-    },
-
-    /// HID device has recovered after error
-    #[serde(rename = "hid.recovered")]
-    HidRecovered {
-        /// Backend type: "otg", "ch9329"
-        backend: String,
-    },
-
-    // ============================================================================
-    // MSD (Mass Storage Device) Events
-    // ============================================================================
-    /// MSD state changed
-    #[serde(rename = "msd.state_changed")]
-    MsdStateChanged {
-        /// Operating mode
-        mode: MsdMode,
-        /// Whether storage is connected to target
-        connected: bool,
-    },
-
-    /// Image has been mounted
-    #[serde(rename = "msd.image_mounted")]
-    MsdImageMounted {
-        /// Image ID
-        image_id: String,
-        /// Image filename
-        image_name: String,
-        /// Image size in bytes
-        size: u64,
-        /// Mount as CD-ROM (read-only)
-        cdrom: bool,
-    },
-
-    /// Image has been unmounted
-    #[serde(rename = "msd.image_unmounted")]
-    MsdImageUnmounted,
-
-    /// File upload progress (for large file uploads)
     #[serde(rename = "msd.upload_progress")]
     MsdUploadProgress {
-        /// Upload operation ID
         upload_id: String,
-        /// Filename being uploaded
         filename: String,
-        /// Bytes uploaded so far
         bytes_uploaded: u64,
-        /// Total file size
         total_bytes: u64,
-        /// Progress percentage (0.0 - 100.0)
         progress_pct: f32,
     },
 
-    /// Image download progress (for URL downloads)
     #[serde(rename = "msd.download_progress")]
     MsdDownloadProgress {
-        /// Download operation ID
         download_id: String,
-        /// Source URL
         url: String,
-        /// Target filename
         filename: String,
-        /// Bytes downloaded so far
         bytes_downloaded: u64,
-        /// Total file size (None if unknown)
         total_bytes: Option<u64>,
-        /// Progress percentage (0.0 - 100.0, None if total unknown)
         progress_pct: Option<f32>,
-        /// Download status: "started", "in_progress", "completed", "failed"
         status: String,
     },
 
-    /// USB gadget connection status changed (host connected/disconnected)
-    #[serde(rename = "msd.usb_status_changed")]
-    MsdUsbStatusChanged {
-        /// Whether host is connected to USB device
-        connected: bool,
-        /// USB device state from kernel (e.g., "configured", "not attached")
-        device_state: String,
-    },
-
-    /// MSD operation error (configfs, image mount, etc.)
-    #[serde(rename = "msd.error")]
-    MsdError {
-        /// Human-readable reason for error
-        reason: String,
-        /// Error code: "configfs_error", "image_not_found", "mount_failed", "io_error"
-        error_code: String,
-    },
-
-    /// MSD has recovered after error
-    #[serde(rename = "msd.recovered")]
-    MsdRecovered,
-
-    // ============================================================================
-    // ATX (Power Control) Events
-    // ============================================================================
-    /// ATX power state changed
-    #[serde(rename = "atx.state_changed")]
-    AtxStateChanged {
-        /// Power status
-        power_status: PowerStatus,
-    },
-
-    /// ATX action was executed
-    #[serde(rename = "atx.action_executed")]
-    AtxActionExecuted {
-        /// Action: "short", "long", "reset"
-        action: String,
-        /// When the action was executed
-        timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
-    },
-
-    // ============================================================================
-    // Audio Events
-    // ============================================================================
-    /// Audio state changed (streaming started/stopped)
-    #[serde(rename = "audio.state_changed")]
-    AudioStateChanged {
-        /// Whether audio is currently streaming
-        streaming: bool,
-        /// Current device (None if stopped)
-        device: Option<String>,
-    },
-
-    /// Audio device was selected
-    #[serde(rename = "audio.device_selected")]
-    AudioDeviceSelected {
-        /// Selected device name
-        device: String,
-    },
-
-    /// Audio quality was changed
-    #[serde(rename = "audio.quality_changed")]
-    AudioQualityChanged {
-        /// New quality setting: "voice", "balanced", "high"
-        quality: String,
-    },
-
-    /// Audio device lost (capture error or device disconnected)
-    #[serde(rename = "audio.device_lost")]
-    AudioDeviceLost {
-        /// Audio device name (e.g., "hw:0,0")
-        device: Option<String>,
-        /// Human-readable reason for loss
-        reason: String,
-        /// Error code: "device_busy", "device_disconnected", "capture_error", "io_error"
-        error_code: String,
-    },
-
-    /// Audio device is reconnecting
-    #[serde(rename = "audio.reconnecting")]
-    AudioReconnecting {
-        /// Current retry attempt number
-        attempt: u32,
-    },
-
-    /// Audio device has recovered after error
-    #[serde(rename = "audio.recovered")]
-    AudioRecovered {
-        /// Audio device name
-        device: Option<String>,
-    },
-
-    // ============================================================================
-    // System Events
-    // ============================================================================
-    /// A device was added (hot-plug)
-    #[serde(rename = "system.device_added")]
-    SystemDeviceAdded {
-        /// Device type: "video", "audio", "hid", etc.
-        device_type: String,
-        /// Device path
-        device_path: String,
-        /// Device name/description
-        device_name: String,
-    },
-
-    /// A device was removed (hot-unplug)
-    #[serde(rename = "system.device_removed")]
-    SystemDeviceRemoved {
-        /// Device type
-        device_type: String,
-        /// Device path that was removed
-        device_path: String,
-    },
-
-    /// System error or warning
-    #[serde(rename = "system.error")]
-    SystemError {
-        /// Module that generated the error: "stream", "hid", "msd", "atx"
-        module: String,
-        /// Severity: "warning", "error", "critical"
-        severity: String,
-        /// Error message
-        message: String,
-    },
-
-    /// Complete device information (sent on WebSocket connect and state changes)
     #[serde(rename = "system.device_info")]
     DeviceInfo {
-        /// Video device information
         video: VideoDeviceInfo,
-        /// HID device information
         hid: HidDeviceInfo,
-        /// MSD device information (None if MSD not enabled)
         msd: Option<MsdDeviceInfo>,
-        /// ATX device information (None if ATX not enabled)
         atx: Option<AtxDeviceInfo>,
-        /// Audio device information (None if audio not enabled)
         audio: Option<AudioDeviceInfo>,
+        ttyd: TtydDeviceInfo,
     },
 
-    /// WebSocket error notification (for connection-level errors like lag)
     #[serde(rename = "error")]
-    Error {
-        /// Error message
-        message: String,
-    },
+    Error { message: String },
 }
 
+/// One entry per [`SystemEvent::event_name`]. `EventBus` builds `*.`-wildcard channels from the first segment; names without `.` (e.g. `error`) have no wildcard channel.
+pub(crate) const EXACT_EVENT_TOPICS: &[&str] = &[
+    "stream.mode_switching",
+    "stream.state_changed",
+    "stream.config_changing",
+    "stream.config_applied",
+    "stream.device_lost",
+    "stream.reconnecting",
+    "stream.recovered",
+    "stream.webrtc_ready",
+    "stream.stats_update",
+    "stream.mode_changed",
+    "stream.mode_ready",
+    "webrtc.ice_candidate",
+    "webrtc.ice_complete",
+    "msd.upload_progress",
+    "msd.download_progress",
+    "system.device_info",
+    "error",
+];
+
 impl SystemEvent {
-    /// Get the event name (for filtering/routing)
     pub fn event_name(&self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
             Self::StreamModeSwitching { .. } => "stream.mode_switching",
@@ -558,55 +244,12 @@ impl SystemEvent {
             Self::StreamModeReady { .. } => "stream.mode_ready",
             Self::WebRTCIceCandidate { .. } => "webrtc.ice_candidate",
             Self::WebRTCIceComplete { .. } => "webrtc.ice_complete",
-            Self::HidStateChanged { .. } => "hid.state_changed",
-            Self::HidBackendSwitching { .. } => "hid.backend_switching",
-            Self::HidDeviceLost { .. } => "hid.device_lost",
-            Self::HidReconnecting { .. } => "hid.reconnecting",
-            Self::HidRecovered { .. } => "hid.recovered",
-            Self::MsdStateChanged { .. } => "msd.state_changed",
-            Self::MsdImageMounted { .. } => "msd.image_mounted",
-            Self::MsdImageUnmounted => "msd.image_unmounted",
             Self::MsdUploadProgress { .. } => "msd.upload_progress",
             Self::MsdDownloadProgress { .. } => "msd.download_progress",
-            Self::MsdUsbStatusChanged { .. } => "msd.usb_status_changed",
-            Self::MsdError { .. } => "msd.error",
-            Self::MsdRecovered => "msd.recovered",
-            Self::AtxStateChanged { .. } => "atx.state_changed",
-            Self::AtxActionExecuted { .. } => "atx.action_executed",
-            Self::AudioStateChanged { .. } => "audio.state_changed",
-            Self::AudioDeviceSelected { .. } => "audio.device_selected",
-            Self::AudioQualityChanged { .. } => "audio.quality_changed",
-            Self::AudioDeviceLost { .. } => "audio.device_lost",
-            Self::AudioReconnecting { .. } => "audio.reconnecting",
-            Self::AudioRecovered { .. } => "audio.recovered",
-            Self::SystemDeviceAdded { .. } => "system.device_added",
-            Self::SystemDeviceRemoved { .. } => "system.device_removed",
-            Self::SystemError { .. } => "system.error",
             Self::DeviceInfo { .. } => "system.device_info",
             Self::Error { .. } => "error",
         }
     }
-
-    /// Check if event name matches a topic pattern
-    ///
-    /// Supports wildcards:
-    /// - `*` matches all events
-    /// - `stream.*` matches all stream events
-    /// - `stream.state_changed` matches exact event
-    pub fn matches_topic(&self, topic: &str) -> bool {
-        if topic == "*" {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        let event_name = self.event_name();
-
-        if topic.ends_with(".*") {
-            let prefix = topic.trim_end_matches(".*");
-            event_name.starts_with(prefix)
-        } else {
-            event_name == topic
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -618,30 +261,145 @@ mod tests {
         let event = SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
             state: "streaming".to_string(),
             device: Some("/dev/video0".to_string()),
+            reason: None,
+            next_retry_ms: None,
         };
         assert_eq!(event.event_name(), "stream.state_changed");
-
-        let event = SystemEvent::MsdImageMounted {
-            image_id: "123".to_string(),
-            image_name: "ubuntu.iso".to_string(),
-            size: 1024,
-            cdrom: true,
-        };
-        assert_eq!(event.event_name(), "msd.image_mounted");
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_matches_topic() {
-        let event = SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
-            state: "streaming".to_string(),
-            device: None,
+    fn stream_device_lost_json_snake_case_kind() {
+        let event = SystemEvent::StreamDeviceLost {
+            kind: StreamDeviceLostKind::Audio,
+            device: "hw:0,0".to_string(),
+            reason: "test".to_string(),
         };
+        let v = serde_json::to_value(&event).unwrap();
+        let data = v.get("data").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(data.get("kind").and_then(|x| x.as_str()), Some("audio"));
+        assert_eq!(data.get("device").and_then(|x| x.as_str()), Some("hw:0,0"));
+    }
 
-        assert!(event.matches_topic("*"));
-        assert!(event.matches_topic("stream.*"));
-        assert!(event.matches_topic("stream.state_changed"));
-        assert!(!event.matches_topic("msd.*"));
-        assert!(!event.matches_topic("stream.config_changed"));
+    #[test]
+    fn exact_topics_covers_all_variants() {
+        use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+        let samples = vec![
+            SystemEvent::StreamModeSwitching {
+                transition_id: String::new(),
+                to_mode: String::new(),
+                from_mode: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamStateChanged {
+                state: String::new(),
+                device: None,
+                reason: None,
+                next_retry_ms: None,
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamConfigChanging {
+                transition_id: None,
+                reason: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamConfigApplied {
+                transition_id: None,
+                device: String::new(),
+                resolution: (0, 0),
+                format: String::new(),
+                fps: 0,
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamDeviceLost {
+                kind: StreamDeviceLostKind::Video,
+                device: String::new(),
+                reason: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamReconnecting {
+                device: String::new(),
+                attempt: 0,
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamRecovered {
+                device: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::WebRTCReady {
+                transition_id: None,
+                codec: String::new(),
+                hardware: false,
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamStatsUpdate {
+                clients: 0,
+                clients_stat: HashMap::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamModeChanged {
+                transition_id: None,
+                mode: String::new(),
+                previous_mode: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::StreamModeReady {
+                transition_id: String::new(),
+                mode: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::WebRTCIceCandidate {
+                session_id: String::new(),
+                candidate: serde_json::Value::Null,
+            },
+            SystemEvent::WebRTCIceComplete {
+                session_id: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::MsdUploadProgress {
+                upload_id: String::new(),
+                filename: String::new(),
+                bytes_uploaded: 0,
+                total_bytes: 0,
+                progress_pct: 0.0,
+            },
+            SystemEvent::MsdDownloadProgress {
+                download_id: String::new(),
+                url: String::new(),
+                filename: String::new(),
+                bytes_downloaded: 0,
+                total_bytes: None,
+                progress_pct: None,
+                status: String::new(),
+            },
+            SystemEvent::DeviceInfo {
+                video: VideoDeviceInfo {
+                    available: false,
+                    device: None,
+                    format: None,
+                    resolution: None,
+                    fps: 0,
+                    online: false,
+                    stream_mode: String::new(),
+                    config_changing: false,
+                    error: None,
+                },
+                hid: HidDeviceInfo {
+                    available: false,
+                    backend: String::new(),
+                    initialized: false,
+                    online: false,
+                    supports_absolute_mouse: false,
+                    keyboard_leds_enabled: false,
+                    led_state: LedState::default(),
+                    device: None,
+                    error: None,
+                    error_code: None,
+                },
+                msd: None,
+                atx: None,
+                audio: None,
+                ttyd: TtydDeviceInfo {
+                    available: false,
+                    running: false,
+                },
+            },
+            SystemEvent::Error {
+                message: String::new(),
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let from_enum: HashSet<_> = samples.iter().map(|e| e.event_name()).collect();
+        let from_const: HashSet<_> = super::EXACT_EVENT_TOPICS.iter().copied().collect();
+        assert_eq!(from_enum, from_const);
     }
 
     #[test]

src/extensions/manager.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-//! Extension process manager
-
 use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
-use std::path::Path;
 use std::process::Stdio;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -10,27 +7,30 @@ use tokio::process::{Child, Command};
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
 use super::types::*;
+use crate::events::EventBus;
 
-/// Maximum number of log lines to keep per extension
 const LOG_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 200;
-
-/// Number of log lines to buffer before flushing to shared storage
 const LOG_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 16;
 
-/// Unix socket path for ttyd
+#[cfg(unix)]
 pub const TTYD_SOCKET_PATH: &str = "/var/run/one-kvm/ttyd.sock";
 
-/// Extension process with log buffer
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub const TTYD_TCP_ADDR: &str = "127.0.0.1:7681";
+#[cfg(windows)]
+const TTYD_TCP_HOST: &str = "127.0.0.1";
+#[cfg(windows)]
+const TTYD_TCP_PORT: &str = "7681";
+
 struct ExtensionProcess {
     child: Child,
     logs: Arc<RwLock<VecDeque<String>>>,
 }
 
-/// Extension manager handles lifecycle of external processes
 pub struct ExtensionManager {
     processes: RwLock<HashMap<ExtensionId, ExtensionProcess>>,
-    /// Cached availability status (checked once at startup)
     availability: HashMap<ExtensionId, bool>,
+    event_bus: RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>,
 }
 
 impl Default for ExtensionManager {
@@ -40,65 +40,108 @@ impl Default for ExtensionManager {
 }
 
 impl ExtensionManager {
-    /// Create a new extension manager with cached availability
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        // Check availability once at startup
         let availability = ExtensionId::all()
             .iter()
-            .map(|id| (*id, Path::new(id.binary_path()).exists()))
+            .map(|id| (*id, id.binary_path().exists()))
             .collect();
 
         Self {
             processes: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
             availability,
+            event_bus: RwLock::new(None),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_event_bus(&self, event_bus: Arc<EventBus>) {
+        *self.event_bus.write().await = Some(event_bus);
+    }
+
+    async fn mark_ttyd_status_dirty(&self, id: ExtensionId) {
+        if id != ExtensionId::Ttyd {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ref event_bus) = *self.event_bus.read().await {
+            event_bus.mark_device_info_dirty();
         }
     }
 
-    /// Check if the binary for an extension is available (cached)
     pub fn check_available(&self, id: ExtensionId) -> bool {
         *self.availability.get(&id).unwrap_or(&false)
     }
 
-    /// Get the current status of an extension
+    fn is_enabled_for_config(id: ExtensionId, config: &ExtensionsConfig) -> bool {
+        match id {
+            ExtensionId::Ttyd => config.ttyd.enabled,
+            ExtensionId::Gostc => {
+                config.gostc.enabled
+                    && !config.gostc.key.is_empty()
+                    && !config.gostc.addr.trim().is_empty()
+            }
+            ExtensionId::Easytier => {
+                config.easytier.enabled && !config.easytier.network_name.is_empty()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub async fn status(&self, id: ExtensionId) -> ExtensionStatus {
         if !self.check_available(id) {
             return ExtensionStatus::Unavailable;
         }
 
-        let processes = self.processes.read().await;
-        match processes.get(&id) {
-            Some(proc) => {
-                if let Some(pid) = proc.child.id() {
-                    ExtensionStatus::Running { pid }
-                } else {
-                    ExtensionStatus::Stopped
+        let mut processes = self.processes.write().await;
+        let exited = {
+            let Some(proc) = processes.get_mut(&id) else {
+                return ExtensionStatus::Stopped;
+            };
+
+            match proc.child.try_wait() {
+                Ok(Some(status)) => {
+                    tracing::info!("Extension {} exited with status {}", id, status);
+                    true
+                }
+                Ok(None) => {
+                    return match proc.child.id() {
+                        Some(pid) => ExtensionStatus::Running { pid },
+                        None => ExtensionStatus::Stopped,
+                    };
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::warn!("Failed to query status for {}: {}", id, e);
+                    return match proc.child.id() {
+                        Some(pid) => ExtensionStatus::Running { pid },
+                        None => ExtensionStatus::Stopped,
+                    };
                 }
             }
-            None => ExtensionStatus::Stopped,
+        };
+
+        if exited {
+            processes.remove(&id);
         }
+
+        ExtensionStatus::Stopped
     }
 
-    /// Start an extension with the given configuration
     pub async fn start(&self, id: ExtensionId, config: &ExtensionsConfig) -> Result<(), String> {
         if !self.check_available(id) {
             return Err(format!(
                 "{} not found at {}",
-                id.display_name(),
-                id.binary_path()
+                id,
+                id.binary_path().display()
             ));
         }
 
-        // Stop existing process first
         self.stop(id).await.ok();
 
-        // Build command arguments
         let args = self.build_args(id, config).await?;
 
         tracing::info!(
             "Starting extension {}: {} {}",
             id,
-            id.binary_path(),
-            args.join(" ")
+            id.binary_path().display(),
+            Self::redact_args_for_log(&args).join(" ")
         );
 
         let mut child = Command::new(id.binary_path())
@@ -107,11 +150,10 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
             .stderr(Stdio::piped())
             .kill_on_drop(true)
             .spawn()
-            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to start {}: {}", id.display_name(), e))?;
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to start {}: {}", id, e))?;
 
         let logs = Arc::new(RwLock::new(VecDeque::with_capacity(LOG_BUFFER_SIZE)));
 
-        // Spawn log collector for stdout
         if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
             let logs_clone = logs.clone();
             let id_clone = id;
@@ -120,7 +162,6 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
             });
         }
 
-        // Spawn log collector for stderr
         if let Some(stderr) = child.stderr.take() {
             let logs_clone = logs.clone();
             let id_clone = id;
@@ -134,11 +175,12 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
 
         let mut processes = self.processes.write().await;
         processes.insert(id, ExtensionProcess { child, logs });
+        drop(processes);
+        self.mark_ttyd_status_dirty(id).await;
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Stop an extension
     pub async fn stop(&self, id: ExtensionId) -> Result<(), String> {
         let mut processes = self.processes.write().await;
         if let Some(mut proc) = processes.remove(&id) {
@@ -146,11 +188,12 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
             if let Err(e) = proc.child.kill().await {
                 tracing::warn!("Failed to kill {}: {}", id, e);
             }
+            drop(processes);
+            self.mark_ttyd_status_dirty(id).await;
         }
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Get recent logs for an extension
     pub async fn logs(&self, id: ExtensionId, lines: usize) -> Vec<String> {
         let processes = self.processes.read().await;
         if let Some(proc) = processes.get(&id) {
@@ -162,7 +205,6 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Collect logs from a stream with batched writes to reduce lock contention
     async fn collect_logs<R: tokio::io::AsyncRead + Unpin>(
         id: ExtensionId,
         reader: R,
@@ -175,16 +217,14 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
         loop {
             match lines.next_line().await {
                 Ok(Some(line)) => {
-                    tracing::debug!("[{}] {}", id, line);
+                    tracing::info!("[{}] {}", id, line);
                     local_buffer.push(line);
 
-                    // Flush when batch is full
                     if local_buffer.len() >= LOG_BATCH_SIZE {
                         Self::flush_logs(&logs, &mut local_buffer).await;
                     }
                 }
                 Ok(None) => {
-                    // Stream ended, flush remaining logs
                     if !local_buffer.is_empty() {
                         Self::flush_logs(&logs, &mut local_buffer).await;
                     }
@@ -198,7 +238,6 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Flush buffered logs to shared storage
     async fn flush_logs(logs: &RwLock<VecDeque<String>>, buffer: &mut Vec<String>) {
         let mut logs = logs.write().await;
         for line in buffer.drain(..) {
@@ -209,7 +248,6 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Build command arguments for an extension
     async fn build_args(
         &self,
         id: ExtensionId,
@@ -219,41 +257,29 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
             ExtensionId::Ttyd => {
                 let c = &config.ttyd;
 
-                // Prepare socket directory and clean up old socket (async)
-                Self::prepare_ttyd_socket().await?;
+                let mut args = Self::build_ttyd_listen_args().await?;
 
-                let mut args = vec![
-                    "-i".to_string(),
-                    TTYD_SOCKET_PATH.to_string(), // Unix socket
-                    "-b".to_string(),
-                    "/api/terminal".to_string(), // Base path for reverse proxy
-                    "-W".to_string(),            // Writable (allow input)
-                ];
-
-                // Add shell as last argument
                 args.push(c.shell.clone());
                 Ok(args)
             }
 
             ExtensionId::Gostc => {
                 let c = &config.gostc;
+                if c.addr.trim().is_empty() {
+                    return Err("GOSTC server address is required".into());
+                }
                 if c.key.is_empty() {
                     return Err("GOSTC client key is required".into());
                 }
 
                 let mut args = Vec::new();
 
-                // Add TLS flag
                 if c.tls {
                     args.push("--tls=true".to_string());
                 }
 
-                // Add server address
-                if !c.addr.is_empty() {
-                    args.extend(["-addr".to_string(), c.addr.clone()]);
-                }
+                args.extend(["-addr".to_string(), c.addr.trim().to_string()]);
 
-                // Add client key
                 args.extend(["-key".to_string(), c.key.clone()]);
 
                 Ok(args)
@@ -272,24 +298,19 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
                     c.network_secret.clone(),
                 ];
 
-                // Add peer URLs
                 for peer in &c.peer_urls {
                     if !peer.is_empty() {
                         args.extend(["--peers".to_string(), peer.clone()]);
                     }
                 }
 
-                // Add virtual IP: use -d for DHCP if empty, or -i for specific IP
                 if let Some(ref ip) = c.virtual_ip {
                     if !ip.is_empty() {
-                        // Use specific IP with -i (must include CIDR, e.g., 10.0.0.1/24)
                         args.extend(["-i".to_string(), ip.clone()]);
                     } else {
-                        // Empty string means use DHCP
                         args.push("-d".to_string());
                     }
                 } else {
-                    // None means use DHCP
                     args.push("-d".to_string());
                 }
 
@@ -298,11 +319,75 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Prepare ttyd socket directory and clean up old socket file
-    async fn prepare_ttyd_socket() -> Result<(), String> {
-        let socket_path = Path::new(TTYD_SOCKET_PATH);
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    async fn build_ttyd_listen_args() -> Result<Vec<String>, String> {
+        Self::prepare_ttyd_socket().await?;
+
+        Ok(vec![
+            "-i".to_string(),
+            TTYD_SOCKET_PATH.to_string(),
+            "-b".to_string(),
+            "/api/terminal".to_string(),
+            "-W".to_string(),
+        ])
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    async fn build_ttyd_listen_args() -> Result<Vec<String>, String> {
+        let cwd = std::env::var("USERPROFILE")
+            .ok()
+            .filter(|path| !path.trim().is_empty())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                std::env::current_dir()
+                    .map(|path| path.to_string_lossy().to_string())
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| ".".to_string())
+            });
+
+        Ok(vec![
+            "-i".to_string(),
+            TTYD_TCP_HOST.to_string(),
+            "-p".to_string(),
+            TTYD_TCP_PORT.to_string(),
+            "-b".to_string(),
+            "/api/terminal".to_string(),
+            "-w".to_string(),
+            cwd,
+            "-W".to_string(),
+        ])
+    }
+
+    fn redact_args_for_log(args: &[String]) -> Vec<String> {
+        let mut redacted = Vec::with_capacity(args.len());
+        let mut redact_next = false;
+
+        for arg in args {
+            if redact_next {
+                redacted.push("****".to_string());
+                redact_next = false;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if arg == "-key" || arg == "--key" {
+                redacted.push(arg.clone());
+                redact_next = true;
+            } else if let Some((flag, _)) = arg.split_once('=') {
+                if flag == "-key" || flag == "--key" {
+                    redacted.push(format!("{}=****", flag));
+                } else {
+                    redacted.push(arg.clone());
+                }
+            } else {
+                redacted.push(arg.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        redacted
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    async fn prepare_ttyd_socket() -> Result<(), String> {
+        let socket_path = std::path::Path::new(TTYD_SOCKET_PATH);
 
-        // Ensure socket directory exists
         if let Some(socket_dir) = socket_path.parent() {
             if !socket_dir.exists() {
                 tokio::fs::create_dir_all(socket_dir)
@@ -311,7 +396,6 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
             }
         }
 
-        // Remove old socket file if exists
         if tokio::fs::try_exists(TTYD_SOCKET_PATH)
             .await
             .unwrap_or(false)
@@ -324,20 +408,11 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Health check - restart crashed processes that should be running
     pub async fn health_check(&self, config: &ExtensionsConfig) {
-        // Collect extensions that need restart check
         let checks: Vec<_> = ExtensionId::all()
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|id| {
-                let should_run = match id {
-                    ExtensionId::Ttyd => config.ttyd.enabled,
-                    ExtensionId::Gostc => config.gostc.enabled && !config.gostc.key.is_empty(),
-                    ExtensionId::Easytier => {
-                        config.easytier.enabled && !config.easytier.network_name.is_empty()
-                    }
-                };
-                if should_run && self.check_available(*id) {
+                if Self::is_enabled_for_config(*id, config) && self.check_available(*id) {
                     Some(*id)
                 } else {
                     None
@@ -345,7 +420,6 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
             })
             .collect();
 
-        // Check which ones need restart (single read lock)
         let needs_restart: Vec<_> = {
             let processes = self.processes.read().await;
             checks
@@ -360,7 +434,6 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
                 .collect()
         };
 
-        // Restart all crashed extensions in parallel
         let restart_futures: Vec<_> = needs_restart
             .into_iter()
             .map(|id| async move {
@@ -374,49 +447,20 @@ impl ExtensionManager {
         futures::future::join_all(restart_futures).await;
     }
 
-    /// Start all enabled extensions in parallel
     pub async fn start_enabled(&self, config: &ExtensionsConfig) {
-        use futures::Future;
-        use std::pin::Pin;
-
-        let mut start_futures: Vec<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send + '_>>> = Vec::new();
-
-        // Collect enabled extensions
-        if config.ttyd.enabled && self.check_available(ExtensionId::Ttyd) {
-            start_futures.push(Box::pin(async {
-                if let Err(e) = self.start(ExtensionId::Ttyd, config).await {
-                    tracing::error!("Failed to start ttyd: {}", e);
+        let start_futures: Vec<_> = ExtensionId::all()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|id| Self::is_enabled_for_config(**id, config) && self.check_available(**id))
+            .map(|id| async move {
+                if let Err(e) = self.start(*id, config).await {
+                    tracing::error!("Failed to start {}: {}", id, e);
                 }
-            }));
-        }
+            })
+            .collect();
 
-        if config.gostc.enabled
-            && !config.gostc.key.is_empty()
-            && self.check_available(ExtensionId::Gostc)
-        {
-            start_futures.push(Box::pin(async {
-                if let Err(e) = self.start(ExtensionId::Gostc, config).await {
-                    tracing::error!("Failed to start gostc: {}", e);
-                }
-            }));
-        }
-
-        if config.easytier.enabled
-            && !config.easytier.network_name.is_empty()
-            && self.check_available(ExtensionId::Easytier)
-        {
-            start_futures.push(Box::pin(async {
-                if let Err(e) = self.start(ExtensionId::Easytier, config).await {
-                    tracing::error!("Failed to start easytier: {}", e);
-                }
-            }));
-        }
-
-        // Start all in parallel
         futures::future::join_all(start_futures).await;
     }
 
-    /// Stop all running extensions in parallel
     pub async fn stop_all(&self) {
         let stop_futures: Vec<_> = ExtensionId::all().iter().map(|id| self.stop(*id)).collect();
         futures::future::join_all(stop_futures).await;

src/extensions/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-//! Extensions module - manage external processes like ttyd, gostc, easytier
-
 mod manager;
+mod software;
 mod types;
 
-pub use manager::{ExtensionManager, TTYD_SOCKET_PATH};
+pub use manager::ExtensionManager;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+pub use manager::TTYD_SOCKET_PATH;
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub use manager::TTYD_TCP_ADDR;
 pub use types::*;

src/extensions/software.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use super::ExtensionId;
+
+#[cfg_attr(windows, path = "software_windows.rs")]
+#[cfg_attr(not(windows), path = "software_linux.rs")]
+mod platform;
+
+pub fn binary_path(id: ExtensionId) -> PathBuf {
+    platform::binary_path(id)
+}
+
+pub fn default_ttyd_shell() -> &'static str {
+    platform::default_ttyd_shell()
+}

src/extensions/software_linux.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use super::ExtensionId;
+
+pub fn default_binary_path(id: ExtensionId) -> &'static str {
+    match id {
+        ExtensionId::Ttyd => "/usr/bin/ttyd",
+        ExtensionId::Gostc => "/usr/bin/gostc",
+        ExtensionId::Easytier => "/usr/bin/easytier-core",
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn binary_path(id: ExtensionId) -> PathBuf {
+    PathBuf::from(default_binary_path(id))
+}
+
+pub fn default_ttyd_shell() -> &'static str {
+    "/bin/bash"
+}

src/extensions/software_windows.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use super::ExtensionId;
+
+pub fn default_binary_path(id: ExtensionId) -> &'static str {
+    match id {
+        ExtensionId::Ttyd => "ttyd.win32.exe",
+        ExtensionId::Gostc => "gostc.exe",
+        ExtensionId::Easytier => "easytier-core.exe",
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn binary_path(id: ExtensionId) -> PathBuf {
+    if id == ExtensionId::Ttyd {
+        if let Some(path) = env_path("ONE_KVM_TTYD_PATH") {
+            return path;
+        }
+    }
+
+    find_in_app_dir(default_binary_path(id))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from(default_binary_path(id)))
+}
+
+pub fn default_ttyd_shell() -> &'static str {
+    "cmd"
+}
+
+fn env_path(name: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    std::env::var(name)
+        .ok()
+        .map(|path| path.trim().to_string())
+        .filter(|path| !path.is_empty())
+        .map(PathBuf::from)
+}
+
+fn find_in_app_dir(binary_name: &str) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    if let Ok(exe_path) = std::env::current_exe() {
+        if let Some(exe_dir) = exe_path.parent() {
+            let bundled = exe_dir.join(binary_name);
+            if bundled.exists() {
+                return Some(bundled);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}

src/extensions/types.rs

@@ -1,41 +1,22 @@
-//! Extension types and configurations
-
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use typeshare::typeshare;
 
-/// Extension identifier (fixed set of supported extensions)
+use super::software;
+
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum ExtensionId {
-    /// Web terminal (ttyd)
     Ttyd,
-    /// NAT traversal client (gostc)
     Gostc,
-    /// P2P VPN (easytier)
     Easytier,
 }
 
 impl ExtensionId {
-    /// Get the binary path for this extension
-    pub fn binary_path(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ttyd => "/usr/bin/ttyd",
-            Self::Gostc => "/usr/bin/gostc",
-            Self::Easytier => "/usr/bin/easytier-core",
-        }
+    pub fn binary_path(&self) -> std::path::PathBuf {
+        software::binary_path(*self)
     }
 
-    /// Get the display name for this extension
-    pub fn display_name(&self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Self::Ttyd => "Web Terminal",
-            Self::Gostc => "GOSTC Tunnel",
-            Self::Easytier => "EasyTier VPN",
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get all extension IDs
     pub fn all() -> &'static [ExtensionId] {
         &[Self::Ttyd, Self::Gostc, Self::Easytier]
     }
@@ -64,25 +45,13 @@ impl std::str::FromStr for ExtensionId {
     }
 }
 
-/// Extension running status
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 #[serde(tag = "state", content = "data", rename_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum ExtensionStatus {
-    /// Binary not found at expected path
     Unavailable,
-    /// Extension is stopped
     Stopped,
-    /// Extension is running
-    Running {
-        /// Process ID
-        pid: u32,
-    },
-    /// Extension failed to start
-    Failed {
-        /// Error message
-        error: String,
-    },
+    Running { pid: u32 },
 }
 
 impl ExtensionStatus {
@@ -91,16 +60,11 @@ impl ExtensionStatus {
     }
 }
 
-/// ttyd configuration (Web Terminal)
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct TtydConfig {
-    /// Enable auto-start
     pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Port to listen on
-    pub port: u16,
-    /// Shell to execute
     pub shell: String,
 }
 
@@ -108,25 +72,19 @@ impl Default for TtydConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             enabled: false,
-            port: 7681,
-            shell: "/bin/bash".to_string(),
+            shell: software::default_ttyd_shell().to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// gostc configuration (NAT traversal based on FRP)
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
 pub struct GostcConfig {
-    /// Enable auto-start
     pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Server address (e.g., gostc.mofeng.run)
     pub addr: String,
-    /// Client key from GOSTC management panel
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
     pub key: String,
-    /// Enable TLS
     pub tls: bool,
 }
 
@@ -134,35 +92,28 @@ impl Default for GostcConfig {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             enabled: false,
-            addr: "gostc.mofeng.run".to_string(),
+            addr: String::new(),
             key: String::new(),
             tls: true,
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// EasyTier configuration (P2P VPN)
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct EasytierConfig {
-    /// Enable auto-start
     pub enabled: bool,
-    /// Network name
     pub network_name: String,
-    /// Network secret/password
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
     pub network_secret: String,
-    /// Peer node URLs
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
     pub peer_urls: Vec<String>,
-    /// Virtual IP address (optional, auto-assigned if not set)
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub virtual_ip: Option<String>,
 }
 
-/// Combined extensions configuration
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 #[serde(default)]
@@ -172,53 +123,37 @@ pub struct ExtensionsConfig {
     pub easytier: EasytierConfig,
 }
 
-/// Extension info with status and config
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ExtensionInfo {
-    /// Whether binary exists
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Current status
     pub status: ExtensionStatus,
 }
 
-/// ttyd extension info
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TtydInfo {
-    /// Whether binary exists
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Current status
     pub status: ExtensionStatus,
-    /// Configuration
     pub config: TtydConfig,
 }
 
-/// gostc extension info
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct GostcInfo {
-    /// Whether binary exists
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Current status
     pub status: ExtensionStatus,
-    /// Configuration
     pub config: GostcConfig,
 }
 
-/// easytier extension info
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct EasytierInfo {
-    /// Whether binary exists
     pub available: bool,
-    /// Current status
     pub status: ExtensionStatus,
-    /// Configuration
     pub config: EasytierConfig,
 }
 
-/// All extensions status response
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ExtensionsStatus {
@@ -227,7 +162,6 @@ pub struct ExtensionsStatus {
     pub easytier: EasytierInfo,
 }
 
-/// Extension logs response
 #[typeshare]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct ExtensionLogs {

src/hid/backend.rs

@@ -1,71 +1,32 @@
-//! HID backend trait definition
+//! `HidBackend` trait plus serde `HidBackendType` (OTG | CH9329 | disabled).
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tokio::sync::watch;
 
 use super::types::{ConsumerEvent, KeyboardEvent, MouseEvent};
 use crate::error::Result;
+use crate::events::LedState;
 
-/// Default CH9329 baud rate
 fn default_ch9329_baud_rate() -> u32 {
     9600
 }
 
-/// HID backend type
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "lowercase")]
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub enum HidBackendType {
-    /// USB OTG gadget mode
     Otg,
-    /// CH9329 serial HID controller
     Ch9329 {
-        /// Serial port path
         port: String,
-        /// Baud rate (default: 9600)
         #[serde(default = "default_ch9329_baud_rate")]
         baud_rate: u32,
     },
-    /// No HID backend (disabled)
     #[default]
     None,
 }
 
 impl HidBackendType {
-    /// Check if OTG backend is available on this system
-    pub fn otg_available() -> bool {
-        // Check for USB gadget support
-        std::path::Path::new("/sys/class/udc").exists()
-    }
-
-    /// Detect the best available backend
-    pub fn detect() -> Self {
-        // Check for OTG gadget support
-        if Self::otg_available() {
-            return Self::Otg;
-        }
-
-        // Check for common CH9329 serial ports
-        let common_ports = [
-            "/dev/ttyUSB0",
-            "/dev/ttyUSB1",
-            "/dev/ttyAMA0",
-            "/dev/serial0",
-        ];
-
-        for port in &common_ports {
-            if std::path::Path::new(port).exists() {
-                return Self::Ch9329 {
-                    port: port.to_string(),
-                    baud_rate: 9600, // Use default baud rate for auto-detection
-                };
-            }
-        }
-
-        Self::None
-    }
-
-    /// Get backend name as string
     pub fn name_str(&self) -> &str {
         match self {
             Self::Otg => "otg",
@@ -75,67 +36,40 @@ impl HidBackendType {
     }
 }
 
-/// HID backend trait
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct HidBackendRuntimeSnapshot {
+    pub initialized: bool,
+    pub online: bool,
+    pub supports_absolute_mouse: bool,
+    pub keyboard_leds_enabled: bool,
+    pub led_state: LedState,
+    pub screen_resolution: Option<(u32, u32)>,
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait HidBackend: Send + Sync {
-    /// Get backend name
-    fn name(&self) -> &'static str;
-
-    /// Initialize the backend
     async fn init(&self) -> Result<()>;
 
-    /// Send a keyboard event
     async fn send_keyboard(&self, event: KeyboardEvent) -> Result<()>;
 
-    /// Send a mouse event
     async fn send_mouse(&self, event: MouseEvent) -> Result<()>;
 
-    /// Send a consumer control event (multimedia keys)
-    /// Default implementation returns an error (not supported)
     async fn send_consumer(&self, _event: ConsumerEvent) -> Result<()> {
         Err(crate::error::AppError::BadRequest(
             "Consumer control not supported by this backend".to_string(),
         ))
     }
 
-    /// Reset all inputs (release all keys/buttons)
     async fn reset(&self) -> Result<()>;
 
-    /// Shutdown the backend
     async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()>;
 
-    /// Perform backend health check.
-    ///
-    /// Default implementation assumes backend is healthy.
-    fn health_check(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        Ok(())
-    }
+    fn runtime_snapshot(&self) -> HidBackendRuntimeSnapshot;
 
-    /// Check if backend supports absolute mouse positioning
-    fn supports_absolute_mouse(&self) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
+    fn subscribe_runtime(&self) -> watch::Receiver<()>;
 
-    /// Get screen resolution (for absolute mouse)
-    fn screen_resolution(&self) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
-        None
-    }
-
-    /// Set screen resolution (for absolute mouse)
-    fn set_screen_resolution(&mut self, _width: u32, _height: u32) {}
-}
-
-/// HID backend information
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
-pub struct HidBackendInfo {
-    /// Backend name
-    pub name: String,
-    /// Backend type
-    pub backend_type: String,
-    /// Is initialized
-    pub initialized: bool,
-    /// Supports absolute mouse
-    pub absolute_mouse: bool,
-    /// Screen resolution (if absolute mouse)
-    pub resolution: Option<(u32, u32)>,
+    fn set_screen_resolution(&self, _width: u32, _height: u32) {}
 }

src/hid/ch9329_proto.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+//! Shared CH9329 protocol types and packet helpers.
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+const PACKET_HEADER: [u8; 2] = [0x57, 0xAB];
+pub const RESPONSE_SUCCESS_MASK: u8 = 0x80;
+pub const RESPONSE_ERROR_MASK: u8 = 0xC0;
+
+pub const DEFAULT_ADDR: u8 = 0x00;
+pub const DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE: u32 = 9600;
+pub const MAX_DATA_LEN: usize = 64;
+pub const MAX_PACKET_SIZE: usize = 70;
+
+pub mod cmd {
+    pub const GET_INFO: u8 = 0x01;
+    pub const SEND_KB_GENERAL_DATA: u8 = 0x02;
+    pub const SEND_KB_MEDIA_DATA: u8 = 0x03;
+    pub const SEND_MS_ABS_DATA: u8 = 0x04;
+    pub const SEND_MS_REL_DATA: u8 = 0x05;
+    pub const RESET: u8 = 0x0F;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum Ch9329Error {
+    Success = 0x00,
+    Timeout = 0xE1,
+    InvalidHeader = 0xE2,
+    InvalidCommand = 0xE3,
+    ChecksumError = 0xE4,
+    ParameterError = 0xE5,
+    OperationFailed = 0xE6,
+}
+
+impl From<u8> for Ch9329Error {
+    fn from(code: u8) -> Self {
+        match code {
+            0x00 => Ch9329Error::Success,
+            0xE1 => Ch9329Error::Timeout,
+            0xE2 => Ch9329Error::InvalidHeader,
+            0xE3 => Ch9329Error::InvalidCommand,
+            0xE4 => Ch9329Error::ChecksumError,
+            0xE5 => Ch9329Error::ParameterError,
+            0xE6 => Ch9329Error::OperationFailed,
+            _ => Ch9329Error::OperationFailed,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for Ch9329Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Ch9329Error::Success => write!(f, "Success"),
+            Ch9329Error::Timeout => write!(f, "Serial receive timeout"),
+            Ch9329Error::InvalidHeader => write!(f, "Invalid packet header"),
+            Ch9329Error::InvalidCommand => write!(f, "Invalid command code"),
+            Ch9329Error::ChecksumError => write!(f, "Checksum mismatch"),
+            Ch9329Error::ParameterError => write!(f, "Parameter error"),
+            Ch9329Error::OperationFailed => write!(f, "Operation failed"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ChipInfo {
+    pub version: String,
+    pub version_raw: u8,
+    pub usb_connected: bool,
+    pub num_lock: bool,
+    pub caps_lock: bool,
+    pub scroll_lock: bool,
+}
+
+impl ChipInfo {
+    pub fn from_response(data: &[u8]) -> Option<Self> {
+        if data.len() < 8 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let version_raw = data[0];
+        let version = format!("V{}.{}", version_raw >> 4, version_raw & 0x0F);
+        let usb_connected = data[1] == 0x01;
+        let led_status = data[2];
+
+        Some(Self {
+            version,
+            version_raw,
+            usb_connected,
+            num_lock: (led_status & 0x01) != 0,
+            caps_lock: (led_status & 0x02) != 0,
+            scroll_lock: (led_status & 0x04) != 0,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct LedStatus {
+    pub num_lock: bool,
+    pub caps_lock: bool,
+    pub scroll_lock: bool,
+}
+
+impl From<u8> for LedStatus {
+    fn from(byte: u8) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            num_lock: (byte & 0x01) != 0,
+            caps_lock: (byte & 0x02) != 0,
+            scroll_lock: (byte & 0x04) != 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Response {
+    pub cmd: u8,
+    pub data: Vec<u8>,
+    pub is_error: bool,
+    pub error_code: Option<Ch9329Error>,
+}
+
+impl Response {
+    pub fn parse(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Self> {
+        if bytes.len() < 6 || bytes[0] != PACKET_HEADER[0] || bytes[1] != PACKET_HEADER[1] {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let cmd = bytes[3];
+        let len = bytes[4] as usize;
+        if bytes.len() < 5 + len + 1 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let expected_checksum = bytes[5 + len];
+        let calculated_checksum = bytes[..5 + len]
+            .iter()
+            .fold(0u8, |acc, &x| acc.wrapping_add(x));
+        if expected_checksum != calculated_checksum {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                "CH9329 checksum mismatch: expected {:02X}, got {:02X}",
+                expected_checksum,
+                calculated_checksum
+            );
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let data = bytes[5..5 + len].to_vec();
+        let is_error = (cmd & RESPONSE_ERROR_MASK) == RESPONSE_ERROR_MASK;
+        let error_code = if is_error && !data.is_empty() {
+            Some(Ch9329Error::from(data[0]))
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Some(Self {
+            cmd,
+            data,
+            is_error,
+            error_code,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn calculate_checksum(data: &[u8]) -> u8 {
+    data.iter().fold(0u8, |acc, &x| acc.wrapping_add(x))
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn build_packet_buf(address: u8, cmd: u8, data: &[u8]) -> ([u8; MAX_PACKET_SIZE], usize) {
+    debug_assert!(data.len() <= MAX_DATA_LEN, "Data too long for CH9329 packet");
+
+    let len = data.len() as u8;
+    let packet_len = 6 + data.len();
+    let mut packet = [0u8; MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
+
+    packet[0] = PACKET_HEADER[0];
+    packet[1] = PACKET_HEADER[1];
+    packet[2] = address;
+    packet[3] = cmd;
+    packet[4] = len;
+    packet[5..5 + data.len()].copy_from_slice(data);
+    packet[5 + data.len()] = calculate_checksum(&packet[..5 + data.len()]);
+
+    (packet, packet_len)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn build_packet(address: u8, cmd: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let (buf, len) = build_packet_buf(address, cmd, data);
+    buf[..len].to_vec()
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn expected_response_cmd(cmd: u8, is_error: bool) -> u8 {
+    cmd | if is_error {
+        RESPONSE_ERROR_MASK
+    } else {
+        RESPONSE_SUCCESS_MASK
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn try_extract_response(buffer: &[u8]) -> Option<(Response, usize)> {
+    let mut offset = 0;
+    while offset + 6 <= buffer.len() {
+        if buffer[offset] != PACKET_HEADER[0] || buffer[offset + 1] != PACKET_HEADER[1] {
+            offset += 1;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let len = buffer[offset + 4] as usize;
+        let frame_len = 6 + len;
+        if offset + frame_len > buffer.len() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let frame = &buffer[offset..offset + frame_len];
+        if let Some(response) = Response::parse(frame) {
+            return Some((response, offset + frame_len));
+        }
+
+        offset += 1;
+    }
+
+    None
+}

src/hid/consumer.rs

@@ -2,21 +2,17 @@
 //!
 //! Reference: USB HID Usage Tables 1.12, Section 15 (Consumer Page 0x0C)
 
-/// Consumer Control Usage codes for multimedia keys
 pub mod usage {
-    // Transport Controls
     pub const PLAY_PAUSE: u16 = 0x00CD;
     pub const STOP: u16 = 0x00B7;
     pub const NEXT_TRACK: u16 = 0x00B5;
     pub const PREV_TRACK: u16 = 0x00B6;
 
-    // Volume Controls
     pub const MUTE: u16 = 0x00E2;
     pub const VOLUME_UP: u16 = 0x00E9;
     pub const VOLUME_DOWN: u16 = 0x00EA;
 }
 
-/// Check if a usage code is valid
 pub fn is_valid_usage(usage: u16) -> bool {
     matches!(
         usage,

src/hid/datachannel.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //!
 //! Keyboard event (type 0x01):
 //! - Byte 1: Event type (0x00 = down, 0x01 = up)
-//! - Byte 2: Key code (USB HID usage code)
+//! - Byte 2: Canonical key code (stable One-KVM key id aligned with HID usage)
 //! - Byte 3: Modifiers bitmask
 //!   - Bit 0: Left Ctrl
 //!   - Bit 1: Left Shift
@@ -38,26 +38,23 @@ use tracing::warn;
 
 use super::types::ConsumerEvent;
 use super::{
-    KeyEventType, KeyboardEvent, KeyboardModifiers, MouseButton, MouseEvent, MouseEventType,
+    CanonicalKey, KeyEventType, KeyboardEvent, KeyboardModifiers, MouseButton, MouseEvent,
+    MouseEventType,
 };
 
-/// Message types
 pub const MSG_KEYBOARD: u8 = 0x01;
 pub const MSG_MOUSE: u8 = 0x02;
 pub const MSG_CONSUMER: u8 = 0x03;
 
-/// Keyboard event types
 pub const KB_EVENT_DOWN: u8 = 0x00;
 pub const KB_EVENT_UP: u8 = 0x01;
 
-/// Mouse event types
 pub const MS_EVENT_MOVE: u8 = 0x00;
 pub const MS_EVENT_MOVE_ABS: u8 = 0x01;
 pub const MS_EVENT_DOWN: u8 = 0x02;
 pub const MS_EVENT_UP: u8 = 0x03;
 pub const MS_EVENT_SCROLL: u8 = 0x04;
 
-/// Parsed HID event from DataChannel
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum HidChannelEvent {
     Keyboard(KeyboardEvent),
@@ -65,7 +62,6 @@ pub enum HidChannelEvent {
     Consumer(ConsumerEvent),
 }
 
-/// Parse a binary HID message from DataChannel
 pub fn parse_hid_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
     if data.is_empty() {
         warn!("Empty HID message");
@@ -85,7 +81,6 @@ pub fn parse_hid_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Parse keyboard message payload
 fn parse_keyboard_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
     if data.len() < 3 {
         warn!("Keyboard message too short: {} bytes", data.len());
@@ -101,7 +96,13 @@ fn parse_keyboard_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
         }
     };
 
-    let key = data[1];
+    let key = match CanonicalKey::from_hid_usage(data[1]) {
+        Some(key) => key,
+        None => {
+            warn!("Unknown canonical keyboard key code: 0x{:02X}", data[1]);
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
     let modifiers_byte = data[2];
 
     let modifiers = KeyboardModifiers {
@@ -119,11 +120,9 @@ fn parse_keyboard_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
         event_type,
         key,
         modifiers,
-        is_usb_hid: true, // WebRTC/WebSocket HID channel sends USB HID usages
     }))
 }
 
-/// Parse mouse message payload
 fn parse_mouse_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
     if data.len() < 6 {
         warn!("Mouse message too short: {} bytes", data.len());
@@ -142,11 +141,9 @@ fn parse_mouse_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
         }
     };
 
-    // Parse coordinates as i16 LE (works for both relative and absolute)
     let x = i16::from_le_bytes([data[1], data[2]]) as i32;
     let y = i16::from_le_bytes([data[3], data[4]]) as i32;
 
-    // Button or scroll delta
     let (button, scroll) = match event_type {
         MouseEventType::Down | MouseEventType::Up => {
             let btn = match data[5] {
@@ -172,7 +169,6 @@ fn parse_mouse_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
     }))
 }
 
-/// Parse consumer control message payload
 fn parse_consumer_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
     if data.len() < 2 {
         warn!("Consumer message too short: {} bytes", data.len());
@@ -184,7 +180,6 @@ fn parse_consumer_message(data: &[u8]) -> Option<HidChannelEvent> {
     Some(HidChannelEvent::Consumer(ConsumerEvent { usage }))
 }
 
-/// Encode a keyboard event to binary format (for sending to client if needed)
 pub fn encode_keyboard_event(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> Vec<u8> {
     let event_type = match event.event_type {
         KeyEventType::Down => KB_EVENT_DOWN,
@@ -193,40 +188,11 @@ pub fn encode_keyboard_event(event: &KeyboardEvent) -> Vec<u8> {
 
     let modifiers = event.modifiers.to_hid_byte();
 
-    vec![MSG_KEYBOARD, event_type, event.key, modifiers]
-}
-
-/// Encode a mouse event to binary format (for sending to client if needed)
-pub fn encode_mouse_event(event: &MouseEvent) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let event_type = match event.event_type {
-        MouseEventType::Move => MS_EVENT_MOVE,
-        MouseEventType::MoveAbs => MS_EVENT_MOVE_ABS,
-        MouseEventType::Down => MS_EVENT_DOWN,
-        MouseEventType::Up => MS_EVENT_UP,
-        MouseEventType::Scroll => MS_EVENT_SCROLL,
-    };
-
-    let x_bytes = (event.x as i16).to_le_bytes();
-    let y_bytes = (event.y as i16).to_le_bytes();
-
-    let extra = match event.event_type {
-        MouseEventType::Down | MouseEventType::Up => event
-            .button
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|b| match b {
-                MouseButton::Left => 0u8,
-                MouseButton::Middle => 1u8,
-                MouseButton::Right => 2u8,
-                MouseButton::Back => 3u8,
-                MouseButton::Forward => 4u8,
-            })
-            .unwrap_or(0),
-        MouseEventType::Scroll => event.scroll as u8,
-        _ => 0,
-    };
-
     vec![
-        MSG_MOUSE, event_type, x_bytes[0], x_bytes[1], y_bytes[0], y_bytes[1], extra,
+        MSG_KEYBOARD,
+        event_type,
+        event.key.to_hid_usage(),
+        modifiers,
     ]
 }
 
@@ -242,10 +208,9 @@ mod tests {
         match event {
             HidChannelEvent::Keyboard(kb) => {
                 assert!(matches!(kb.event_type, KeyEventType::Down));
-                assert_eq!(kb.key, 0x04);
+                assert_eq!(kb.key, CanonicalKey::KeyA);
                 assert!(kb.modifiers.left_ctrl);
                 assert!(!kb.modifiers.left_shift);
-                assert!(kb.is_usb_hid);
             }
             _ => panic!("Expected keyboard event"),
         }
@@ -270,7 +235,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_encode_keyboard() {
         let event = KeyboardEvent {
             event_type: KeyEventType::Down,
-            key: 0x04,
+            key: CanonicalKey::KeyA,
             modifiers: KeyboardModifiers {
                 left_ctrl: true,
                 left_shift: false,
@@ -281,7 +246,6 @@ mod tests {
                 right_alt: false,
                 right_meta: false,
             },
-            is_usb_hid: true,
         };
 
         let encoded = encode_keyboard_event(&event);

src/hid/factory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use tracing::{info, warn};
+
+use super::{ch9329, HidBackend, HidBackendType};
+use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use crate::otg::OtgService;
+
+pub struct HidBackendFactory {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    otg_service: Option<Arc<OtgService>>,
+}
+
+impl HidBackendFactory {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    pub fn new(otg_service: Option<Arc<OtgService>>) -> Self {
+        Self { otg_service }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+
+    pub async fn create_initialized(
+        &self,
+        backend_type: &HidBackendType,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Arc<dyn HidBackend>>> {
+        let backend = match self.create(backend_type).await? {
+            Some(backend) => backend,
+            None => return Ok(None),
+        };
+
+        backend.init().await?;
+        Ok(Some(backend))
+    }
+
+    async fn create(&self, backend_type: &HidBackendType) -> Result<Option<Arc<dyn HidBackend>>> {
+        match backend_type {
+            HidBackendType::Otg => self.create_otg_backend().await.map(Some),
+            HidBackendType::Ch9329 { port, baud_rate } => {
+                info!(
+                    "Initializing CH9329 HID backend on {} @ {} baud",
+                    port, baud_rate
+                );
+                Ok(Some(Arc::new(ch9329::Ch9329Backend::with_baud_rate(
+                    port, *baud_rate,
+                )?)))
+            }
+            HidBackendType::None => {
+                warn!("HID backend disabled");
+                Ok(None)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    async fn create_otg_backend(&self) -> Result<Arc<dyn HidBackend>> {
+        let otg_service = self
+            .otg_service
+            .as_ref()
+            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Config("OTG backend not available".to_string()))?;
+
+        let handles = otg_service
+            .hid_device_paths()
+            .await
+            .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Config("OTG HID paths are not available".to_string()))?;
+
+        info!("Creating OTG HID backend from device paths");
+        Ok(Arc::new(super::otg::OtgBackend::from_handles(handles)?))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    async fn create_otg_backend(&self) -> Result<Arc<dyn HidBackend>> {
+        Err(AppError::Config(
+            "OTG HID is only available on Linux".to_string(),
+        ))
+    }
+}

src/hid/keyboard.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typeshare::typeshare;
+
+#[typeshare]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum CanonicalKey {
+    KeyA,
+    KeyB,
+    KeyC,
+    KeyD,
+    KeyE,
+    KeyF,
+    KeyG,
+    KeyH,
+    KeyI,
+    KeyJ,
+    KeyK,
+    KeyL,
+    KeyM,
+    KeyN,
+    KeyO,
+    KeyP,
+    KeyQ,
+    KeyR,
+    KeyS,
+    KeyT,
+    KeyU,
+    KeyV,
+    KeyW,
+    KeyX,
+    KeyY,
+    KeyZ,
+    Digit1,
+    Digit2,
+    Digit3,
+    Digit4,
+    Digit5,
+    Digit6,
+    Digit7,
+    Digit8,
+    Digit9,
+    Digit0,
+    Enter,
+    Escape,
+    Backspace,
+    Tab,
+    Space,
+    Minus,
+    Equal,
+    BracketLeft,
+    BracketRight,
+    Backslash,
+    Semicolon,
+    Quote,
+    Backquote,
+    Comma,
+    Period,
+    Slash,
+    CapsLock,
+    F1,
+    F2,
+    F3,
+    F4,
+    F5,
+    F6,
+    F7,
+    F8,
+    F9,
+    F10,
+    F11,
+    F12,
+    PrintScreen,
+    ScrollLock,
+    Pause,
+    Insert,
+    Home,
+    PageUp,
+    Delete,
+    End,
+    PageDown,
+    ArrowRight,
+    ArrowLeft,
+    ArrowDown,
+    ArrowUp,
+    NumLock,
+    NumpadDivide,
+    NumpadMultiply,
+    NumpadSubtract,
+    NumpadAdd,
+    NumpadEnter,
+    Numpad1,
+    Numpad2,
+    Numpad3,
+    Numpad4,
+    Numpad5,
+    Numpad6,
+    Numpad7,
+    Numpad8,
+    Numpad9,
+    Numpad0,
+    NumpadDecimal,
+    IntlBackslash,
+    ContextMenu,
+    F13,
+    F14,
+    F15,
+    F16,
+    F17,
+    F18,
+    F19,
+    F20,
+    F21,
+    F22,
+    F23,
+    F24,
+    ControlLeft,
+    ShiftLeft,
+    AltLeft,
+    MetaLeft,
+    ControlRight,
+    ShiftRight,
+    AltRight,
+    MetaRight,
+}
+
+impl CanonicalKey {
+    pub const fn to_hid_usage(self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            Self::KeyA => 0x04,
+            Self::KeyB => 0x05,
+            Self::KeyC => 0x06,
+            Self::KeyD => 0x07,
+            Self::KeyE => 0x08,
+            Self::KeyF => 0x09,
+            Self::KeyG => 0x0A,
+            Self::KeyH => 0x0B,
+            Self::KeyI => 0x0C,
+            Self::KeyJ => 0x0D,
+            Self::KeyK => 0x0E,
+            Self::KeyL => 0x0F,
+            Self::KeyM => 0x10,
+            Self::KeyN => 0x11,
+            Self::KeyO => 0x12,
+            Self::KeyP => 0x13,
+            Self::KeyQ => 0x14,
+            Self::KeyR => 0x15,
+            Self::KeyS => 0x16,
+            Self::KeyT => 0x17,
+            Self::KeyU => 0x18,
+            Self::KeyV => 0x19,
+            Self::KeyW => 0x1A,
+            Self::KeyX => 0x1B,
+            Self::KeyY => 0x1C,
+            Self::KeyZ => 0x1D,
+            Self::Digit1 => 0x1E,
+            Self::Digit2 => 0x1F,
+            Self::Digit3 => 0x20,
+            Self::Digit4 => 0x21,
+            Self::Digit5 => 0x22,
+            Self::Digit6 => 0x23,
+            Self::Digit7 => 0x24,
+            Self::Digit8 => 0x25,
+            Self::Digit9 => 0x26,
+            Self::Digit0 => 0x27,
+            Self::Enter => 0x28,
+            Self::Escape => 0x29,
+            Self::Backspace => 0x2A,
+            Self::Tab => 0x2B,
+            Self::Space => 0x2C,
+            Self::Minus => 0x2D,
+            Self::Equal => 0x2E,
+            Self::BracketLeft => 0x2F,
+            Self::BracketRight => 0x30,
+            Self::Backslash => 0x31,
+            Self::Semicolon => 0x33,
+            Self::Quote => 0x34,
+            Self::Backquote => 0x35,
+            Self::Comma => 0x36,
+            Self::Period => 0x37,
+            Self::Slash => 0x38,
+            Self::CapsLock => 0x39,
+            Self::F1 => 0x3A,
+            Self::F2 => 0x3B,
+            Self::F3 => 0x3C,
+            Self::F4 => 0x3D,
+            Self::F5 => 0x3E,
+            Self::F6 => 0x3F,
+            Self::F7 => 0x40,
+            Self::F8 => 0x41,
+            Self::F9 => 0x42,
+            Self::F10 => 0x43,
+            Self::F11 => 0x44,
+            Self::F12 => 0x45,
+            Self::PrintScreen => 0x46,
+            Self::ScrollLock => 0x47,
+            Self::Pause => 0x48,
+            Self::Insert => 0x49,
+            Self::Home => 0x4A,
+            Self::PageUp => 0x4B,
+            Self::Delete => 0x4C,
+            Self::End => 0x4D,
+            Self::PageDown => 0x4E,
+            Self::ArrowRight => 0x4F,
+            Self::ArrowLeft => 0x50,
+            Self::ArrowDown => 0x51,
+            Self::ArrowUp => 0x52,
+            Self::NumLock => 0x53,
+            Self::NumpadDivide => 0x54,
+            Self::NumpadMultiply => 0x55,
+            Self::NumpadSubtract => 0x56,
+            Self::NumpadAdd => 0x57,
+            Self::NumpadEnter => 0x58,
+            Self::Numpad1 => 0x59,
+            Self::Numpad2 => 0x5A,
+            Self::Numpad3 => 0x5B,
+            Self::Numpad4 => 0x5C,
+            Self::Numpad5 => 0x5D,
+            Self::Numpad6 => 0x5E,
+            Self::Numpad7 => 0x5F,
+            Self::Numpad8 => 0x60,
+            Self::Numpad9 => 0x61,
+            Self::Numpad0 => 0x62,
+            Self::NumpadDecimal => 0x63,
+            Self::IntlBackslash => 0x64,
+            Self::ContextMenu => 0x65,
+            Self::F13 => 0x68,
+            Self::F14 => 0x69,
+            Self::F15 => 0x6A,
+            Self::F16 => 0x6B,
+            Self::F17 => 0x6C,
+            Self::F18 => 0x6D,
+            Self::F19 => 0x6E,
+            Self::F20 => 0x6F,
+            Self::F21 => 0x70,
+            Self::F22 => 0x71,
+            Self::F23 => 0x72,
+            Self::F24 => 0x73,
+            Self::ControlLeft => 0xE0,
+            Self::ShiftLeft => 0xE1,
+            Self::AltLeft => 0xE2,
+            Self::MetaLeft => 0xE3,
+            Self::ControlRight => 0xE4,
+            Self::ShiftRight => 0xE5,
+            Self::AltRight => 0xE6,
+            Self::MetaRight => 0xE7,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn from_hid_usage(usage: u8) -> Option<Self> {
+        match usage {
+            0x04 => Some(Self::KeyA),
+            0x05 => Some(Self::KeyB),
+            0x06 => Some(Self::KeyC),
+            0x07 => Some(Self::KeyD),
+            0x08 => Some(Self::KeyE),
+            0x09 => Some(Self::KeyF),
+            0x0A => Some(Self::KeyG),
+            0x0B => Some(Self::KeyH),
+            0x0C => Some(Self::KeyI),
+            0x0D => Some(Self::KeyJ),
+            0x0E => Some(Self::KeyK),
+            0x0F => Some(Self::KeyL),
+            0x10 => Some(Self::KeyM),
+            0x11 => Some(Self::KeyN),
+            0x12 => Some(Self::KeyO),
+            0x13 => Some(Self::KeyP),
+            0x14 => Some(Self::KeyQ),
+            0x15 => Some(Self::KeyR),
+            0x16 => Some(Self::KeyS),
+            0x17 => Some(Self::KeyT),
+            0x18 => Some(Self::KeyU),
+            0x19 => Some(Self::KeyV),
+            0x1A => Some(Self::KeyW),
+            0x1B => Some(Self::KeyX),
+            0x1C => Some(Self::KeyY),
+            0x1D => Some(Self::KeyZ),
+            0x1E => Some(Self::Digit1),
+            0x1F => Some(Self::Digit2),
+            0x20 => Some(Self::Digit3),
+            0x21 => Some(Self::Digit4),
+            0x22 => Some(Self::Digit5),
+            0x23 => Some(Self::Digit6),
+            0x24 => Some(Self::Digit7),
+            0x25 => Some(Self::Digit8),
+            0x26 => Some(Self::Digit9),
+            0x27 => Some(Self::Digit0),
+            0x28 => Some(Self::Enter),
+            0x29 => Some(Self::Escape),
+            0x2A => Some(Self::Backspace),
+            0x2B => Some(Self::Tab),
+            0x2C => Some(Self::Space),
+            0x2D => Some(Self::Minus),
+            0x2E => Some(Self::Equal),
+            0x2F => Some(Self::BracketLeft),
+            0x30 => Some(Self::BracketRight),
+            0x31 => Some(Self::Backslash),
+            0x33 => Some(Self::Semicolon),
+            0x34 => Some(Self::Quote),
+            0x35 => Some(Self::Backquote),
+            0x36 => Some(Self::Comma),
+            0x37 => Some(Self::Period),
+            0x38 => Some(Self::Slash),
+            0x39 => Some(Self::CapsLock),
+            0x3A => Some(Self::F1),
+            0x3B => Some(Self::F2),
+            0x3C => Some(Self::F3),
+            0x3D => Some(Self::F4),
+            0x3E => Some(Self::F5),
+            0x3F => Some(Self::F6),
+            0x40 => Some(Self::F7),
+            0x41 => Some(Self::F8),
+            0x42 => Some(Self::F9),
+            0x43 => Some(Self::F10),
+            0x44 => Some(Self::F11),
+            0x45 => Some(Self::F12),
+            0x46 => Some(Self::PrintScreen),
+            0x47 => Some(Self::ScrollLock),
+            0x48 => Some(Self::Pause),
+            0x49 => Some(Self::Insert),
+            0x4A => Some(Self::Home),
+            0x4B => Some(Self::PageUp),
+            0x4C => Some(Self::Delete),
+            0x4D => Some(Self::End),
+            0x4E => Some(Self::PageDown),
+            0x4F => Some(Self::ArrowRight),
+            0x50 => Some(Self::ArrowLeft),
+            0x51 => Some(Self::ArrowDown),
+            0x52 => Some(Self::ArrowUp),
+            0x53 => Some(Self::NumLock),
+            0x54 => Some(Self::NumpadDivide),
+            0x55 => Some(Self::NumpadMultiply),
+            0x56 => Some(Self::NumpadSubtract),
+            0x57 => Some(Self::NumpadAdd),
+            0x58 => Some(Self::NumpadEnter),
+            0x59 => Some(Self::Numpad1),
+            0x5A => Some(Self::Numpad2),
+            0x5B => Some(Self::Numpad3),
+            0x5C => Some(Self::Numpad4),
+            0x5D => Some(Self::Numpad5),
+            0x5E => Some(Self::Numpad6),
+            0x5F => Some(Self::Numpad7),
+            0x60 => Some(Self::Numpad8),
+            0x61 => Some(Self::Numpad9),
+            0x62 => Some(Self::Numpad0),
+            0x63 => Some(Self::NumpadDecimal),
+            0x64 => Some(Self::IntlBackslash),
+            0x65 => Some(Self::ContextMenu),
+            0x68 => Some(Self::F13),
+            0x69 => Some(Self::F14),
+            0x6A => Some(Self::F15),
+            0x6B => Some(Self::F16),
+            0x6C => Some(Self::F17),
+            0x6D => Some(Self::F18),
+            0x6E => Some(Self::F19),
+            0x6F => Some(Self::F20),
+            0x70 => Some(Self::F21),
+            0x71 => Some(Self::F22),
+            0x72 => Some(Self::F23),
+            0x73 => Some(Self::F24),
+            0xE0 => Some(Self::ControlLeft),
+            0xE1 => Some(Self::ShiftLeft),
+            0xE2 => Some(Self::AltLeft),
+            0xE3 => Some(Self::MetaLeft),
+            0xE4 => Some(Self::ControlRight),
+            0xE5 => Some(Self::ShiftRight),
+            0xE6 => Some(Self::AltRight),
+            0xE7 => Some(Self::MetaRight),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn is_modifier(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Self::ControlLeft
+                | Self::ShiftLeft
+                | Self::AltLeft
+                | Self::MetaLeft
+                | Self::ControlRight
+                | Self::ShiftRight
+                | Self::AltRight
+                | Self::MetaRight
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub const fn modifier_bit(self) -> Option<u8> {
+        match self {
+            Self::ControlLeft => Some(0x01),
+            Self::ShiftLeft => Some(0x02),
+            Self::AltLeft => Some(0x04),
+            Self::MetaLeft => Some(0x08),
+            Self::ControlRight => Some(0x10),
+            Self::ShiftRight => Some(0x20),
+            Self::AltRight => Some(0x40),
+            Self::MetaRight => Some(0x80),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/hid/keymap.rs

@@ -1,430 +0,0 @@
-//! USB HID keyboard key codes mapping
-//!
-//! This module provides mapping between JavaScript key codes and USB HID usage codes.
-//! Reference: USB HID Usage Tables 1.12, Section 10 (Keyboard/Keypad Page)
-
-/// USB HID key codes (Usage Page 0x07)
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub mod usb {
-    // Letters A-Z (0x04 - 0x1D)
-    pub const KEY_A: u8 = 0x04;
-    pub const KEY_B: u8 = 0x05;
-    pub const KEY_C: u8 = 0x06;
-    pub const KEY_D: u8 = 0x07;
-    pub const KEY_E: u8 = 0x08;
-    pub const KEY_F: u8 = 0x09;
-    pub const KEY_G: u8 = 0x0A;
-    pub const KEY_H: u8 = 0x0B;
-    pub const KEY_I: u8 = 0x0C;
-    pub const KEY_J: u8 = 0x0D;
-    pub const KEY_K: u8 = 0x0E;
-    pub const KEY_L: u8 = 0x0F;
-    pub const KEY_M: u8 = 0x10;
-    pub const KEY_N: u8 = 0x11;
-    pub const KEY_O: u8 = 0x12;
-    pub const KEY_P: u8 = 0x13;
-    pub const KEY_Q: u8 = 0x14;
-    pub const KEY_R: u8 = 0x15;
-    pub const KEY_S: u8 = 0x16;
-    pub const KEY_T: u8 = 0x17;
-    pub const KEY_U: u8 = 0x18;
-    pub const KEY_V: u8 = 0x19;
-    pub const KEY_W: u8 = 0x1A;
-    pub const KEY_X: u8 = 0x1B;
-    pub const KEY_Y: u8 = 0x1C;
-    pub const KEY_Z: u8 = 0x1D;
-
-    // Numbers 1-9, 0 (0x1E - 0x27)
-    pub const KEY_1: u8 = 0x1E;
-    pub const KEY_2: u8 = 0x1F;
-    pub const KEY_3: u8 = 0x20;
-    pub const KEY_4: u8 = 0x21;
-    pub const KEY_5: u8 = 0x22;
-    pub const KEY_6: u8 = 0x23;
-    pub const KEY_7: u8 = 0x24;
-    pub const KEY_8: u8 = 0x25;
-    pub const KEY_9: u8 = 0x26;
-    pub const KEY_0: u8 = 0x27;
-
-    // Control keys
-    pub const KEY_ENTER: u8 = 0x28;
-    pub const KEY_ESCAPE: u8 = 0x29;
-    pub const KEY_BACKSPACE: u8 = 0x2A;
-    pub const KEY_TAB: u8 = 0x2B;
-    pub const KEY_SPACE: u8 = 0x2C;
-    pub const KEY_MINUS: u8 = 0x2D;
-    pub const KEY_EQUAL: u8 = 0x2E;
-    pub const KEY_LEFT_BRACKET: u8 = 0x2F;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT_BRACKET: u8 = 0x30;
-    pub const KEY_BACKSLASH: u8 = 0x31;
-    pub const KEY_HASH: u8 = 0x32; // Non-US # and ~
-    pub const KEY_SEMICOLON: u8 = 0x33;
-    pub const KEY_APOSTROPHE: u8 = 0x34;
-    pub const KEY_GRAVE: u8 = 0x35;
-    pub const KEY_COMMA: u8 = 0x36;
-    pub const KEY_PERIOD: u8 = 0x37;
-    pub const KEY_SLASH: u8 = 0x38;
-    pub const KEY_CAPS_LOCK: u8 = 0x39;
-
-    // Function keys F1-F12
-    pub const KEY_F1: u8 = 0x3A;
-    pub const KEY_F2: u8 = 0x3B;
-    pub const KEY_F3: u8 = 0x3C;
-    pub const KEY_F4: u8 = 0x3D;
-    pub const KEY_F5: u8 = 0x3E;
-    pub const KEY_F6: u8 = 0x3F;
-    pub const KEY_F7: u8 = 0x40;
-    pub const KEY_F8: u8 = 0x41;
-    pub const KEY_F9: u8 = 0x42;
-    pub const KEY_F10: u8 = 0x43;
-    pub const KEY_F11: u8 = 0x44;
-    pub const KEY_F12: u8 = 0x45;
-
-    // Special keys
-    pub const KEY_PRINT_SCREEN: u8 = 0x46;
-    pub const KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: u8 = 0x47;
-    pub const KEY_PAUSE: u8 = 0x48;
-    pub const KEY_INSERT: u8 = 0x49;
-    pub const KEY_HOME: u8 = 0x4A;
-    pub const KEY_PAGE_UP: u8 = 0x4B;
-    pub const KEY_DELETE: u8 = 0x4C;
-    pub const KEY_END: u8 = 0x4D;
-    pub const KEY_PAGE_DOWN: u8 = 0x4E;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT_ARROW: u8 = 0x4F;
-    pub const KEY_LEFT_ARROW: u8 = 0x50;
-    pub const KEY_DOWN_ARROW: u8 = 0x51;
-    pub const KEY_UP_ARROW: u8 = 0x52;
-
-    // Numpad
-    pub const KEY_NUM_LOCK: u8 = 0x53;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_DIVIDE: u8 = 0x54;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_MULTIPLY: u8 = 0x55;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_MINUS: u8 = 0x56;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_PLUS: u8 = 0x57;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_ENTER: u8 = 0x58;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_1: u8 = 0x59;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_2: u8 = 0x5A;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_3: u8 = 0x5B;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_4: u8 = 0x5C;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_5: u8 = 0x5D;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_6: u8 = 0x5E;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_7: u8 = 0x5F;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_8: u8 = 0x60;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_9: u8 = 0x61;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_0: u8 = 0x62;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_DECIMAL: u8 = 0x63;
-
-    // Additional keys
-    pub const KEY_NON_US_BACKSLASH: u8 = 0x64;
-    pub const KEY_APPLICATION: u8 = 0x65; // Context menu
-    pub const KEY_POWER: u8 = 0x66;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_EQUAL: u8 = 0x67;
-
-    // F13-F24
-    pub const KEY_F13: u8 = 0x68;
-    pub const KEY_F14: u8 = 0x69;
-    pub const KEY_F15: u8 = 0x6A;
-    pub const KEY_F16: u8 = 0x6B;
-    pub const KEY_F17: u8 = 0x6C;
-    pub const KEY_F18: u8 = 0x6D;
-    pub const KEY_F19: u8 = 0x6E;
-    pub const KEY_F20: u8 = 0x6F;
-    pub const KEY_F21: u8 = 0x70;
-    pub const KEY_F22: u8 = 0x71;
-    pub const KEY_F23: u8 = 0x72;
-    pub const KEY_F24: u8 = 0x73;
-
-    // Modifier keys (these are handled separately in the modifier byte)
-    pub const KEY_LEFT_CTRL: u8 = 0xE0;
-    pub const KEY_LEFT_SHIFT: u8 = 0xE1;
-    pub const KEY_LEFT_ALT: u8 = 0xE2;
-    pub const KEY_LEFT_META: u8 = 0xE3;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT_CTRL: u8 = 0xE4;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT: u8 = 0xE5;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT_ALT: u8 = 0xE6;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT_META: u8 = 0xE7;
-}
-
-/// JavaScript key codes (event.keyCode / event.code)
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-pub mod js {
-    // Letters
-    pub const KEY_A: u8 = 65;
-    pub const KEY_B: u8 = 66;
-    pub const KEY_C: u8 = 67;
-    pub const KEY_D: u8 = 68;
-    pub const KEY_E: u8 = 69;
-    pub const KEY_F: u8 = 70;
-    pub const KEY_G: u8 = 71;
-    pub const KEY_H: u8 = 72;
-    pub const KEY_I: u8 = 73;
-    pub const KEY_J: u8 = 74;
-    pub const KEY_K: u8 = 75;
-    pub const KEY_L: u8 = 76;
-    pub const KEY_M: u8 = 77;
-    pub const KEY_N: u8 = 78;
-    pub const KEY_O: u8 = 79;
-    pub const KEY_P: u8 = 80;
-    pub const KEY_Q: u8 = 81;
-    pub const KEY_R: u8 = 82;
-    pub const KEY_S: u8 = 83;
-    pub const KEY_T: u8 = 84;
-    pub const KEY_U: u8 = 85;
-    pub const KEY_V: u8 = 86;
-    pub const KEY_W: u8 = 87;
-    pub const KEY_X: u8 = 88;
-    pub const KEY_Y: u8 = 89;
-    pub const KEY_Z: u8 = 90;
-
-    // Numbers (top row)
-    pub const KEY_0: u8 = 48;
-    pub const KEY_1: u8 = 49;
-    pub const KEY_2: u8 = 50;
-    pub const KEY_3: u8 = 51;
-    pub const KEY_4: u8 = 52;
-    pub const KEY_5: u8 = 53;
-    pub const KEY_6: u8 = 54;
-    pub const KEY_7: u8 = 55;
-    pub const KEY_8: u8 = 56;
-    pub const KEY_9: u8 = 57;
-
-    // Function keys
-    pub const KEY_F1: u8 = 112;
-    pub const KEY_F2: u8 = 113;
-    pub const KEY_F3: u8 = 114;
-    pub const KEY_F4: u8 = 115;
-    pub const KEY_F5: u8 = 116;
-    pub const KEY_F6: u8 = 117;
-    pub const KEY_F7: u8 = 118;
-    pub const KEY_F8: u8 = 119;
-    pub const KEY_F9: u8 = 120;
-    pub const KEY_F10: u8 = 121;
-    pub const KEY_F11: u8 = 122;
-    pub const KEY_F12: u8 = 123;
-
-    // Control keys
-    pub const KEY_BACKSPACE: u8 = 8;
-    pub const KEY_TAB: u8 = 9;
-    pub const KEY_ENTER: u8 = 13;
-    pub const KEY_SHIFT: u8 = 16;
-    pub const KEY_CTRL: u8 = 17;
-    pub const KEY_ALT: u8 = 18;
-    pub const KEY_PAUSE: u8 = 19;
-    pub const KEY_CAPS_LOCK: u8 = 20;
-    pub const KEY_ESCAPE: u8 = 27;
-    pub const KEY_SPACE: u8 = 32;
-    pub const KEY_PAGE_UP: u8 = 33;
-    pub const KEY_PAGE_DOWN: u8 = 34;
-    pub const KEY_END: u8 = 35;
-    pub const KEY_HOME: u8 = 36;
-    pub const KEY_LEFT: u8 = 37;
-    pub const KEY_UP: u8 = 38;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT: u8 = 39;
-    pub const KEY_DOWN: u8 = 40;
-    pub const KEY_INSERT: u8 = 45;
-    pub const KEY_DELETE: u8 = 46;
-
-    // Punctuation
-    pub const KEY_SEMICOLON: u8 = 186;
-    pub const KEY_EQUAL: u8 = 187;
-    pub const KEY_COMMA: u8 = 188;
-    pub const KEY_MINUS: u8 = 189;
-    pub const KEY_PERIOD: u8 = 190;
-    pub const KEY_SLASH: u8 = 191;
-    pub const KEY_GRAVE: u8 = 192;
-    pub const KEY_LEFT_BRACKET: u8 = 219;
-    pub const KEY_BACKSLASH: u8 = 220;
-    pub const KEY_RIGHT_BRACKET: u8 = 221;
-    pub const KEY_APOSTROPHE: u8 = 222;
-
-    // Numpad
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_0: u8 = 96;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_1: u8 = 97;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_2: u8 = 98;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_3: u8 = 99;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_4: u8 = 100;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_5: u8 = 101;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_6: u8 = 102;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_7: u8 = 103;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_8: u8 = 104;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_9: u8 = 105;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_MULTIPLY: u8 = 106;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_ADD: u8 = 107;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_SUBTRACT: u8 = 109;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_DECIMAL: u8 = 110;
-    pub const KEY_NUMPAD_DIVIDE: u8 = 111;
-
-    // Lock keys
-    pub const KEY_NUM_LOCK: u8 = 144;
-    pub const KEY_SCROLL_LOCK: u8 = 145;
-
-    // Windows keys
-    pub const KEY_META_LEFT: u8 = 91;
-    pub const KEY_META_RIGHT: u8 = 92;
-    pub const KEY_CONTEXT_MENU: u8 = 93;
-}
-
-/// JavaScript keyCode to USB HID keyCode mapping table
-/// Using a fixed-size array for O(1) lookup instead of HashMap
-/// Index = JavaScript keyCode, Value = USB HID keyCode (0 means unmapped)
-static JS_TO_USB_TABLE: [u8; 256] = {
-    let mut table = [0u8; 256];
-
-    // Letters A-Z (JS 65-90 -> USB 0x04-0x1D)
-    let mut i = 0u8;
-    while i < 26 {
-        table[(65 + i) as usize] = usb::KEY_A + i;
-        i += 1;
-    }
-
-    // Numbers 1-9, 0 (JS 49-57, 48 -> USB 0x1E-0x27)
-    table[49] = usb::KEY_1; // 1
-    table[50] = usb::KEY_2; // 2
-    table[51] = usb::KEY_3; // 3
-    table[52] = usb::KEY_4; // 4
-    table[53] = usb::KEY_5; // 5
-    table[54] = usb::KEY_6; // 6
-    table[55] = usb::KEY_7; // 7
-    table[56] = usb::KEY_8; // 8
-    table[57] = usb::KEY_9; // 9
-    table[48] = usb::KEY_0; // 0
-
-    // Function keys F1-F12 (JS 112-123 -> USB 0x3A-0x45)
-    table[112] = usb::KEY_F1;
-    table[113] = usb::KEY_F2;
-    table[114] = usb::KEY_F3;
-    table[115] = usb::KEY_F4;
-    table[116] = usb::KEY_F5;
-    table[117] = usb::KEY_F6;
-    table[118] = usb::KEY_F7;
-    table[119] = usb::KEY_F8;
-    table[120] = usb::KEY_F9;
-    table[121] = usb::KEY_F10;
-    table[122] = usb::KEY_F11;
-    table[123] = usb::KEY_F12;
-
-    // Control keys
-    table[13] = usb::KEY_ENTER; // Enter
-    table[27] = usb::KEY_ESCAPE; // Escape
-    table[8] = usb::KEY_BACKSPACE; // Backspace
-    table[9] = usb::KEY_TAB; // Tab
-    table[32] = usb::KEY_SPACE; // Space
-    table[20] = usb::KEY_CAPS_LOCK; // Caps Lock
-
-    // Punctuation (JS codes vary by browser/layout)
-    table[189] = usb::KEY_MINUS; // -
-    table[187] = usb::KEY_EQUAL; // =
-    table[219] = usb::KEY_LEFT_BRACKET; // [
-    table[221] = usb::KEY_RIGHT_BRACKET; // ]
-    table[220] = usb::KEY_BACKSLASH; // \
-    table[186] = usb::KEY_SEMICOLON; // ;
-    table[222] = usb::KEY_APOSTROPHE; // '
-    table[192] = usb::KEY_GRAVE; // `
-    table[188] = usb::KEY_COMMA; // ,
-    table[190] = usb::KEY_PERIOD; // .
-    table[191] = usb::KEY_SLASH; // /
-
-    // Navigation keys
-    table[45] = usb::KEY_INSERT;
-    table[46] = usb::KEY_DELETE;
-    table[36] = usb::KEY_HOME;
-    table[35] = usb::KEY_END;
-    table[33] = usb::KEY_PAGE_UP;
-    table[34] = usb::KEY_PAGE_DOWN;
-
-    // Arrow keys
-    table[39] = usb::KEY_RIGHT_ARROW;
-    table[37] = usb::KEY_LEFT_ARROW;
-    table[40] = usb::KEY_DOWN_ARROW;
-    table[38] = usb::KEY_UP_ARROW;
-
-    // Numpad
-    table[144] = usb::KEY_NUM_LOCK;
-    table[111] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_DIVIDE;
-    table[106] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_MULTIPLY;
-    table[109] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_MINUS;
-    table[107] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_PLUS;
-    table[96] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_0;
-    table[97] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_1;
-    table[98] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_2;
-    table[99] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_3;
-    table[100] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_4;
-    table[101] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_5;
-    table[102] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_6;
-    table[103] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_7;
-    table[104] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_8;
-    table[105] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_9;
-    table[110] = usb::KEY_NUMPAD_DECIMAL;
-
-    // Special keys
-    table[19] = usb::KEY_PAUSE;
-    table[145] = usb::KEY_SCROLL_LOCK;
-    table[93] = usb::KEY_APPLICATION; // Context menu
-
-    // Modifier keys
-    table[17] = usb::KEY_LEFT_CTRL;
-    table[16] = usb::KEY_LEFT_SHIFT;
-    table[18] = usb::KEY_LEFT_ALT;
-    table[91] = usb::KEY_LEFT_META; // Left Windows/Command
-    table[92] = usb::KEY_RIGHT_META; // Right Windows/Command
-
-    table
-};
-
-/// Convert JavaScript keyCode to USB HID keyCode
-///
-/// Uses a fixed-size lookup table for O(1) performance.
-/// Returns None if the key code is not mapped.
-#[inline]
-pub fn js_to_usb(js_code: u8) -> Option<u8> {
-    let usb_code = JS_TO_USB_TABLE[js_code as usize];
-    if usb_code != 0 {
-        Some(usb_code)
-    } else {
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-/// Check if a key code is a modifier key
-pub fn is_modifier_key(usb_code: u8) -> bool {
-    (0xE0..=0xE7).contains(&usb_code)
-}
-
-/// Get modifier bit for a modifier key
-pub fn modifier_bit(usb_code: u8) -> Option<u8> {
-    match usb_code {
-        usb::KEY_LEFT_CTRL => Some(0x01),
-        usb::KEY_LEFT_SHIFT => Some(0x02),
-        usb::KEY_LEFT_ALT => Some(0x04),
-        usb::KEY_LEFT_META => Some(0x08),
-        usb::KEY_RIGHT_CTRL => Some(0x10),
-        usb::KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT => Some(0x20),
-        usb::KEY_RIGHT_ALT => Some(0x40),
-        usb::KEY_RIGHT_META => Some(0x80),
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_letter_mapping() {
-        assert_eq!(js_to_usb(65), Some(usb::KEY_A)); // A
-        assert_eq!(js_to_usb(90), Some(usb::KEY_Z)); // Z
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_number_mapping() {
-        assert_eq!(js_to_usb(48), Some(usb::KEY_0));
-        assert_eq!(js_to_usb(49), Some(usb::KEY_1));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_modifier_key() {
-        assert!(is_modifier_key(usb::KEY_LEFT_CTRL));
-        assert!(is_modifier_key(usb::KEY_RIGHT_SHIFT));
-        assert!(!is_modifier_key(usb::KEY_A));
-    }
-}

src/hid/mod.rs

@@ -1,207 +1,247 @@
-//! HID (Human Interface Device) control module
-//!
-//! This module provides keyboard and mouse control for remote KVM:
-//! - USB OTG gadget mode (native Linux USB gadget)
-//! - CH9329 serial HID controller
-//!
-//! Architecture:
-//! ```text
-//! Web Client --> WebSocket/DataChannel --> HID Events --> Backend --> Target PC
-//!                                              |
-//!                                      [OTG | CH9329]
-//! ```
+//! HID path: browser (WebSocket or WebRTC DataChannel) → queue → OTG gadget or CH9329.
 
 pub mod backend;
+mod ch9329_proto;
 pub mod ch9329;
 pub mod consumer;
 pub mod datachannel;
-pub mod keymap;
-pub mod monitor;
+mod factory;
+pub mod keyboard;
+#[cfg(unix)]
 pub mod otg;
+#[cfg(unix)]
+mod otg_device;
 pub mod types;
 pub mod websocket;
 
-pub use backend::{HidBackend, HidBackendType};
-pub use monitor::{HidHealthMonitor, HidHealthStatus, HidMonitorConfig};
-pub use otg::LedState;
+pub use crate::events::LedState;
+pub use backend::{HidBackend, HidBackendRuntimeSnapshot, HidBackendType};
+pub use keyboard::CanonicalKey;
 pub use types::{
     ConsumerEvent, KeyEventType, KeyboardEvent, KeyboardModifiers, MouseButton, MouseEvent,
     MouseEventType,
 };
 
-/// HID backend information
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct HidInfo {
-    /// Backend name
-    pub name: &'static str,
-    /// Whether backend is initialized
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct HidRuntimeState {
+    pub available: bool,
+    pub backend: String,
     pub initialized: bool,
-    /// Whether absolute mouse positioning is supported
+    pub online: bool,
     pub supports_absolute_mouse: bool,
-    /// Screen resolution for absolute mouse
+    pub keyboard_leds_enabled: bool,
+    pub led_state: LedState,
     pub screen_resolution: Option<(u32, u32)>,
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+    pub error: Option<String>,
+    pub error_code: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl HidRuntimeState {
+    fn from_backend_type(backend_type: &HidBackendType) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            available: !matches!(backend_type, HidBackendType::None),
+            backend: backend_type.name_str().to_string(),
+            initialized: false,
+            online: false,
+            supports_absolute_mouse: false,
+            keyboard_leds_enabled: false,
+            led_state: LedState::default(),
+            screen_resolution: None,
+            device: device_for_backend_type(backend_type),
+            error: None,
+            error_code: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_backend(backend_type: &HidBackendType, snapshot: HidBackendRuntimeSnapshot) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            available: !matches!(backend_type, HidBackendType::None),
+            backend: backend_type.name_str().to_string(),
+            initialized: snapshot.initialized,
+            online: snapshot.online,
+            supports_absolute_mouse: snapshot.supports_absolute_mouse,
+            keyboard_leds_enabled: snapshot.keyboard_leds_enabled,
+            led_state: snapshot.led_state,
+            screen_resolution: snapshot.screen_resolution,
+            device: snapshot
+                .device
+                .or_else(|| device_for_backend_type(backend_type)),
+            error: snapshot.error,
+            error_code: snapshot.error_code,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn with_error(
+        backend_type: &HidBackendType,
+        current: &Self,
+        reason: impl Into<String>,
+        error_code: impl Into<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut next = current.clone();
+        next.available = !matches!(backend_type, HidBackendType::None);
+        next.backend = backend_type.name_str().to_string();
+        next.initialized = false;
+        next.online = false;
+        next.keyboard_leds_enabled = false;
+        next.led_state = LedState::default();
+        next.device = device_for_backend_type(backend_type);
+        next.error = Some(reason.into());
+        next.error_code = Some(error_code.into());
+        next
+    }
 }
 
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Duration;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tracing::{info, warn};
 
 use crate::error::{AppError, Result};
+use crate::events::EventBus;
+#[cfg(unix)]
 use crate::otg::OtgService;
-use std::time::Duration;
+use factory::HidBackendFactory;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
 
 const HID_EVENT_QUEUE_CAPACITY: usize = 64;
 const HID_EVENT_SEND_TIMEOUT_MS: u64 = 30;
-const HID_HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS: u64 = 1000;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-enum HidEvent {
+enum QueuedHidEvent {
     Keyboard(KeyboardEvent),
     Mouse(MouseEvent),
     Consumer(ConsumerEvent),
     Reset,
 }
 
-/// HID controller managing keyboard and mouse input
 pub struct HidController {
-    /// OTG Service reference (only used when backend is OTG)
-    otg_service: Option<Arc<OtgService>>,
-    /// Active backend
+    backend_factory: HidBackendFactory,
     backend: Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<dyn HidBackend>>>>,
-    /// Backend type (mutable for reload)
     backend_type: Arc<RwLock<HidBackendType>>,
-    /// Event bus for broadcasting state changes (optional)
-    events: tokio::sync::RwLock<Option<Arc<crate::events::EventBus>>>,
-    /// Health monitor for error tracking and recovery
-    monitor: Arc<HidHealthMonitor>,
-    /// HID event queue sender (non-blocking)
-    hid_tx: mpsc::Sender<HidEvent>,
-    /// HID event queue receiver (moved into worker on first start)
-    hid_rx: Mutex<Option<mpsc::Receiver<HidEvent>>>,
-    /// Coalesced mouse move (latest)
+    events: Arc<tokio::sync::RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    runtime_state: Arc<RwLock<HidRuntimeState>>,
+    hid_tx: mpsc::Sender<QueuedHidEvent>,
+    hid_rx: Mutex<Option<mpsc::Receiver<QueuedHidEvent>>>,
     pending_move: Arc<parking_lot::Mutex<Option<MouseEvent>>>,
-    /// Pending move flag (fast path)
     pending_move_flag: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    /// Worker task handle
     hid_worker: Mutex<Option<JoinHandle<()>>>,
-    /// Health check task handle
-    hid_health_checker: Mutex<Option<JoinHandle<()>>>,
-    /// Backend availability fast flag
-    backend_available: AtomicBool,
+    runtime_worker: Mutex<Option<JoinHandle<()>>>,
+    backend_available: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 
 impl HidController {
-    /// Create a new HID controller with specified backend
-    ///
-    /// For OTG backend, otg_service should be provided to support hot-reload
+    #[cfg(unix)]
     pub fn new(backend_type: HidBackendType, otg_service: Option<Arc<OtgService>>) -> Self {
         let (hid_tx, hid_rx) = mpsc::channel(HID_EVENT_QUEUE_CAPACITY);
         Self {
-            otg_service,
             backend: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
-            backend_type: Arc::new(RwLock::new(backend_type)),
-            events: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None),
-            monitor: Arc::new(HidHealthMonitor::with_defaults()),
+            backend_factory: HidBackendFactory::new(otg_service),
+            backend_type: Arc::new(RwLock::new(backend_type.clone())),
+            events: Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None)),
+            runtime_state: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HidRuntimeState::from_backend_type(
+                &backend_type,
+            ))),
             hid_tx,
             hid_rx: Mutex::new(Some(hid_rx)),
             pending_move: Arc::new(parking_lot::Mutex::new(None)),
             pending_move_flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
             hid_worker: Mutex::new(None),
-            hid_health_checker: Mutex::new(None),
-            backend_available: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            runtime_worker: Mutex::new(None),
+            backend_available: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Set event bus for broadcasting state changes
-    pub async fn set_event_bus(&self, events: Arc<crate::events::EventBus>) {
-        *self.events.write().await = Some(events.clone());
-        // Also set event bus on the monitor for health notifications
-        self.monitor.set_event_bus(events).await;
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    pub fn new(backend_type: HidBackendType) -> Self {
+        let (hid_tx, hid_rx) = mpsc::channel(HID_EVENT_QUEUE_CAPACITY);
+        Self {
+            backend: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
+            backend_factory: HidBackendFactory::new(),
+            backend_type: Arc::new(RwLock::new(backend_type.clone())),
+            events: Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None)),
+            runtime_state: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HidRuntimeState::from_backend_type(
+                &backend_type,
+            ))),
+            hid_tx,
+            hid_rx: Mutex::new(Some(hid_rx)),
+            pending_move: Arc::new(parking_lot::Mutex::new(None)),
+            pending_move_flag: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            hid_worker: Mutex::new(None),
+            runtime_worker: Mutex::new(None),
+            backend_available: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn set_event_bus(&self, events: Arc<EventBus>) {
+        *self.events.write().await = Some(events);
     }
 
-    /// Initialize the HID backend
     pub async fn init(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let backend_type = self.backend_type.read().await.clone();
-        let backend: Arc<dyn HidBackend> = match backend_type {
-            HidBackendType::Otg => {
-                // Request HID functions from OtgService
-                let otg_service = self
-                    .otg_service
-                    .as_ref()
-                    .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Internal("OtgService not available".into()))?;
-
-                info!("Requesting HID functions from OtgService");
-                let handles = otg_service.enable_hid().await?;
-
-                // Create OtgBackend from handles (no longer manages gadget itself)
-                info!("Creating OTG HID backend from device paths");
-                Arc::new(otg::OtgBackend::from_handles(handles)?)
-            }
-            HidBackendType::Ch9329 {
-                ref port,
-                baud_rate,
-            } => {
-                info!(
-                    "Initializing CH9329 HID backend on {} @ {} baud",
-                    port, baud_rate
+        let backend = match self.backend_factory.create_initialized(&backend_type).await {
+            Ok(Some(backend)) => backend,
+            Ok(None) => return Ok(()),
+            Err(error) => {
+                self.backend_available.store(false, Ordering::Release);
+                let current = self.runtime_state.read().await.clone();
+                let error_state = HidRuntimeState::with_error(
+                    &backend_type,
+                    &current,
+                    format!("Failed to initialize HID backend: {}", error),
+                    "init_failed",
                 );
-                Arc::new(ch9329::Ch9329Backend::with_baud_rate(port, baud_rate)?)
-            }
-            HidBackendType::None => {
-                warn!("HID backend disabled");
-                return Ok(());
+                self.apply_runtime_state(error_state).await;
+                return Err(error);
             }
         };
 
-        backend.init().await?;
         *self.backend.write().await = Some(backend);
-        self.backend_available.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+        self.sync_runtime_state_from_backend().await;
 
-        // Start HID event worker (once)
         self.start_event_worker().await;
-        self.start_health_checker().await;
+        self.restart_runtime_worker().await;
 
         info!("HID backend initialized: {:?}", backend_type);
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Shutdown the HID backend and release resources
     pub async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<()> {
         info!("Shutting down HID controller");
-        self.stop_health_checker().await;
+        self.stop_runtime_worker().await;
 
-        // Close the backend
-        *self.backend.write().await = None;
-        self.backend_available.store(false, Ordering::Release);
-
-        // If OTG backend, notify OtgService to disable HID
-        let backend_type = self.backend_type.read().await.clone();
-        if matches!(backend_type, HidBackendType::Otg) {
-            if let Some(ref otg_service) = self.otg_service {
-                info!("Disabling HID functions in OtgService");
-                otg_service.disable_hid().await?;
+        if let Some(backend) = self.backend.write().await.take() {
+            if let Err(e) = backend.shutdown().await {
+                warn!("Error shutting down HID backend: {}", e);
             }
         }
+        self.backend_available.store(false, Ordering::Release);
+        let backend_type = self.backend_type.read().await.clone();
+        let mut shutdown_state = HidRuntimeState::from_backend_type(&backend_type);
+        if matches!(backend_type, HidBackendType::None) {
+            shutdown_state.available = false;
+        } else {
+            shutdown_state.error = Some("HID backend stopped".to_string());
+            shutdown_state.error_code = Some("shutdown".to_string());
+        }
+        self.apply_runtime_state(shutdown_state).await;
 
         info!("HID controller shutdown complete");
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Send keyboard event
     pub async fn send_keyboard(&self, event: KeyboardEvent) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.backend_available.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
             return Err(AppError::BadRequest(
                 "HID backend not available".to_string(),
             ));
         }
-        self.enqueue_event(HidEvent::Keyboard(event)).await
+        self.enqueue_event(QueuedHidEvent::Keyboard(event)).await
     }
 
-    /// Send mouse event
     pub async fn send_mouse(&self, event: MouseEvent) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.backend_available.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
             return Err(AppError::BadRequest(
@@ -213,234 +253,97 @@ impl HidController {
             event.event_type,
             MouseEventType::Move | MouseEventType::MoveAbs
         ) {
-            // Best-effort: drop/merge move events if queue is full
             self.enqueue_mouse_move(event)
         } else {
-            self.enqueue_event(HidEvent::Mouse(event)).await
+            self.enqueue_event(QueuedHidEvent::Mouse(event)).await
         }
     }
 
-    /// Send consumer control event (multimedia keys)
     pub async fn send_consumer(&self, event: ConsumerEvent) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.backend_available.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
             return Err(AppError::BadRequest(
                 "HID backend not available".to_string(),
             ));
         }
-        self.enqueue_event(HidEvent::Consumer(event)).await
+        self.enqueue_event(QueuedHidEvent::Consumer(event)).await
     }
 
-    /// Reset all keys (release all pressed keys)
     pub async fn reset(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if !self.backend_available.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
             return Ok(());
         }
-        // Reset is important but best-effort; enqueue to avoid blocking
-        self.enqueue_event(HidEvent::Reset).await
+        self.enqueue_event(QueuedHidEvent::Reset).await
     }
 
-    /// Check if backend is available
     pub async fn is_available(&self) -> bool {
-        self.backend.read().await.is_some()
+        self.backend_available.load(Ordering::Acquire)
     }
 
-    /// Get backend type
     pub async fn backend_type(&self) -> HidBackendType {
         self.backend_type.read().await.clone()
     }
 
-    /// Get backend info
-    pub async fn info(&self) -> Option<HidInfo> {
-        let backend = self.backend.read().await;
-        backend.as_ref().map(|b| HidInfo {
-            name: b.name(),
-            initialized: true,
-            supports_absolute_mouse: b.supports_absolute_mouse(),
-            screen_resolution: b.screen_resolution(),
-        })
+    pub async fn snapshot(&self) -> HidRuntimeState {
+        self.runtime_state.read().await.clone()
     }
 
-    /// Get current state as SystemEvent
-    pub async fn current_state_event(&self) -> crate::events::SystemEvent {
-        let backend = self.backend.read().await;
-        let backend_type = self.backend_type().await;
-        let (backend_name, initialized) = match backend.as_ref() {
-            Some(b) => (b.name(), true),
-            None => (backend_type.name_str(), false),
-        };
-
-        // Include error information from monitor
-        let (error, error_code) = match self.monitor.status().await {
-            HidHealthStatus::Error {
-                reason, error_code, ..
-            } => (Some(reason), Some(error_code)),
-            _ => (None, None),
-        };
-
-        crate::events::SystemEvent::HidStateChanged {
-            backend: backend_name.to_string(),
-            initialized,
-            error,
-            error_code,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get the health monitor reference
-    pub fn monitor(&self) -> &Arc<HidHealthMonitor> {
-        &self.monitor
-    }
-
-    /// Get current health status
-    pub async fn health_status(&self) -> HidHealthStatus {
-        self.monitor.status().await
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the HID backend is healthy
-    pub async fn is_healthy(&self) -> bool {
-        self.monitor.is_healthy().await
-    }
-
-    /// Reload the HID backend with new type
     pub async fn reload(&self, new_backend_type: HidBackendType) -> Result<()> {
         info!("Reloading HID backend: {:?}", new_backend_type);
         self.backend_available.store(false, Ordering::Release);
-        self.stop_health_checker().await;
+        self.stop_runtime_worker().await;
 
-        // Shutdown existing backend first
         if let Some(backend) = self.backend.write().await.take() {
             if let Err(e) = backend.shutdown().await {
                 warn!("Error shutting down old HID backend: {}", e);
             }
         }
 
-        // Create and initialize new backend
-        let new_backend: Option<Arc<dyn HidBackend>> = match new_backend_type {
-            HidBackendType::Otg => {
-                info!("Initializing OTG HID backend");
-
-                // Get OtgService reference
-                let otg_service = match self.otg_service.as_ref() {
-                    Some(svc) => svc,
-                    None => {
-                        warn!("OTG backend requires OtgService, but it's not available");
-                        return Err(AppError::Config(
-                            "OTG backend not available (OtgService missing)".to_string(),
-                        ));
-                    }
-                };
-
-                // Request HID functions from OtgService
-                match otg_service.enable_hid().await {
-                    Ok(handles) => {
-                        // Create OtgBackend from handles
-                        match otg::OtgBackend::from_handles(handles) {
-                            Ok(backend) => {
-                                let backend = Arc::new(backend);
-                                match backend.init().await {
-                                    Ok(_) => {
-                                        info!("OTG backend initialized successfully");
-                                        Some(backend)
-                                    }
-                                    Err(e) => {
-                                        warn!("Failed to initialize OTG backend: {}", e);
-                                        // Cleanup: disable HID in OtgService
-                                        if let Err(e2) = otg_service.disable_hid().await {
-                                            warn!(
-                                                "Failed to cleanup HID after init failure: {}",
-                                                e2
-                                            );
-                                        }
-                                        None
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            Err(e) => {
-                                warn!("Failed to create OTG backend: {}", e);
-                                // Cleanup: disable HID in OtgService
-                                if let Err(e2) = otg_service.disable_hid().await {
-                                    warn!("Failed to cleanup HID after creation failure: {}", e2);
-                                }
-                                None
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        warn!("Failed to enable HID in OtgService: {}", e);
-                        None
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            HidBackendType::Ch9329 {
-                ref port,
-                baud_rate,
-            } => {
-                info!(
-                    "Initializing CH9329 HID backend on {} @ {} baud",
-                    port, baud_rate
-                );
-                match ch9329::Ch9329Backend::with_baud_rate(port, baud_rate) {
-                    Ok(b) => {
-                        let backend = Arc::new(b);
-                        match backend.init().await {
-                            Ok(_) => Some(backend),
-                            Err(e) => {
-                                warn!("Failed to initialize CH9329 backend: {}", e);
-                                None
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        warn!("Failed to create CH9329 backend: {}", e);
-                        None
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            HidBackendType::None => {
-                warn!("HID backend disabled");
+        let new_backend = match self
+            .backend_factory
+            .create_initialized(&new_backend_type)
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(backend) => backend,
+            Err(error) if matches!(&new_backend_type, HidBackendType::None) => return Err(error),
+            Err(error) => {
+                warn!("Failed to initialize HID backend: {}", error);
                 None
             }
         };
 
         *self.backend.write().await = new_backend;
 
+        if matches!(new_backend_type, HidBackendType::None) {
+            *self.backend_type.write().await = HidBackendType::None;
+            self.apply_runtime_state(HidRuntimeState::from_backend_type(&HidBackendType::None))
+                .await;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
         if self.backend.read().await.is_some() {
             info!("HID backend reloaded successfully: {:?}", new_backend_type);
-            self.backend_available.store(true, Ordering::Release);
             self.start_event_worker().await;
-            self.start_health_checker().await;
 
-            // Update backend_type on success
             *self.backend_type.write().await = new_backend_type.clone();
 
-            // Reset monitor state on successful reload
-            self.monitor.reset().await;
-
-            // Publish HID state changed event
-            let backend_name = new_backend_type.name_str().to_string();
-            self.publish_event(crate::events::SystemEvent::HidStateChanged {
-                backend: backend_name,
-                initialized: true,
-                error: None,
-                error_code: None,
-            })
-            .await;
+            self.sync_runtime_state_from_backend().await;
+            self.restart_runtime_worker().await;
 
             Ok(())
         } else {
             warn!("HID backend reload resulted in no active backend");
             self.backend_available.store(false, Ordering::Release);
 
-            // Update backend_type even on failure (to reflect the attempted change)
             *self.backend_type.write().await = new_backend_type.clone();
 
-            // Publish event with initialized=false
-            self.publish_event(crate::events::SystemEvent::HidStateChanged {
-                backend: new_backend_type.name_str().to_string(),
-                initialized: false,
-                error: Some("Failed to initialize HID backend".to_string()),
-                error_code: Some("init_failed".to_string()),
-            })
-            .await;
+            let current = self.runtime_state.read().await.clone();
+            let error_state = HidRuntimeState::with_error(
+                &new_backend_type,
+                &current,
+                "Failed to initialize HID backend",
+                "init_failed",
+            );
+            self.apply_runtime_state(error_state).await;
 
             Err(AppError::Internal(
                 "Failed to reload HID backend".to_string(),
@@ -448,11 +351,20 @@ impl HidController {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Publish event to event bus if available
-    async fn publish_event(&self, event: crate::events::SystemEvent) {
-        if let Some(events) = self.events.read().await.as_ref() {
-            events.publish(event);
-        }
+    async fn apply_runtime_state(&self, next: HidRuntimeState) {
+        apply_runtime_state(&self.runtime_state, &self.events, next).await;
+    }
+
+    async fn sync_runtime_state_from_backend(&self) {
+        let backend_opt = self.backend.read().await.clone();
+        apply_backend_runtime_state(
+            &self.backend_type,
+            &self.runtime_state,
+            &self.events,
+            self.backend_available.as_ref(),
+            backend_opt.as_deref(),
+        )
+        .await;
     }
 
     async fn start_event_worker(&self) {
@@ -468,8 +380,6 @@ impl HidController {
         };
 
         let backend = self.backend.clone();
-        let monitor = self.monitor.clone();
-        let backend_type = self.backend_type.clone();
         let pending_move = self.pending_move.clone();
         let pending_move_flag = self.pending_move_flag.clone();
 
@@ -481,19 +391,12 @@ impl HidController {
                     None => break,
                 };
 
-                process_hid_event(event, &backend, &monitor, &backend_type).await;
+                process_hid_event(event, &backend).await;
 
-                // After each event, flush latest move if pending
                 if pending_move_flag.swap(false, Ordering::AcqRel) {
                     let move_event = { pending_move.lock().take() };
                     if let Some(move_event) = move_event {
-                        process_hid_event(
-                            HidEvent::Mouse(move_event),
-                            &backend,
-                            &monitor,
-                            &backend_type,
-                        )
-                        .await;
+                        process_hid_event(QueuedHidEvent::Mouse(move_event), &backend).await;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -502,89 +405,48 @@ impl HidController {
         *worker_guard = Some(handle);
     }
 
-    async fn start_health_checker(&self) {
-        let mut checker_guard = self.hid_health_checker.lock().await;
-        if checker_guard.is_some() {
-            return;
-        }
+    async fn restart_runtime_worker(&self) {
+        self.stop_runtime_worker().await;
 
-        let backend = self.backend.clone();
+        let backend_opt = self.backend.read().await.clone();
+        let Some(backend) = backend_opt else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        let mut runtime_rx = backend.subscribe_runtime();
+        let runtime_state = self.runtime_state.clone();
+        let events = self.events.clone();
+        let backend_available = self.backend_available.clone();
         let backend_type = self.backend_type.clone();
-        let monitor = self.monitor.clone();
 
         let handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
-            let mut ticker =
-                tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(HID_HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS));
-            ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(tokio::time::MissedTickBehavior::Skip);
-
             loop {
-                ticker.tick().await;
-
-                let backend_opt = backend.read().await.clone();
-                let Some(active_backend) = backend_opt else {
-                    continue;
-                };
-
-                let backend_name = backend_type.read().await.name_str().to_string();
-                let result =
-                    tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || active_backend.health_check()).await;
-
-                match result {
-                    Ok(Ok(())) => {
-                        if monitor.is_error().await {
-                            monitor.report_recovered(&backend_name).await;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Ok(Err(AppError::HidError {
-                        backend,
-                        reason,
-                        error_code,
-                    })) => {
-                        monitor
-                            .report_error(&backend, None, &reason, &error_code)
-                            .await;
-                    }
-                    Ok(Err(e)) => {
-                        monitor
-                            .report_error(
-                                &backend_name,
-                                None,
-                                &format!("HID health check failed: {}", e),
-                                "health_check_failed",
-                            )
-                            .await;
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => {
-                        monitor
-                            .report_error(
-                                &backend_name,
-                                None,
-                                &format!("HID health check task failed: {}", e),
-                                "health_check_join_failed",
-                            )
-                            .await;
-                    }
+                if runtime_rx.changed().await.is_err() {
+                    break;
                 }
+
+                apply_backend_runtime_state(
+                    &backend_type,
+                    &runtime_state,
+                    &events,
+                    backend_available.as_ref(),
+                    Some(backend.as_ref()),
+                )
+                .await;
             }
         });
 
-        *checker_guard = Some(handle);
+        *self.runtime_worker.lock().await = Some(handle);
     }
 
-    async fn stop_health_checker(&self) {
-        let handle_opt = {
-            let mut checker_guard = self.hid_health_checker.lock().await;
-            checker_guard.take()
-        };
-
-        if let Some(handle) = handle_opt {
+    async fn stop_runtime_worker(&self) {
+        if let Some(handle) = self.runtime_worker.lock().await.take() {
             handle.abort();
-            let _ = handle.await;
         }
     }
 
     fn enqueue_mouse_move(&self, event: MouseEvent) -> Result<()> {
-        match self.hid_tx.try_send(HidEvent::Mouse(event.clone())) {
+        match self.hid_tx.try_send(QueuedHidEvent::Mouse(event.clone())) {
             Ok(_) => Ok(()),
             Err(mpsc::error::TrySendError::Full(_)) => {
                 *self.pending_move.lock() = Some(event);
@@ -597,11 +459,10 @@ impl HidController {
         }
     }
 
-    async fn enqueue_event(&self, event: HidEvent) -> Result<()> {
+    async fn enqueue_event(&self, event: QueuedHidEvent) -> Result<()> {
         match self.hid_tx.try_send(event) {
             Ok(_) => Ok(()),
             Err(mpsc::error::TrySendError::Full(ev)) => {
-                // For non-move events, wait briefly to avoid dropping critical input
                 let tx = self.hid_tx.clone();
                 let send_result = tokio::time::timeout(
                     Duration::from_millis(HID_EVENT_SEND_TIMEOUT_MS),
@@ -622,11 +483,25 @@ impl HidController {
     }
 }
 
-async fn process_hid_event(
-    event: HidEvent,
-    backend: &Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<dyn HidBackend>>>>,
-    monitor: &Arc<HidHealthMonitor>,
+async fn apply_backend_runtime_state(
     backend_type: &Arc<RwLock<HidBackendType>>,
+    runtime_state: &Arc<RwLock<HidRuntimeState>>,
+    events: &Arc<tokio::sync::RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    backend_available: &AtomicBool,
+    backend: Option<&dyn HidBackend>,
+) {
+    let backend_kind = backend_type.read().await.clone();
+    let next = match backend {
+        Some(backend) => HidRuntimeState::from_backend(&backend_kind, backend.runtime_snapshot()),
+        None => HidRuntimeState::from_backend_type(&backend_kind),
+    };
+    backend_available.store(next.initialized, Ordering::Release);
+    apply_runtime_state(runtime_state, events, next).await;
+}
+
+async fn process_hid_event(
+    event: QueuedHidEvent,
+    backend: &Arc<RwLock<Option<Arc<dyn HidBackend>>>>,
 ) {
     let backend_opt = backend.read().await.clone();
     let backend = match backend_opt {
@@ -634,13 +509,14 @@ async fn process_hid_event(
         None => return,
     };
 
+    let backend_for_send = backend.clone();
     let result = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
         futures::executor::block_on(async move {
             match event {
-                HidEvent::Keyboard(ev) => backend.send_keyboard(ev).await,
-                HidEvent::Mouse(ev) => backend.send_mouse(ev).await,
-                HidEvent::Consumer(ev) => backend.send_consumer(ev).await,
-                HidEvent::Reset => backend.reset().await,
+                QueuedHidEvent::Keyboard(ev) => backend_for_send.send_keyboard(ev).await,
+                QueuedHidEvent::Mouse(ev) => backend_for_send.send_mouse(ev).await,
+                QueuedHidEvent::Consumer(ev) => backend_for_send.send_consumer(ev).await,
+                QueuedHidEvent::Reset => backend_for_send.reset().await,
             }
         })
     })
@@ -652,31 +528,40 @@ async fn process_hid_event(
     };
 
     match result {
-        Ok(_) => {
-            if monitor.is_error().await {
-                let backend_type = backend_type.read().await;
-                monitor.report_recovered(backend_type.name_str()).await;
-            }
-        }
+        Ok(_) => {}
         Err(e) => {
-            if let AppError::HidError {
-                ref backend,
-                ref reason,
-                ref error_code,
-            } = e
-            {
-                if error_code != "eagain_retry" {
-                    monitor
-                        .report_error(backend, None, reason, error_code)
-                        .await;
-                }
-            }
+            warn!("HID event processing failed: {}", e);
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Default for HidController {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::new(HidBackendType::None, None)
+fn device_for_backend_type(backend_type: &HidBackendType) -> Option<String> {
+    match backend_type {
+        HidBackendType::Ch9329 { port, .. } => Some(port.clone()),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+async fn apply_runtime_state(
+    runtime_state: &Arc<RwLock<HidRuntimeState>>,
+    events: &Arc<tokio::sync::RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>>,
+    next: HidRuntimeState,
+) {
+    let changed = {
+        let mut guard = runtime_state.write().await;
+        if *guard == next {
+            false
+        } else {
+            *guard = next.clone();
+            true
+        }
+    };
+
+    if !changed {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(events) = events.read().await.as_ref() {
+        events.mark_device_info_dirty();
     }
 }

src/hid/monitor.rs

@@ -1,416 +0,0 @@
-//! HID device health monitoring
-//!
-//! This module provides health monitoring for HID devices, including:
-//! - Device connectivity checks
-//! - Automatic reconnection on failure
-//! - Error tracking and notification
-//! - Log throttling to prevent log flooding
-
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Ordering};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-use tokio::sync::RwLock;
-use tracing::{debug, warn};
-
-use crate::events::{EventBus, SystemEvent};
-use crate::utils::LogThrottler;
-
-/// HID health status
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
-pub enum HidHealthStatus {
-    /// Device is healthy and operational
-    #[default]
-    Healthy,
-    /// Device has an error, attempting recovery
-    Error {
-        /// Human-readable error reason
-        reason: String,
-        /// Error code for programmatic handling
-        error_code: String,
-        /// Number of recovery attempts made
-        retry_count: u32,
-    },
-    /// Device is disconnected
-    Disconnected,
-}
-
-/// HID health monitor configuration
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct HidMonitorConfig {
-    /// Health check interval in milliseconds
-    pub check_interval_ms: u64,
-    /// Retry interval when device is lost (milliseconds)
-    pub retry_interval_ms: u64,
-    /// Maximum retry attempts before giving up (0 = infinite)
-    pub max_retries: u32,
-    /// Log throttle interval in seconds
-    pub log_throttle_secs: u64,
-    /// Recovery cooldown in milliseconds (suppress logs after recovery)
-    pub recovery_cooldown_ms: u64,
-}
-
-impl Default for HidMonitorConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            check_interval_ms: 1000,
-            retry_interval_ms: 1000,
-            max_retries: 0, // infinite retry
-            log_throttle_secs: 5,
-            recovery_cooldown_ms: 1000, // 1 second cooldown after recovery
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// HID health monitor
-///
-/// Monitors HID device health and manages error recovery.
-/// Publishes WebSocket events when device status changes.
-pub struct HidHealthMonitor {
-    /// Current health status
-    status: RwLock<HidHealthStatus>,
-    /// Event bus for notifications
-    events: RwLock<Option<Arc<EventBus>>>,
-    /// Log throttler to prevent log flooding
-    throttler: LogThrottler,
-    /// Configuration
-    config: HidMonitorConfig,
-    /// Whether monitoring is active (reserved for future use)
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    running: AtomicBool,
-    /// Current retry count
-    retry_count: AtomicU32,
-    /// Last error code (for change detection)
-    last_error_code: RwLock<Option<String>>,
-    /// Last recovery timestamp (milliseconds since start, for cooldown)
-    last_recovery_ms: AtomicU64,
-    /// Start instant for timing
-    start_instant: Instant,
-}
-
-impl HidHealthMonitor {
-    /// Create a new HID health monitor with the specified configuration
-    pub fn new(config: HidMonitorConfig) -> Self {
-        let throttle_secs = config.log_throttle_secs;
-        Self {
-            status: RwLock::new(HidHealthStatus::Healthy),
-            events: RwLock::new(None),
-            throttler: LogThrottler::with_secs(throttle_secs),
-            config,
-            running: AtomicBool::new(false),
-            retry_count: AtomicU32::new(0),
-            last_error_code: RwLock::new(None),
-            last_recovery_ms: AtomicU64::new(0),
-            start_instant: Instant::now(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Create a new HID health monitor with default configuration
-    pub fn with_defaults() -> Self {
-        Self::new(HidMonitorConfig::default())
-    }
-
-    /// Set the event bus for broadcasting state changes
-    pub async fn set_event_bus(&self, events: Arc<EventBus>) {
-        *self.events.write().await = Some(events);
-    }
-
-    /// Report an error from HID operations
-    ///
-    /// This method is called when an HID operation fails. It:
-    /// 1. Updates the health status
-    /// 2. Logs the error (with throttling and cooldown respect)
-    /// 3. Publishes a WebSocket event if the error is new or changed
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `backend` - The HID backend type ("otg" or "ch9329")
-    /// * `device` - The device path (if known)
-    /// * `reason` - Human-readable error description
-    /// * `error_code` - Error code for programmatic handling
-    pub async fn report_error(
-        &self,
-        backend: &str,
-        device: Option<&str>,
-        reason: &str,
-        error_code: &str,
-    ) {
-        let count = self.retry_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed) + 1;
-
-        // Check if we're in cooldown period after recent recovery
-        let current_ms = self.start_instant.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
-        let last_recovery = self.last_recovery_ms.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-        let in_cooldown =
-            last_recovery > 0 && current_ms < last_recovery + self.config.recovery_cooldown_ms;
-
-        // Check if error code changed
-        let error_changed = {
-            let last = self.last_error_code.read().await;
-            last.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()) != Some(error_code)
-        };
-
-        // Log with throttling (skip if in cooldown period unless error type changed)
-        let throttle_key = format!("hid_{}_{}", backend, error_code);
-        if !in_cooldown && (error_changed || self.throttler.should_log(&throttle_key)) {
-            warn!(
-                "HID {} error: {} (code: {}, attempt: {})",
-                backend, reason, error_code, count
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Update last error code
-        *self.last_error_code.write().await = Some(error_code.to_string());
-
-        // Update status
-        *self.status.write().await = HidHealthStatus::Error {
-            reason: reason.to_string(),
-            error_code: error_code.to_string(),
-            retry_count: count,
-        };
-
-        // Publish event (only if error changed or first occurrence, and not in cooldown)
-        if !in_cooldown && (error_changed || count == 1) {
-            if let Some(ref events) = *self.events.read().await {
-                events.publish(SystemEvent::HidDeviceLost {
-                    backend: backend.to_string(),
-                    device: device.map(|s| s.to_string()),
-                    reason: reason.to_string(),
-                    error_code: error_code.to_string(),
-                });
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Report that a reconnection attempt is starting
-    ///
-    /// Publishes a reconnecting event to notify clients.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `backend` - The HID backend type
-    pub async fn report_reconnecting(&self, backend: &str) {
-        let attempt = self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-        // Only publish every 5 attempts to avoid event spam
-        if attempt == 1 || attempt.is_multiple_of(5) {
-            debug!("HID {} reconnecting, attempt {}", backend, attempt);
-
-            if let Some(ref events) = *self.events.read().await {
-                events.publish(SystemEvent::HidReconnecting {
-                    backend: backend.to_string(),
-                    attempt,
-                });
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Report that the device has recovered
-    ///
-    /// This method is called when the HID device successfully reconnects.
-    /// It resets the error state and publishes a recovery event.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `backend` - The HID backend type
-    pub async fn report_recovered(&self, backend: &str) {
-        let prev_status = self.status.read().await.clone();
-
-        // Only report recovery if we were in an error state
-        if prev_status != HidHealthStatus::Healthy {
-            let retry_count = self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-            // Set cooldown timestamp
-            let current_ms = self.start_instant.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
-            self.last_recovery_ms.store(current_ms, Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-            // Only log and publish events if there were multiple retries
-            // (avoid log spam for transient single-retry recoveries)
-            if retry_count > 1 {
-                debug!("HID {} recovered after {} retries", backend, retry_count);
-
-                // Publish recovery event
-                if let Some(ref events) = *self.events.read().await {
-                    events.publish(SystemEvent::HidRecovered {
-                        backend: backend.to_string(),
-                    });
-
-                    // Also publish state changed to indicate healthy state
-                    events.publish(SystemEvent::HidStateChanged {
-                        backend: backend.to_string(),
-                        initialized: true,
-                        error: None,
-                        error_code: None,
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Reset state (always reset, even for single-retry recoveries)
-            self.retry_count.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
-            *self.last_error_code.write().await = None;
-            *self.status.write().await = HidHealthStatus::Healthy;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Get the current health status
-    pub async fn status(&self) -> HidHealthStatus {
-        self.status.read().await.clone()
-    }
-
-    /// Get the current retry count
-    pub fn retry_count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the monitor is in an error state
-    pub async fn is_error(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(*self.status.read().await, HidHealthStatus::Error { .. })
-    }
-
-    /// Check if the monitor is healthy
-    pub async fn is_healthy(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(*self.status.read().await, HidHealthStatus::Healthy)
-    }
-
-    /// Reset the monitor to healthy state without publishing events
-    ///
-    /// This is useful during initialization.
-    pub async fn reset(&self) {
-        self.retry_count.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        *self.last_error_code.write().await = None;
-        *self.status.write().await = HidHealthStatus::Healthy;
-        self.throttler.clear_all();
-    }
-
-    /// Get the configuration
-    pub fn config(&self) -> &HidMonitorConfig {
-        &self.config
-    }
-
-    /// Check if we should continue retrying
-    ///
-    /// Returns `false` if max_retries is set and we've exceeded it.
-    pub fn should_retry(&self) -> bool {
-        if self.config.max_retries == 0 {
-            return true; // Infinite retry
-        }
-        self.retry_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed) < self.config.max_retries
-    }
-
-    /// Get the retry interval
-    pub fn retry_interval(&self) -> Duration {
-        Duration::from_millis(self.config.retry_interval_ms)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for HidHealthMonitor {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::with_defaults()
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_initial_status() {
-        let monitor = HidHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
-        assert!(monitor.is_healthy().await);
-        assert!(!monitor.is_error().await);
-        assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 0);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_report_error() {
-        let monitor = HidHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
-
-        monitor
-            .report_error("otg", Some("/dev/hidg0"), "Device not found", "enoent")
-            .await;
-
-        assert!(monitor.is_error().await);
-        assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 1);
-
-        if let HidHealthStatus::Error {
-            reason,
-            error_code,
-            retry_count,
-        } = monitor.status().await
-        {
-            assert_eq!(reason, "Device not found");
-            assert_eq!(error_code, "enoent");
-            assert_eq!(retry_count, 1);
-        } else {
-            panic!("Expected Error status");
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_report_recovered() {
-        let monitor = HidHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
-
-        // First report an error
-        monitor
-            .report_error("ch9329", None, "Port not found", "port_not_found")
-            .await;
-        assert!(monitor.is_error().await);
-
-        // Then report recovery
-        monitor.report_recovered("ch9329").await;
-        assert!(monitor.is_healthy().await);
-        assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 0);
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_retry_count_increments() {
-        let monitor = HidHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
-
-        for i in 1..=5 {
-            monitor.report_error("otg", None, "Error", "io_error").await;
-            assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), i);
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_should_retry_infinite() {
-        let monitor = HidHealthMonitor::new(HidMonitorConfig {
-            max_retries: 0, // infinite
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-
-        for _ in 0..100 {
-            monitor.report_error("otg", None, "Error", "io_error").await;
-            assert!(monitor.should_retry());
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_should_retry_limited() {
-        let monitor = HidHealthMonitor::new(HidMonitorConfig {
-            max_retries: 3,
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-
-        assert!(monitor.should_retry());
-
-        monitor.report_error("otg", None, "Error", "io_error").await;
-        assert!(monitor.should_retry()); // 1 < 3
-
-        monitor.report_error("otg", None, "Error", "io_error").await;
-        assert!(monitor.should_retry()); // 2 < 3
-
-        monitor.report_error("otg", None, "Error", "io_error").await;
-        assert!(!monitor.should_retry()); // 3 >= 3
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_reset() {
-        let monitor = HidHealthMonitor::with_defaults();
-
-        monitor.report_error("otg", None, "Error", "io_error").await;
-        assert!(monitor.is_error().await);
-
-        monitor.reset().await;
-        assert!(monitor.is_healthy().await);
-        assert_eq!(monitor.retry_count(), 0);
-    }
-}